introduction to clinical dermatology

Question 1

where is lichen planus found

Answer 1

nails
scalp
hair
mucous membranes

Question 2

what can be used to assess the increase chance of a melanoma

Answer 2

ABCD

Question 3

ABCD=

Answer 3

Asymmetry
irregular border
two or more colours within the lesion
diameter >6mm

Question 4

pruitus=

Answer 4

itching

Question 5

purpura=

Answer 5

red or purple colour which does not blanch on pressure

Question 6

hyper-pigmentation can be caused by ;

Answer 6

• post inflammatory pigmentation

- spontaneous melanin increase (melasma)

Question 7

melasma=

Answer 7

spontaneous increase in melanin

Question 8

melasma seen in (2)

Answer 8

pregnant ladies

by contraceptive use

Question 9

what is de-pigmentation

Answer 9

white skin due to absence of melanin

Question 10

e.g if de-pigmentation

Answer 10

vitiligo

Question 11

3 inflammatory dermatoses

Answer 11

Acne
Atopic eczema
Psoriasis

Question 12

what is acne caused by

Answer 12

chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit

Question 13

seborrhoea=

Answer 13

oiliness of skin

Question 14

2 non-inflammatory lesions

Answer 14

open and closed comedones

Question 15

2 inflammatory lesions

Answer 15

papules and pustules

Question 16

what is an open comedone

Answer 16

blackhead- enlarged hair follicle opening filled with melanin

Question 17

papule=

Answer 17

superficial red inflamed spot without pus

Question 18

pustule=

Answer 18

raised red lesions containing pus (filled with neutrophils)

Question 19

nodule=

Answer 19

a solid indurated lesion arises deep within the dermis or subcutis

Question 20

cyst=

Answer 20

a papule or nodule that contains fluid so is fluctuant

Question 21

what is eczema

Answer 21

a chronic inflammatory itchy skin condition developed in childhood

Question 22

where is eczema most common in INFANTS

Answer 22

face and extensor aspects of limbs

Question 23

where is eczema most common in children and adults

Answer 23

flexor aspects of limbs

Question 24

what can chronic scratching/ rubbing lead to

Answer 24

excoriations and lichenifications

Question 25

2 aspects of pompholyx eczema of the hands

Answer 25

vesicles and bulla

Question 26

vesicles=

Answer 26

small fluid filled blister less than 0.5cm diameter

Question 27

bulla=

Answer 27

large fluid filled blister >0.5cm in diameter

Question 28

what is psoriasis

Answer 28

a chronic inflammatory disease due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration

Question 29

consequences of severe psoriasis

Answer 29

fluid loss, cardio compromised

Question 30

urticaria=

Answer 30

wheals- transient raised lesions due to oedema

Question 31

main causes of a bacteria skin infection

Answer 31

streptococcal and staphylococcal

Question 32

abscess=

Answer 32

accumulation of pus in the dermis or subcutaneous

Question 33

what causes erythrasma

Answer 33

gram-positive, non-spore forming, aerobic or facultative bacilli

Question 34

where does erythrasma occur

Answer 34

the skin folds as under the arms, in the groin and between the toes

Question 35

most life threatening type of skin cancer

Answer 35

melanoma

Question 36

3 types of skin cancer

Answer 36

melanoma
basal cell
squamous cell

Question 37

what cells do basal and squamous cell effect

Answer 37

epidermal keratinocytes

Question 38

feature of nodular basal cell carcinoma (4)

Answer 38

small,
skin coloured,
pearly rolled edge
necrotic or ulcerated centre

Question 39

presentation of squamous cell carcinoma (3)

Answer 39

scaly/crusty
ill defined
may ulcerate

Question 40

Breslow depth=

Answer 40

how far the tumour is into the skin