dna replication ch.8

Question 1

what is the first process in dna replication called

Answer 1

initiation

Question 2

what is the first step in dna replication

Answer 2

pre-replication protein bonds to origin and separates adenine and thymine

Question 3

what are the components of an origin of replication

Answer 3

rich area of adenine and thymine
A and T requires less energy

Question 4

what is the second step in the first process of dna replication

Answer 4

helicase enzyme unwinds the 2 dna strands

S.S.B.P bonds to replication bubble

Topoisomerases unwind supercoils by cutting the supercoils in the dna caused by helicase

Ligase enzyme stiches the dna back up

Question 5

what appears after the helicase enzyme unwinds the 2 dna strands

Answer 5

replication fork and replication bubble

Question 6

what does the S.S.B.P bond do

Answer 6

prevents parental strands from reconnecting to each other and prevents from nucleases

Question 7

what can happen to the parental strands when the helicase enzyme unwinds them

Answer 7

supercoils can form

Question 8

what enzyme stitches the dna back up once the topoisomerases cut the supercoils

Answer 8

ligase

Question 9

What is the 2nd process in dna replication

Answer 9

elongation of dna

Question 10

which group is on the 3 prime end

Answer 10

OH

Question 11

which group is on the 5 prime end

Answer 11

PO4

Question 12

what is a Leading Strand and which side is it on

Answer 12

strand of DNA that moves forward to the replication fork leading strand is on the 3’ prime to 5’ prime end

Question 13

what is a Lagging Strand and which side is it on

Answer 13

on 5’ prime to 3’ prime end and most likely contains Ozaki Fragments

Question 14

what is the first step in the 2nd process of dna replication

Answer 14

primase enzyme lays rna primers so that the dna polymerase type 3 enzyme can build off of it

primase reads 3’ to 5’ prime end and dna polymerase type 3 synthesizes rna primers from 5’ prime to 3’ prime end

dna polymerase type 3 proofreads from 3’ to 5’ prime end

enzyme exonuclease cuts out incorrect nucleotide and puts correct nucleotide

DNA polymerase type 1 cuts out rna primers in 5’ to 3’ end by exonuclease

dna polymerase type 1 reads dna from 3’ to 5’ end and synthesizes 5’ to 3’ end and proofreads from 3’ to 5’ prime end with exonuclease

Question 15

which direction does primase read

Answer 15

3’ prime end to 5’ prime end

Question 16

which direction does dna polymerase type 3 synthesizes from

Answer 16

5’ prime to 3’ prime end

Question 17

dna polymerase type 3 needs what of rna primer to continue activity

Answer 17

3’ prime OH end of rna primer

Question 18

dna polymerase type 3 proofreads in which direction

Answer 18

it proofreads from 3’ to 5’ prime end

Question 19

what can appear on lagging strand

Answer 19

okazaki fragments

Question 20

what are okazaki fragments

Answer 20

mix of rna primers and dna stretches on 5’ prime end

Question 21

what is the last process in dna replication called

Answer 21

termination

Question 22

what is the last step in dna replication

Answer 22

dna polymerase moves toward each other at replication fork and stop — no longer performing function

Question 23

what is the process of DNA to DNA called and what is the primary enzyme used to synthesize DNA

Answer 23

DNA replication and it uses enzyme DNA polymerase