ch.14 terminology

Question 1

infection

Answer 1

invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens

Question 2

disease

Answer 2

abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions — not all infections cause disease

Question 3

symptoms

Answer 3

represent the complaint of the patient

Question 4

signs

Answer 4

measured by health professionals

Question 5

examples of signs

Answer 5

blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation

Question 6

examples of symptoms

Answer 6

headaches, fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and sore throat

Question 7

prevalence

Answer 7

proportion of persons who have a condition at or during a particular time period— regardless of when it first appeared — takes account of new and old cases

Question 8

incidence

Answer 8

proportion or rate of persons who develop a condition during a particular time

Question 9

epidemiology

Answer 9

study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations

Question 10

epidemiologists

Answer 10

determine etiology of disease (cause)

determine disease burden(how many are affected)

determine risk facts that predispose symptomatic cases( who develop disease)

identify other important factors concerning spread of disease (how it’s transmitted)

develop method of controlling the disease ( how can we control and prevent )

Question 11

sporadic disease

Answer 11

disease that occurs occasionally– rabies

Question 12

endemic disease

Answer 12

disease constantly present in a population — influenza

Question 13

epidemic disease

Answer 13

disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time

Question 14

pandemic disease

Answer 14

worldwide epidemic – influenza and sars-2

Question 15

herd immunity

Answer 15

community immunity – large part of the populationof an area is immune to a specific disease

Question 16

what does herd immunity protect

Answer 16

at-risk populations — babies and those whose immune systems are weak or compromised

Question 17

how much of the population needs to be vaccinated for herd immunity to occur

Answer 17

75% of population needs to be vaccinated to significantly decrease spread of the disease— only a proportion of a population needs to be immune to prevent spread of infection