PARASITIC infections

Question 1

what type of organism is protozoa

Answer 1

unicellular Eukaryotic

Question 2

what type of organism is helminths

Answer 2

multicellular Eukaryotic (parasitic worms)

Question 3

general parasite in malaria=

Answer 3

plasmodium parasite

Question 4

human malaria= (3)

Answer 4

Plasmodium falciparum
P.vivax
P.malariae

Question 5

what type of mosquito which can spread disease

Answer 5

female anopheles mosquito

Question 6

type of malaria reproduction in human

Answer 6

asexual

Question 7

type of malaria reproduction in female anopheles mosquito

Answer 7

sexual

Question 8

2 stages in the human malaria life cycle

Answer 8

Liver stage

blood stage

Question 9

where do the mosquitos carry the malaria pathogen

Answer 9

in their salivary glands

Question 10

what do mosquitos inject when they take a blood meal

Answer 10

infected sporozoites

Question 11

where do the sporozoites first travel to

Answer 11

hepatocytes (in liver)

Question 12

in hepatocytes what is formed

Answer 12

a schizont through replication

Question 13

what happens to a schizont

Answer 13

it bursts the hepatocyte

Question 14

when schizonts burst what is released

Answer 14

merozoites (into the circulation)

Question 15

another word for the human liver cycle

Answer 15

exo-erythrocytic cycle

Question 16

are there any clinical features of the human liver stage

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

what do merozoites enter

Answer 17

Human erythrocytes

Question 18

what do merozoites cause in the RBC

Answer 18

schizont formation leading to rupture

Question 19

what does schizont rupture result in

Answer 19

RBC rupture= anaemia

Question 20

where does sexual reproduction happen in the mosquito

Answer 20

stomach

Question 21

what is the most virulent species of mosquito

Answer 21

P.falciparum

Question 22

diagnosis of malaria

Answer 22

light microscopy with a thin and thick blood smear

Question 23

symptoms of malaria

Answer 23

• many people asymptomatic
• usually severe flu
• frequent fever of 4 days with peaks of fever one day off one day on

Question 24

3 manifestations of severe malaria

Answer 24

cerebral malaria
acidosis
severe anaemia

Question 25

what is the result of cerebral malaria

Answer 25

unrousable coma hypoglycaemia meningitis convulsions

Question 26

what protozoa causes severe malaria

Answer 26

P.falciparum

Question 27

2 malaria treatments

Answer 27

Quinolines | Anti-folates

Question 28

ending of Quinolines

Answer 28

-quinine

Question 29

new antimalarials=

Answer 29

Artemisinin compounds

Question 30

African trypanosomiasis causes

Answer 30

Sleeping sickness

Question 31

what carries African trypanosomiasis parasite

Answer 31

blood-sucking tsetse fly

Question 32

1st stage of african trypanosomiasis

Answer 32

Found in peripheral circulation (unspecific symptoms)

Question 33

2nd stage of african trypanosomiasis

Answer 33

parasite crosses blood brain barrier and infects CNS (coma and death if not treated)

Question 34

what is Chagas disease also called

Answer 34

south american trypanosomiasis

Question 35

chagas disease is caused by

Answer 35

trypanosoma cruzi

Question 36

what insect carries chagas disease

Answer 36

blood sucking triatomine insects (kissing bugs)

Question 37

where do triatomine insects tend to bite

Answer 37

around the face

Question 38

what can chagas disease affect in our bodies

Answer 38

infects our own cells attacking tissues | mainly heart and digestive muscle (and neurological disorders)

Question 39

MOA of chloroquine

Answer 39

blockage of parasite detoxification of heme

Question 40

MOA of anti-folate drugs (e.g sulfonamides)

Answer 40

folic acid metabolism

Question 41

MOA of artemisin drugs

Answer 41

free radial generation that alkylate and oxidize protein/ lipid in infected RBCs

Question 42

2 commonly used drugs for chagas disease

Answer 42

benznidazole | Nifurtimox

Question 43

what is leishmaniasis disease transmitted by

Answer 43

bite of an infected female phlebotomine sandflies

Question 44

when are toxoplasmosis an issue

Answer 44

in immunocompromised

Question 45

what can toxoplasmosis cause in otherwise healthy adults

Answer 45

mild lymphadenopathy

Question 46

commonly used drug for toxoplasmosis

Answer 46

pyrimethamine

Question 47

what are amoebiasis caused by

Answer 47

entamoeba histolytica

Question 48

where is entamoeba histolytica found

Answer 48

contaminated faeces and food

Question 49

what is amoebiasis

Answer 49

an intestinal and extraintestinal infection

Question 50

what type of illnes is giardiasis

Answer 50

diarrheal illness

Question 51

3 types of helminths parasite

Answer 51

-tapeworms -flukes round worms

Question 52

how is helminths infection spread

Answer 52

by infection by larvae or eggs

Question 53

what is the helminths infection like

Answer 53

tortuous migration in host

Question 54

do adult helminths replicate

Answer 54

no

Question 55

what causes main pathology of helminths

Answer 55

eggs/ larvae

Question 56

3 soil transmitted helminths

Answer 56

ascaris whipworm hookworm

Question 57

what causes ascariasis

Answer 57

ascaris lumbricoides

Question 58

where does ascaris lumbricoides live

Answer 58

intestine

Question 59

2 hookworms

Answer 59

ancylostoma duodenale | necator americanus

Question 60

where can hookworm travel from the digestive tract to

Answer 60

heart and lungs

Question 61

cause of whipworm

Answer 61

trichuris trichiura

Question 62

what food gives you taeniasis

Answer 62

raw food

Question 63

what causes taeniasis (2)

Answer 63

taenia solium | taenia saginata

Question 64

what causes the symptoms of schistosomiasis

Answer 64

body's reaction to the eggs

Question 65

where do adult schistosomiasis worms reside in the human body

Answer 65

blood vessels (can travel to bladder or intestine)

Question 66

what animal carries schistosomiasis

Answer 66

snails

Question 67

another word for elephantiasis

Answer 67

lymphatic filariasis

Question 68

what is the vector for lymohatic filariasis (elephantiasis)

Answer 68

mosquito--> human

Question 69

what disease does echinococosis cause

Answer 69

Hydatid disease

Question 70

where are adult worms of echinococcosis found

Answer 70

in definitive hosts of dogs/ canids

Question 71

where are toxoplasmosis transmitted from

Answer 71

cysts in undercooked meat or cat faeces

Question 72

effect of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women

Answer 72

congenital toxoplasmosis