Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Universal plasma DONOR type:

A

AB Positive

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2
Q

Universal Blood DONOR

A

O negative

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3
Q

Universal Plasma RECIPIENT:

A

O Negative

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4
Q

Universal Blood Recipient:

A

AB positive

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5
Q

What is the difference between typing and screening?

A

Type is ABO and RH -/+ only (5 minutes)

Screening checks the most significant antibodies (45 minutes)

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6
Q

What is the chance of blood reaction with typing alone?

A

0.2%

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7
Q

What is the chance of blood reaction with crossmatching

A

0.05%

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8
Q

Which blood product contains the highest amount of fibrinogen?

A

Cryoprecipitate

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9
Q

Which blood product carries the highest risk of bacterial contamination?

A

Platelets, because they are kept at room temperature

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10
Q

You should not use _____ when administering platelets

A

Blood warmer or filter

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11
Q

What does FFP contain?

A

All coagulation factors
Fibrinogen
Plasma proteins

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12
Q

What is FFP indicated for?

A

Reversal of warfarin
Coagulopathy
Massive Transfusion
DIC
Hereditary Angioedema

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13
Q

What does cryoprecipitate contain?

A

The four Fs:
Fibrinogen
Factor 13
Factor 8
vWF

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14
Q

What is cryo indicated for?

A

Fibrinogen Deficiency
vWD
Hemophilia

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15
Q

What is the calculation for MABL?

A
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16
Q

When should patients with significant CAD be transfused?

A

Hct < 28-30%

17
Q

What is the normal transfusion threshold?

A

Hgb 6
If 6-10 and symptomatic

18
Q

What is the EBV for a premature neonate?

A

90-100 ml/kg

19
Q

What is the EBV for a full term neonate?

A

80-90 ml/kg

20
Q

What is the EBV for an infant?

21
Q

What is the EBV for an adult?

22
Q

What is the hematocrit in a PRBC?

23
Q

Consequences of RBC storage include:

A

Decreased 2,3-DPG
Decreased pH
Increased K
Hemolysis
Proinflammatory mediator production

24
Q

What does leukoradiation remove?

25
What does washing remove?
any remaining plasma
26
Leukoradiation reduces the risk of:
HLA sensitization Febrile non-hemolytic CMV transmission
27
Washing prevents:
Anaphylaxis in IgA deficient patients
28
Irradiation destroys:
Donor leukocytes, reducing the risk of GVHD in transplant patients
29
What are the most common infections transmitted through PRBCs ranked?
1. CMV 2. Hep B 3. Hep C 4. HIV
30
What should you do if you suspect a transfusion reaction?
Give a fluid bolus to prevent renal occlusion Give bicarb to alkalize the urine, which decreases Hgb precipitation
31
An acute hemolytic reaction causes three processess:
1. Acute Tubular Necrosis 2. DIC from massive clotting activation 3. Hemodynamic instability from bradykinin release
32
TRALI results from _____ in donor blood
HLA and neutrophil antibodies
33
Which DONORS have a high risk of causing TRALI?
Multiparous Women Those who've gotten a lot of transfusions Organ transplant
34
Is massive transfusion associated with acidosis or alkalosis?
ALKALOSIS Citrate is metabolized to bicarb in the liver
35
Is massive transfusion associated with hyper or hypo glycemia?
HYPER Glucose in the blood to facilitate glycolysis
36
What are contraindications to blood salvaging?
Sickle Cell Thalassemia Oncologic Procedures Infected Surg Site
36
What is the lethal triad?
Hypothermia Coagulopathy Acidosis
37
What