translation process

Question 1

what is translation

Answer 1

taking mRNA made from DNA in transcription and making proteins

Question 2

what is mRNA

Answer 2

messenger dna

Question 3

which end does dna translation start

Answer 3

5’ prime to 3’ prime end

Question 4

what are codons

Answer 4

triplets of nucleotides

Question 5

how many codons are there

Answer 5

64

Question 6

how many codon code for an amino acid

Answer 6

61

Question 7

what are the codons that code for a specific amino acid called

Answer 7

sense codons

Question 8

how many codons out of the 64 codons are stop codons

Answer 8

3

Question 9

what is the code for the start codon and what amino acid does it code for

Answer 9

AUG — methionine amino acid

Question 10

what are the 3 stop codons

Answer 10

UAG UAA UGA

Question 11

what do stop codons do

Answer 11

don’t code for an amino acid – stops translation process

Question 12

what is the specific name for stop codons

Answer 12

nonsense codon

Question 13

what are the names of the nucleotides that are used for codons

Answer 13

A, G, C, U

Question 14

what is tRNA

Answer 14

transfer RNA

Question 15

what is the area on top of the tRNA called

Answer 15

amino acid domain

Question 16

what does the amino acid domain do

Answer 16

carry methionine AUG

Question 17

what is the code that makes up the amino acid domain and which end is it on

Answer 17

CCA and it is on the 3’ prime end

Question 18

what amino acid does CCA code for

Answer 18

isolosine

Question 19

what are anticodons

Answer 19

triplet nucleotides that are complementary to codons in mRNA; ex. AUG– UAC

Question 20

what does it mean that the genetic code is comma-less

Answer 20

it doesn’t skip nucleotides; exception is viruses

Question 21

what does it mean that the genetic codes is nonoverlapping

Answer 21

you wouldn’t have a new strand start on an 5’ to 3’ prime end where it already had a base pair there; exception is in viruses which do overlap

Question 22

what does it mean that the genetic code is redundant and degenerate

Answer 22

one amino acid can have multiple codons

Question 23

what is an example of a redundant genetic code

Answer 23

Isolucine– AUA, AUC, and AUU

exceptions: methionine, trypotophen— UGG

Question 24

what does having redundant codons prevent

Answer 24

risk of mutations — which can lead to wobble effect on tRNA —> adenine, uracil, and cytosine both equal Inosine which can occur on 5’ prime end

Question 25

what is the large and small subunits found in ribosomes in eukaryotes

Answer 25

60s and 40s =80s

Question 26

what is the large and small subunits in ribosomes in prokaryotic cells

Answer 26

50s and 30s = 70s

Question 27

why are ribsomes important

Answer 27

with the different sizes of ribosomes and what they equal to it can allow for antibiotics to target the ribosomes of bacteria that doesn’t belong without harming the ribosomes in the host