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Block 9 Ellen > bacterial pathogenicity L5 > Flashcards

bacterial pathogenicity L5 Flashcards

1
Q

pathogen=

A

organism capable of causing disease

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2
Q

disease=

A

clinical signs and symptoms of damage that occurs in a host as a result of its interaction with an infectious agent

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3
Q

Koch’s postulates=

A

after isolation a laboratory culture of an organism should both initiate the disease and be recovered from the diseased animal

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4
Q

microbe free areas of the body=

A

fluids

tissues/organs

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5
Q

3 host facts that effect whether infection occurs

A

immune status
prior exposure
genetic predisposition

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6
Q

4 bacteria facts that effect whether infection occurs

A

site of infection
route of inoculum
site of inoculum
specific traits of bacterial strain

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7
Q

what is an overt or strict pathogen

A

only associated with human disease

not part of normal healthy flora

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8
Q

what are opportunistic pathogens

A

members of the normal flora that only cause disease when introduced into unprotected sites

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9
Q

what are Facultative pathogens

A

can grow and survive in environment as well as host

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10
Q

what can help bacteria establish an infection

A

virulence factors

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11
Q

what do bacterial virulence factors facilitate

A

colonisation, growth and spread in host, evasion of the host immune system

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12
Q

examples of virulence factors (5)

A 
adhesions 
flagella
factors that help obtain essential nutrients
Toxins 
capsule
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13
Q

bacterial strategies of pathogenesis (3)

A

extracellular pathogen
toxin producing pathogens
intracellular pathogens

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14
Q

what type of bacteria is streptococcus pneumonia

A

Gram + cocci

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15
Q

where is streptococcus highly invasive

A

lung tissue

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16
Q

what causes the symptoms of pneumonia

A

hosts immune system

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17
Q

what is an endotoxin the colloquial name for

A

Lipopolysaccharide of Gr- bacteria

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18
Q

general symptoms of endotoxins =

A

fever
diarrhoea
vomiting

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19
Q

e.g of toxin producing pathogen (extracellular)

A

clostridium botulinum

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20
Q

upon detection of bacterial LPS (endotoxins) what is delivered to endosomes

A

TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4)

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21
Q

what are exotoxins

A

proteins released extracellularly

22
Q

2 facts about exotoxins

A 
generally destroyed by heat
specific targets (highly toxic)
23
Q

enterotoxin=

A

the group of exotoxins that act on the small intestine

24
Q

examples of 3 toxins produced by pathogens

A

Beta-haemolysin
botulinum toxin
cholera toxin

25
Q

what produces beta-haemolysin

A

streptococcus pyogenes Gr+

26
Q

what does beta-haemolysin cause

A

complete break down of haemoglobin

27
Q

what produces botulinum toxin

A

Clostridum botulinum

28
Q

what does Clostridum botulinum form that helps bacteria survive and reproduce

29
Q

most potent toxin known to man=

A

botulinum toxin

30
Q

botulinum toxin causes

A

flaccid paralysis

31
Q

cholera toxin=

A

an exotoxin

32
Q

e.g of intracellular pathogen

A

salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium

33
Q

what pathogen can escape vacuole and live in cytoplasm

A

listeria monoctyogenes

34
Q

where is listeria monocytogenes found

A

soft cheese, pate, raw vegetables

35
Q

people at risk of listeria monocytogenes

A

pregnant women
immuno-compromised
leukemia

36
Q

what bad disease can listeria monocytogenes lead to

A

meningitis

37
Q

4 strategies for immune evasion

A
  1. hiding inside cell
  2. phase variation /antigenic variation
  3. molecular mimicry
  4. modifying or block host immune response
38
Q

what is antigenic variation and phase variation

A

bacteria change immunogenicity at high frequency avoiding an established immune response

39
Q

molecular mimicry=

A

bacteria pretend to be host by putting host antigens on their surface

40
Q

what can molecular mimicry also cause

A

can trigger immune response against autoantigens

41
Q

e.g of an autoimmune response caused by molecular mimicry

A

rheumatic heart disease

42
Q

3 examples of modifying/blocking the host immune response

A
  1. capsule interfere with phagocytosis
  2. IgA protease against antibody
  3. interfere with host’s cell signalling pathways
43
Q

black holes in pathogens=

A

deleted information

44
Q

pathogenicity islands=

A

extra information

45
Q

3 genetic processes virulence factors might be associated with

A
  1. black holes
  2. pathogenicity islands
  3. plasmids, transposons (jumping gene), bacteriophage
46
Q

what causes such variance in how toxic ecoli is

A

pathogenicity islands

47
Q

is vibrio cholerae gram - or gram +

A

gram negative

48
Q

is clostridium botulinum gram -/+

A

gram positive (spore former)

49
Q

is salmonella gram -/+

A

gram negative

50
Q

is listeria monocytogenes gram +/-

A

gram + rod

Block 9 Ellen (21 decks)

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