ch. 14 microbiome

Question 1

microbiome

Answer 1

all the microorganisms that live and on your body

Question 2

microbiota

Answer 2

set of microorganisms that live within a specific region of your body

Question 3

difference between microbiome and microbiota

Answer 3

microbiome describes the entire habitat of microorganisms

microbiota – assemblage of microorganisms present in a defined environment

Question 4

normal microbiota

Answer 4

collection of acquired microorganisms on or in a healthy human being — doesn’t harm your health and sometimes beneficial to the host – stays in body forever
indefinite

Question 5

transient microbiota

Answer 5

microorganisms colonizing the body briefly and can be harmful

present for days, weeks, or month – can be normal or pathogenic

Question 6

how does normal microbiota protect the host from pathogenic microbes

Answer 6

competing for nutrients

producing substances harmful to invading microbes

affecting pH and available oxygen

Question 7

what is the normal pH for the adult vagina in normal microbiota

Answer 7

pH of 4 which prevents a growth of yeast infection– not always linked to hygiene

Question 8

resident microbiota

Answer 8

permanently colonizes the host and do not cause disease under normal conditions

Question 9

how is the human microbiome acquired

Answer 9

beings to be establish in utero

more microorganisms are acquired from food, other people, and pets during the life

being intimate with someone

remain throughout life

Question 10

body sites colonized by human microbiome

Answer 10

mouth
nose
skin
vagina
intestine

Question 11

commensalism

Answer 11

one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 12

example of commensalism

Answer 12

staphylococcus epidermis uses the cell secretion but doesn’t benefit or harm host

Question 13

mutualism

Answer 13

both organisms benefit

Question 14

example of mutualism

Answer 14

E. coli synthesizes vitamins K and B and the host uses it as well as E. coli because it has an environment to live and reproduce

Question 15

Parasitism

Answer 15

one organism benefits at the expense of the other ( other is harmed)

Question 16

example of parasitism

Answer 16

all viruses and many disease- causing bacteria are parasites

Question 17

opportunistic microorganisms

Answer 17

when the relationship may change when conditions or environment change

Question 18

opportunistic pathogens don’t cause disease in their normal habitat in healthy persons but may be pathogenic in what

Answer 18

in a different environment

Question 19

why is e. coli an opportunistic organism

Answer 19

it lives in the large intestine but when it gains access to other body sites– urinary bladder, lungs, spinal cord, would, it causes infections