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Block 9 Ellen > PARASITIC infections > Flashcards

PARASITIC infections Flashcards

1
Q

what type of organism is protozoa

A

unicellular Eukaryotic

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2
Q

what type of organism is helminths

A

multicellular Eukaryotic (parasitic worms)

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3
Q

general parasite in malaria=

A

plasmodium parasite

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4
Q

human malaria= (3)

A

Plasmodium falciparum
P.vivax
P.malariae

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5
Q

what type of mosquito which can spread disease

A

female anopheles mosquito

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6
Q

type of malaria reproduction in human

A

asexual

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7
Q

type of malaria reproduction in female anopheles mosquito

A

sexual

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8
Q

2 stages in the human malaria life cycle

A

Liver stage

blood stage

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9
Q

where do the mosquitos carry the malaria pathogen

A

in their salivary glands

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10
Q

what do mosquitos inject when they take a blood meal

A

infected sporozoites

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11
Q

where do the sporozoites first travel to

A

hepatocytes (in liver)

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12
Q

in hepatocytes what is formed

A

a schizont through replication

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13
Q

what happens to a schizont

A

it bursts the hepatocyte

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14
Q

when schizonts burst what is released

A

merozoites (into the circulation)

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15
Q

another word for the human liver cycle

A

exo-erythrocytic cycle

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16
Q

are there any clinical features of the human liver stage

A

NO

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17
Q

what do merozoites enter

A

Human erythrocytes

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18
Q

what do merozoites cause in the RBC

A

schizont formation leading to rupture

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19
Q

what does schizont rupture result in

A

RBC rupture= anaemia

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20
Q

where does sexual reproduction happen in the mosquito

A

stomach

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21
Q

what is the most virulent species of mosquito

A

P.falciparum

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22
Q

diagnosis of malaria

A

light microscopy with a thin and thick blood smear

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23
Q

symptoms of malaria

A
  • many people asymptomatic
  • usually severe flu
  • frequent fever of 4 days with peaks of fever one day off one day on
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24
Q

3 manifestations of severe malaria

A

cerebral malaria
acidosis
severe anaemia

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25
Q

what is the result of cerebral malaria

A

unrousable coma
hypoglycaemia
meningitis
convulsions

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26
Q

what protozoa causes severe malaria

A

P.falciparum

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27
Q

2 malaria treatments

A

Quinolines

Anti-folates

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28
Q

ending of Quinolines

A

-quinine

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29
Q

new antimalarials=

A

Artemisinin compounds

30
Q

African trypanosomiasis causes

A

Sleeping sickness

31
Q

what carries African trypanosomiasis parasite

A

blood-sucking tsetse fly

32
Q

1st stage of african trypanosomiasis

A

Found in peripheral circulation (unspecific symptoms)

33
Q

2nd stage of african trypanosomiasis

A

parasite crosses blood brain barrier and infects CNS (coma and death if not treated)

34
Q

what is Chagas disease also called

A

south american trypanosomiasis

35
Q

chagas disease is caused by

A

trypanosoma cruzi

36
Q

what insect carries chagas disease

A

blood sucking triatomine insects (kissing bugs)

37
Q

where do triatomine insects tend to bite

A

around the face

38
Q

what can chagas disease affect in our bodies

A

infects our own cells attacking tissues

mainly heart and digestive muscle (and neurological disorders)

39
Q

MOA of chloroquine

A

blockage of parasite detoxification of heme

40
Q

MOA of anti-folate drugs (e.g sulfonamides)

A

folic acid metabolism

41
Q

MOA of artemisin drugs

A

free radial generation that alkylate and oxidize protein/ lipid in infected RBCs

42
Q

2 commonly used drugs for chagas disease

A

benznidazole

Nifurtimox

43
Q

what is leishmaniasis disease transmitted by

A

bite of an infected female phlebotomine sandflies

44
Q

when are toxoplasmosis an issue

A

in immunocompromised

45
Q

what can toxoplasmosis cause in otherwise healthy adults

A

mild lymphadenopathy

46
Q

commonly used drug for toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine

47
Q

what are amoebiasis caused by

A

entamoeba histolytica

48
Q

where is entamoeba histolytica found

A

contaminated faeces and food

49
Q

what is amoebiasis

A

an intestinal and extraintestinal infection

50
Q

what type of illnes is giardiasis

A

diarrheal illness

51
Q

3 types of helminths parasite

A

-tapeworms
-flukes
round worms

52
Q

how is helminths infection spread

A

by infection by larvae or eggs

53
Q

what is the helminths infection like

A

tortuous migration in host

54
Q

do adult helminths replicate

A

no

55
Q

what causes main pathology of helminths

A

eggs/ larvae

56
Q

3 soil transmitted helminths

A

ascaris
whipworm
hookworm

57
Q

what causes ascariasis

A

ascaris lumbricoides

58
Q

where does ascaris lumbricoides live

A

intestine

59
Q

2 hookworms

A

ancylostoma duodenale

necator americanus

60
Q

where can hookworm travel from the digestive tract to

A

heart and lungs

61
Q

cause of whipworm

A

trichuris trichiura

62
Q

what food gives you taeniasis

A

raw food

63
Q

what causes taeniasis (2)

A

taenia solium

taenia saginata

64
Q

what causes the symptoms of schistosomiasis

A

body’s reaction to the eggs

65
Q

where do adult schistosomiasis worms reside in the human body

A

blood vessels (can travel to bladder or intestine)

66
Q

what animal carries schistosomiasis

A

snails

67
Q

another word for elephantiasis

A

lymphatic filariasis

68
Q

what is the vector for lymohatic filariasis (elephantiasis)

A

mosquito–> human

69
Q

what disease does echinococosis cause

A

Hydatid disease

70
Q

where are adult worms of echinococcosis found

A

in definitive hosts of dogs/ canids

71
Q

where are toxoplasmosis transmitted from

A

cysts in undercooked meat or cat faeces

72
Q

effect of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women

A

congenital toxoplasmosis

Block 9 Ellen (21 decks)

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