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microbiology exam 2 review > translation process > Flashcards

translation process Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is translation

A

taking mRNA made from DNA in transcription and making proteins

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2
Q

what is mRNA

A

messenger dna

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3
Q

which end does dna translation start

A

5’ prime to 3’ prime end

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4
Q

what are codons

A

triplets of nucleotides

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5
Q

how many codons are there

A

64

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6
Q

how many codon code for an amino acid

A

61

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7
Q

what are the codons that code for a specific amino acid called

A

sense codons

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8
Q

how many codons out of the 64 codons are stop codons

A

3

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9
Q

what is the code for the start codon and what amino acid does it code for

A

AUG — methionine amino acid

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10
Q

what are the 3 stop codons

A

UAG UAA UGA

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11
Q

what do stop codons do

A

don’t code for an amino acid – stops translation process

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12
Q

what is the specific name for stop codons

A

nonsense codon

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13
Q

what are the names of the nucleotides that are used for codons

A

A, G, C, U

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14
Q

what is tRNA

A

transfer RNA

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15
Q

what is the area on top of the tRNA called

A

amino acid domain

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16
Q

what does the amino acid domain do

A

carry methionine AUG

17
Q

what is the code that makes up the amino acid domain and which end is it on

A

CCA and it is on the 3’ prime end

18
Q

what amino acid does CCA code for

A

isolosine

19
Q

what are anticodons

A

triplet nucleotides that are complementary to codons in mRNA; ex. AUG– UAC

20
Q

what does it mean that the genetic code is comma-less

A

it doesn’t skip nucleotides; exception is viruses

21
Q

what does it mean that the genetic codes is nonoverlapping

A

you wouldn’t have a new strand start on an 5’ to 3’ prime end where it already had a base pair there; exception is in viruses which do overlap

22
Q

what does it mean that the genetic code is redundant and degenerate

A

one amino acid can have multiple codons

23
Q

what is an example of a redundant genetic code

A

Isolucine– AUA, AUC, and AUU

exceptions: methionine, trypotophen— UGG

24
Q

what does having redundant codons prevent

A

risk of mutations — which can lead to wobble effect on tRNA —> adenine, uracil, and cytosine both equal Inosine which can occur on 5’ prime end

25
Q

what is the large and small subunits found in ribosomes in eukaryotes

A

60s and 40s =80s

26
Q

what is the large and small subunits in ribosomes in prokaryotic cells

A

50s and 30s = 70s

27
Q

why are ribsomes important

A

with the different sizes of ribosomes and what they equal to it can allow for antibiotics to target the ribosomes of bacteria that doesn’t belong without harming the ribosomes in the host

microbiology exam 2 review (48 decks)

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