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Apex > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle

A
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2
Q

Describe Phase 1 of the cardiac cycle

A
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3
Q

Describe Phase 2 of the cardiac cycle

A
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4
Q

Describe Phase 3 of the cardiac cycle

A
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5
Q

Describe Phase 4 of the cardiac cycle

A
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6
Q

Which current is the primary determinant of SA node rate?

A

the funny current I-f

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7
Q

The SA node action potential has three phases:

A
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8
Q

What is “funny” about the funny current?

A

It’s activated by hyperpolarization, no depolarization

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9
Q

We can increase the heart rate by altering one of three variables:

A
  1. The slope of phase 4 increases
  2. The threshold potential becomes more negative
  3. The resting potential becomes less negative
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10
Q

How does SNS stimulation effect heart rate?

A

Decreases the slope of phase 4 by increasing Na and Ca conductance

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11
Q

How does PNS stimulation effect heart rate?

A

Increases the slope of phase 4 by increasing K conductance and lowering the resting membrane potential

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12
Q

What is the calculation for CaO2?

A
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13
Q

What is the calculation for DO2?

A
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14
Q

What is a normal VO2?

A

Approx. 250ml/min
OR
3.5ml/kg/min

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15
Q

How does vessel radius impact flow?

A
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16
Q

How does Reynold’s Number correlate with flow?

A
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17
Q

Flow through a vessel is described by which law?

A

Ohm’s Law

Flow= P. Gradient /Resistance

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18
Q

How can you calculate the MAP from CO, CVP, and SVR

A
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19
Q

How does the Law of Laplace apply to myocardial wall stress?

A
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20
Q

What is diastasis?

A

The middle third of diastole

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21
Q

What are the phases of the pressure volume cardiac loop?

A
22
Q

How is the degree of systolic dysfunction categorized?

A
23
Q

How does an increase in preload impact the PV loop?

A
24
Q

How does a decrease in preload impact the PV loop?

A
25
Q

How does an increase in inotropy impact the PV loop?

A
26
Q

How does a decrease in inotropy impact the PV loop?

A
27
Q

How does an increase in afterload impact the PV loop?

A
28
Q

How does a decrease in afterload impact the PV loop?

A
29
Q
A

Increase in preload

30
Q
A

Increased inotropy

31
Q
A

Increased afterload

32
Q
A

decreased afterload

33
Q
A

decreased contractility

34
Q
A

decreased preload

35
Q

What does the LAD perfuse?

A

Anterolateral and apical walls, anterior 2/3 of septal wall

36
Q

What does the circumflex perfuse?

A

L atrium, lateral and posterior walls of LV

37
Q

The Left Coronary divides into:

A

The LAD and CX

38
Q

What does the RCA perfuse?

A

RA, RV, intratrial septum, posterior 1/3 of the septum

39
Q

The SA and AV nodes are usually perfused by:

A

the RCA

40
Q

The purkinje fibers and bundles of His are usually perfused by:

A

The Left coronary artery

41
Q

Which vein runs parallel to the RCA?

A

Anterior cardiac vein

42
Q

Which vein runs parallel to the LAD?

A

Great cardiac vein

43
Q

Which vein runs parallel to the PDA?

A

Middle cardiac vein

44
Q

The thebesian veins drain:

A

directly into the ventricles

45
Q

Which leads correspond with the LAD?

A
46
Q

Which leads correspond with the RCA?

A
47
Q

Which leads correspond with the Cfx?

A
48
Q

What is the best TEE view to diagnose ventricular dysfunction?

A

midpapillary muscles in short axis

49
Q

What 2 pressures determine coronary perfusion pressure?

A

Aortic Diastolic - LVEDP

50
Q
A

Apex (46 decks)

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