introduction to clinical dermatology Flashcards
where is lichen planus found
nails
scalp
hair
mucous membranes
what can be used to assess the increase chance of a melanoma
ABCD
ABCD=
Asymmetry
irregular border
two or more colours within the lesion
diameter >6mm
pruitus=
itching
purpura=
red or purple colour which does not blanch on pressure
hyper-pigmentation can be caused by ;
- post inflammatory pigmentation
- spontaneous melanin increase (melasma)
melasma=
spontaneous increase in melanin
melasma seen in (2)
pregnant ladies
by contraceptive use
what is de-pigmentation
white skin due to absence of melanin
e.g if de-pigmentation
vitiligo
3 inflammatory dermatoses
Acne
Atopic eczema
Psoriasis
what is acne caused by
chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit
seborrhoea=
oiliness of skin
2 non-inflammatory lesions
open and closed comedones
2 inflammatory lesions
papules and pustules
what is an open comedone
blackhead- enlarged hair follicle opening filled with melanin
papule=
superficial red inflamed spot without pus
pustule=
raised red lesions containing pus (filled with neutrophils)
nodule=
a solid indurated lesion arises deep within the dermis or subcutis
cyst=
a papule or nodule that contains fluid so is fluctuant
what is eczema
a chronic inflammatory itchy skin condition developed in childhood
where is eczema most common in INFANTS
face and extensor aspects of limbs
where is eczema most common in children and adults
flexor aspects of limbs
what can chronic scratching/ rubbing lead to
excoriations and lichenifications
2 aspects of pompholyx eczema of the hands
vesicles and bulla
vesicles=
small fluid filled blister less than 0.5cm diameter
bulla=
large fluid filled blister >0.5cm in diameter
what is psoriasis
a chronic inflammatory disease due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration
consequences of severe psoriasis
fluid loss, cardio compromised
urticaria=
wheals- transient raised lesions due to oedema
main causes of a bacteria skin infection
streptococcal and staphylococcal
abscess=
accumulation of pus in the dermis or subcutaneous
what causes erythrasma
gram-positive, non-spore forming, aerobic or facultative bacilli
where does erythrasma occur
the skin folds as under the arms, in the groin and between the toes
most life threatening type of skin cancer
melanoma
3 types of skin cancer
melanoma
basal cell
squamous cell
what cells do basal and squamous cell effect
epidermal keratinocytes
feature of nodular basal cell carcinoma (4)
small,
skin coloured,
pearly rolled edge
necrotic or ulcerated centre
presentation of squamous cell carcinoma (3)
scaly/crusty
ill defined
may ulcerate
Breslow depth=
how far the tumour is into the skin
