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Apex > Airway Anatomy > Flashcards

Airway Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles?

A

Phonation and vocal cord movement

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2
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles?

A

support the larynx inside the neck and assist with swallowing

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3
Q

The true vocal cords are innervated by which nerve?

A

None. They are ligaments, not muscles

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4
Q

The true vocal cords attach to the _____ anteriorly and the _____ posteriorly

A

Thyroid

Arytenoids

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5
Q

Identify the pink muscle. List its action and innervation.

A

Cricothyroid

Elongates (tenses) vocal cords

External SLN

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6
Q

Identify the green muscle.

List its action and innervation.

A

Thyroarytenoid

Shortens (relaxes) vocal cords

ADDucts the vocal folds (closes the glottis)

RLN

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7
Q

Identify the green muscle.

List its action and innervation.

A

Thyroarytenoid

Shortens (relaxes) vocal cords

ADDucts the vocal folds (closes the glottis)

RLN

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8
Q

Identify the purple muscle.

List its action and innervation.

A

Vocalis

Shortens (relaxes) vocal cords

RLN

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9
Q

Identify the blue muscle.

List its action and innervation.

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

ADDucts vocal folds (closes glottis)

RLN

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10
Q

Identify the orange muscle.

List its action and innervation.

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

ABDucts the vocal folds (opens the glottis)

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11
Q

Identify the structure in the green box.

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

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12
Q

Identify the structure in the purple box.

A

Cuneiform Cartilage

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13
Q

Identify the structure in the blue box

A

Corniculate Cartilage

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14
Q

Identify the structures in pink.

List their function and innervation.

A

Interarytenoids (transverse and oblique)

Closes posterior commissure of the glottis

RLN

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15
Q

Identify the structure indicated by yellow arrows.

List its function and innervation.

A

Aryepiglottic

Closes the laryngeal vestibule

RLN

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16
Q

Which muscle(s) relax/shorten the vocal ligaments?

A

Vocalis

Thyroarytenoid (“They Relax”)

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17
Q

Which muscle(s) tense/elongate the vocal ligaments?

A

Cricothyroid

“Cords Tense”

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18
Q

Which muscle(s) ADDuct the vocal folds?

What is the outcome of this?

A

Thyroarytenoid

Lateral Cricothyroid

Narrowing the glottis

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19
Q

Which muscles function as sphincters?

A

Aryepiglottic (Closes laryngeal vestibule)

Interarytenoids (Closes posterior commissure of glottis)

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20
Q

Which muscles elevate the larynx?

Which muscles depress the larynx?

A
21
Q

Which muscle has both intrinsic and extrinsic actions?

A

Cricothyroid Mm

22
Q

Which muscles ABDuct the vocal cords?

A

Posterior Crico Arytenoids

“Please Come Apart”

23
Q

Which muscles ADDucts the vocal cords?

A

Lateral CricoArytenoid

(Let’s Close the Airway)

24
Q

The internal branch of the SLN is a _______ nerve.

The external branch of the SLN is a ______ nerve.

A

Sensory

Motor

25
Q

What does the internal branch of the SLN innervate?

A

provides sensory to the posterior side of the epiglottis to the top side of the vocal cords

NO MOTOR FUNCTION

26
Q

What does the external branch of the SLN innervate?

A

Provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid mm.

NO SENSORY FUNCTION

27
Q

The nerves of the airway arise from which three cranial nerves?

A

Trigeminal (V)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (XII)

28
Q

Identify the nerves marked.

A

These are the branches of the trigeminal nerve (yellow):

Purple: ophthalmic

Orange: Maxillary

Blue: Mandibular

29
Q

What does the lingual nerve innervate?

Trace its origin.

A

Sensory: Anterior ⅔ of the tongue

Trigeminal → Mandibular → Lingual

30
Q

What does the sphenopalatine nerve innervate?

Trace its origin.

A

SENSORY; Turbinates and posterior ⅔ of nasal septum

Trigeminal → Maxillary → Sphenopalatine

31
Q

The trigeminal nerve provides _____ innervation to the face

A

SENSORY

32
Q

What does the anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate? Trace its origin.

A

SENSORY: Nares and anterior ⅓ of nasal septum

Trigeminal → Ophthalmic → Anterior Ethmoidal

33
Q

The gag reflex is completed by two nerves:

Afferent limb:

Efferent limb:

A

Afferent: Glossopharyngeal (responds to soft palate stimulation)

Efferent: Vagus (causes pharyngeal constriction)

34
Q

Which nerves provides sensory innervation to the posterior ⅓ of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

35
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx and valecula?

A

Glossopharnygeal

36
Q

The Vagus Nerve branches into the:

A

Superior Laryngeal

Recurrent Laryngeal

37
Q

What is the function of the internal branch of the SLN?

A

SENSORY ONLY
Posterior side of the epiglottis to the level of the vocal cords

38
Q

What is the function of the external branch of the SLN?

A

MOTOR

Cricothyroid Muscles

39
Q

What would happen if the trunk of the SLN or its external branch are injured?

A

Hoarseness, but no respiratory distress

40
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation below the level of the folds?

A

The recurrent laryngeal

41
Q

Both recurrent laryngeal nerves branch off of the _______.

The R RLN loops under the ______

The L RLN loops under the ______

A

Vagus

Subclavian Artery

Aortic Arch

42
Q

Which RLN is more susceptible to injury?

A

The Left, because it is in the thorax

43
Q

What happens when unilateral RLN damage occurs?

A

Ipsilateral (same side) paralysis of ABDuctor motion cause unopposed ADDuctor motion, and that side will NOT OPEN

44
Q

In bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, why do the vocal cords snap shut?

A

The ADDucting motion of the posterior cricoarytenoids is unopposed, and causes the cords to snap shut

45
Q

Tongue movement is provided by which nerve?

A

Hypoglossal (CN 12)

46
Q

What tends to cause L RLN unilateral injury?

A

Stuff in the thorax:

L Atrial Enlargement (from mitral stenosis)

Aortic Arch Aneurysm

PDA ligation

Thoracic Tumor

47
Q

Which muscle serves as the “tuning fork” of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid

48
Q

Which RLN is injured in this patient?

A

The Left RLN

Apex (46 decks)

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