Transfusion

Question 1

Universal plasma DONOR type:

Answer 1

AB Positive

Question 2

Universal Blood DONOR

Answer 2

O negative

Question 3

Universal Plasma RECIPIENT:

Answer 3

O Negative

Question 4

Universal Blood Recipient:

Answer 4

AB positive

Question 5

What is the difference between typing and screening?

Answer 5

Type is ABO and RH -/+ only (5 minutes)

Screening checks the most significant antibodies (45 minutes)

Question 6

What is the chance of blood reaction with typing alone?

Answer 6

0.2%

Question 7

What is the chance of blood reaction with crossmatching

Answer 7

0.05%

Question 8

Which blood product contains the highest amount of fibrinogen?

Answer 8

Cryoprecipitate

Question 9

Which blood product carries the highest risk of bacterial contamination?

Answer 9

Platelets, because they are kept at room temperature

Question 10

You should not use _____ when administering platelets

Answer 10

Blood warmer or filter

Question 11

What does FFP contain?

Answer 11

All coagulation factors
Fibrinogen
Plasma proteins

Question 12

What is FFP indicated for?

Answer 12

Reversal of warfarin
Coagulopathy
Massive Transfusion
DIC
Hereditary Angioedema

Question 13

What does cryoprecipitate contain?

Answer 13

The four Fs:
Fibrinogen
Factor 13
Factor 8
vWF

Question 14

What is cryo indicated for?

Answer 14

Fibrinogen Deficiency
vWD
Hemophilia

Question 15

What is the calculation for MABL?

Answer 15

Question 16

When should patients with significant CAD be transfused?

Answer 16

Hct < 28-30%

Question 17

What is the normal transfusion threshold?

Answer 17

Hgb 6
If 6-10 and symptomatic

Question 18

What is the EBV for a premature neonate?

Answer 18

90-100 ml/kg

Question 19

What is the EBV for a full term neonate?

Answer 19

80-90 ml/kg

Question 20

What is the EBV for an infant?

Answer 20

80 ml/kg

Question 21

What is the EBV for an adult?

Answer 21

70 ml/kg

Question 22

What is the hematocrit in a PRBC?

Answer 22

70%

Question 23

Consequences of RBC storage include:

Answer 23

Decreased 2,3-DPG
Decreased pH
Increased K
Hemolysis
Proinflammatory mediator production

Question 24

What does leukoradiation remove?

Answer 24

WBCs

Question 25

What does washing remove?

Answer 25

any remaining plasma

Question 26

Leukoradiation reduces the risk of:

Answer 26

HLA sensitization
Febrile non-hemolytic
CMV transmission

Question 27

Washing prevents:

Answer 27

Anaphylaxis in IgA deficient patients

Question 28

Irradiation destroys:

Answer 28

Donor leukocytes, reducing the risk of GVHD in transplant patients

Question 29

What are the most common infections transmitted through PRBCs ranked?

Answer 29

1. CMV
2. Hep B
3. Hep C
4. HIV

Question 30

What should you do if you suspect a transfusion reaction?

Answer 30

Give a fluid bolus to prevent renal occlusion
Give bicarb to alkalize the urine, which decreases Hgb precipitation

Question 31

An acute hemolytic reaction causes three processess:

Answer 31

1. Acute Tubular Necrosis
2. DIC from massive clotting activation
3. Hemodynamic instability from bradykinin release

Question 32

TRALI results from _____ in donor blood

Answer 32

HLA and neutrophil antibodies

Question 33

Which DONORS have a high risk of causing TRALI?

Answer 33

Multiparous Women
Those who’ve gotten a lot of transfusions
Organ transplant

Question 34

Is massive transfusion associated with acidosis or alkalosis?

Answer 34

ALKALOSIS

Citrate is metabolized to bicarb in the liver

Question 35

Is massive transfusion associated with hyper or hypo glycemia?

Answer 35

HYPER

Glucose in the blood to facilitate glycolysis

Question 36

What are contraindications to blood salvaging?

Answer 36

Sickle Cell
Thalassemia
Oncologic Procedures
Infected Surg Site

Question 36

What is the lethal triad?

Answer 36

Hypothermia
Coagulopathy
Acidosis

Question 37

What