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Apex > Inhalation Agents > Flashcards

Inhalation Agents Flashcards

1
Q

How can you identify halogenated anesthetic molecules?

A
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2
Q

Isoflurane has a _______ atom, which increases ________

A

Chlorine

Potency

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3
Q

How does desflurane differ from isoflurane molecularly?

A

Instead of a chlorine atom, it has a fluoride atom

This decreases its potency and metabolism but increases its vapor pressure

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4
Q

How can you identify an ether?

A

The C-O-C crossbridge

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5
Q

List the ethers

A
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6
Q

List the alkanes

A
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7
Q

List the gases

A
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8
Q

What are the effects of full fluorination?

A
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9
Q
A

Desflurane

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10
Q
A

Sevo

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11
Q

Sevo is fully fluorinated. Why is it more potent than Desflurane?

A

Because it has a bulky propyl side chain

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12
Q
A

Isoflurane

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13
Q
A

Halothane

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14
Q

Stability refers to:

A

the ability of a compound to resist metabolism

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15
Q

Which anesthetic gas is unstable in hydrated soda lime?

A

Sevo. This is why it has minimum flow requirements.

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16
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Sevo?

A

157

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17
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Iso?

A

238

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18
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Desflurane?

A

669

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19
Q

What is the vapor pressure of nitrous?

A

38,770

20
Q

What is the boiling point of Sevo

A

59 degrees C

21
Q

What is the boiling point of Iso

A

49 degrees C

22
Q

What is the boiling point of Des

A

22 degrees C

23
Q

What is the molecular weight of Sevo?

A

200

24
Q

What is the molecular weight of Iso?

A

184

25
Q

What is the molecular weight of Des?

A

168

26
Q

What is the molecular weight of Nitrous?

A

44

27
Q

What is the boiling point of nitrous?

A

-88

28
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

partial pressure

29
Q

What is the blood:gas partition coefficient of Sevo?

A

0.65

30
Q

What is the blood:gas partition coefficient of Iso?

A

1.46

31
Q

What is the blood:gas partition coefficient of Des?

A

0.42

32
Q

What is the blood:gas partition coefficient of nitrous?

A

0.46

33
Q

Which factors increase FA/FI?

A
34
Q

How is rate of rise effected by solubility?

A
35
Q

In patients with R-to-L shunts, which agents are affected most?

A

Less soluble: more effected

36
Q

Do redheads have increased or decreased MAC?

A

Increased

37
Q

What is the Meyer Overton rule?

A

lipid solubility is directly proportional to potency

38
Q

What is the unitary hypothesis?

A

All anesthetics share a similar MOA, but may act at different sites

39
Q

Where do anesthetic gases produce immobility?

A

In the VENTRAL HORN of the spinal cord

40
Q

The most important sites of volatile anesthetic action in the spine are:

A

Glycine STIMULATION
NMDA INHIBITION
Na Channel INHIBITION

41
Q

In the brain, the most important site of volatile anesthetic action is:

A

GABA-A Agonism

42
Q

What is the MOA of the gases?

A

Nitrous and Xenon cause

NMDA Antagonism
Potassium 2P channel stimulation

43
Q

What effect do volatile anesthetics have on ECG?

A

Prolong QT

44
Q

Which agent impairs hypoxic drive the LEAST?

A

Des

45
Q

Why do halogenated agents depress hypoxic drive?

A

Because they produce ROSs that impair the cells of the carotid body

The ROSs are produced during METABOLISM, so drugs that undergo the least metabolism (des) produce the least hypoxic drive suppression

46
Q
A

Apex (46 decks)

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