Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards
Describe Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle
Describe Phase 1 of the cardiac cycle
Describe Phase 2 of the cardiac cycle
Describe Phase 3 of the cardiac cycle
Describe Phase 4 of the cardiac cycle
Which current is the primary determinant of SA node rate?
the funny current I-f
The SA node action potential has three phases:
What is “funny” about the funny current?
It’s activated by hyperpolarization, no depolarization
We can increase the heart rate by altering one of three variables:
- The slope of phase 4 increases
- The threshold potential becomes more negative
- The resting potential becomes less negative
How does SNS stimulation effect heart rate?
Decreases the slope of phase 4 by increasing Na and Ca conductance
How does PNS stimulation effect heart rate?
Increases the slope of phase 4 by increasing K conductance and lowering the resting membrane potential
What is the calculation for CaO2?
What is the calculation for DO2?
What is a normal VO2?
Approx. 250ml/min
OR
3.5ml/kg/min
How does vessel radius impact flow?
How does Reynold’s Number correlate with flow?
Flow through a vessel is described by which law?
Ohm’s Law
Flow= P. Gradient /Resistance
How can you calculate the MAP from CO, CVP, and SVR
How does the Law of Laplace apply to myocardial wall stress?
What is diastasis?
The middle third of diastole
What are the phases of the pressure volume cardiac loop?
How is the degree of systolic dysfunction categorized?
How does an increase in preload impact the PV loop?
How does a decrease in preload impact the PV loop?
How does an increase in inotropy impact the PV loop?
How does a decrease in inotropy impact the PV loop?
How does an increase in afterload impact the PV loop?
How does a decrease in afterload impact the PV loop?
Increase in preload
Increased inotropy
Increased afterload
decreased afterload
decreased contractility
decreased preload
What does the LAD perfuse?
Anterolateral and apical walls, anterior 2/3 of septal wall
What does the circumflex perfuse?
L atrium, lateral and posterior walls of LV
The Left Coronary divides into:
The LAD and CX
What does the RCA perfuse?
RA, RV, intratrial septum, posterior 1/3 of the septum
The SA and AV nodes are usually perfused by:
the RCA
The purkinje fibers and bundles of His are usually perfused by:
The Left coronary artery
Which vein runs parallel to the RCA?
Anterior cardiac vein
Which vein runs parallel to the LAD?
Great cardiac vein
Which vein runs parallel to the PDA?
Middle cardiac vein
The thebesian veins drain:
directly into the ventricles
Which leads correspond with the LAD?
Which leads correspond with the RCA?
Which leads correspond with the Cfx?
What is the best TEE view to diagnose ventricular dysfunction?
midpapillary muscles in short axis
What 2 pressures determine coronary perfusion pressure?
Aortic Diastolic - LVEDP
