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Block 9 Ellen > Haemodynamic disorders > Flashcards

Haemodynamic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

haemodynamics=

A

movement of blood

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2
Q

fluid homeostasis requires (3)

A

vessel wall integrity
osmolarity
maintenance of intravascular pressure

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3
Q

extravasation=

A

movement of water or blood across the vascular wall

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4
Q

what ensures capillaries don’t collapse

A

pressure

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5
Q

edema=

A

an increase of fluid in the interstitial space,

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6
Q

hydrostatic pressure—>

A

drives fluid out of the tissue

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7
Q

colloid osmotic pressure=

A

increased protein concentration

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8
Q

what does colloid osmotic pressure result in

A

pulls water back into vessels

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9
Q

things causing edema= (3)

A

Increased vascular pressure/volume
decreased plasma protein content
change in endothelial cell function

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10
Q

hydrothorax=

A

edema in the thoracic cavity

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11
Q

hydropericardium=

A

edema in the pericardial cavity

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12
Q

common causes of decreased osmotic pressure (reduced plasma proteins)

A

liver cirrhosis

malnutrition

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13
Q

sodium retention causes

A

increase in hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

haemorrhage=

A

extravasation of blood

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15
Q

pathological thrombosis=

A

formation of blood clot within the vessel (attached to wall)

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16
Q

embolism

A

dislodged thrombosis travelling away from original site

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17
Q

what is the % of blood volume that causes hypovolemic shock

A

above 20%

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18
Q

three phases of haemostatic process

A

hemorrhage
thrombosis
fibrinolysis

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19
Q

types of haemorrhage (3)

A

petechiane
Purpura
bruises/ Ecchymosis

20
Q

petechiane=

A

minute hemorrhage (1-2mm) of skin and mucosa

21
Q

purpura=

A

small haemorrhage (3-5mm) trauma or vasculitis

22
Q

bruises/ Ecchymosis=

A

subcutaneous hematoma

23
Q

three main factors causing thrombosis

A

endothelial injury
abnormal blood flow
hyper-coagulability

24
Q

what is a thrombi formed from

A 
platelets
RBC
neutrophils
Lymphocytes 
Fibrin
25
Q

what holds the thrombi together

A

fibrin

26
Q

what causes arterial thrombi

A

platelet driven, atherosclerosis which is susceptible to damage

27
Q

what causes venous thrombi

A

changes in blood flow (stasis)

28
Q

what are nearly all emboli caused by

A

thromboembolism

29
Q

thromboembolism=

A

dislodged thrombus

30
Q

hyperaemia=

A

increased blood flow in

31
Q

congestion=

A

reduced blood flow out

32
Q

reactive hyperaemia=

A

local vasodilation in response to oxygen debt or accumulation of metabolic waste

33
Q

active hyperaemia=

A

vasodilation in response to activation (exercise)

34
Q

congestion is usually cause by

A

impaired venous return

35
Q

what can impaired venous return be caused by (2)

A
  • physical obstruction of veins

- or failure of the heart to pump blood away

36
Q

circulatory shock caused by

A

systemic hypo-perfusion leading to reduced delivery of O2 and nutrients

37
Q

hypo-perfusion =

A

lack of blood flow

38
Q

three things circulatory shock is associated with

A

hypotension
hypoperfusion
cellular hypoxia

39
Q

cardiogenic shock=

A

failure of heart to pump sufficient blood

40
Q

hypovolemic shock=

A

loss of blood or plasma

41
Q

reasons for cardiogenic shock

A

MI
Arrhythmia
PE
ect

42
Q

septic shock=

A

systemic infection

commonly bacterial in blood stream

43
Q

neurogenic shock=

A

severe damage to the CNS

44
Q

effect of neurogenic shock

A

loss of systemic stimulation to blood vessels leading to wide spread vasodilation

45
Q

anaphylactic shock=

A

severe allergic reaction—> cytokines/ histamine –> vasodilation and hypoperfusion

46
Q

how can septic shock occur (6 steps)

A 
bowel perforation 
bacteria enters blood stream
leaking vessel
impaired blood flow
septic shock 
multiple organ dysfunction

Block 9 Ellen (21 decks)

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