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Apex > Anesthesia Machine > Flashcards

Anesthesia Machine Flashcards

1
Q

The high pressure system begins at ______ and ends at _______

A

the cylinder
the cylinder regulator

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2
Q

The intermediate pressure system begins at ______ and ends at ________

A

pipeline
flowmeter VALVES

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3
Q

The low pressure system begins at ______ and ends at ________

A

Flowmeter TUBES
Common gas outlet

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4
Q

What does the low pressure leak test assess?

A

Integrity of the circuit from the flowmeters to the CGO. Requires the bulb.

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5
Q

What does the high pressure leak test assess?

A

The low pressure system AND the breathing circuit

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6
Q

The vaporizers are in the _______ system

A

low pressure

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7
Q

What are the five tasks of oxygen?

A
  1. O2 pressure alarm
  2. O2 failure device
  3. O2 flowmeter
  4. O2 flush
  5. Ventilator Drive Gas
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8
Q

What is the PISS configuration for air?

A

1,5

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9
Q

What is the PISS configuration for O2?

A

2, 5

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10
Q

What is the PISS configuration for N2O?

A

3,5

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11
Q

What is the service pressure in a nitrous tank?

A

745 psi

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12
Q

What is the service pressure in an air tank?

A

1900 psi

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13
Q

What is the service pressure in an O2 tank?

A

1900 psi

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14
Q

What is the max volume of O2 in a tank?

A

660 L

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15
Q

What is the max volume of air in a tank?

A

625 L

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16
Q

What is the max volume of nitrous in a tank?

A

1590 L

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17
Q

How do you calculate the amount of nitrous left in a tank from the PSI?

A

You can’t. You have to weigh it.

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18
Q

What are O2 tank safety relief valves?

A

Allow the cylinder to slowly empty its contents if it’s exposed to extreme temperatures

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19
Q

What are some examples of O2 safety relief valves?

A

Wood’s metal:

Bismuth
Lead
Tin
Cadmium

(BLT with Cheese)

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20
Q

The oxygen pressure failure device activates when:

A

Supply line pressure is less than 20 psi

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21
Q

The oxygen fail safe device resides in the _______ system

A

intermediate

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22
Q

The oxygen failsafe device does two things:

A
  1. Alarms when O2 pressure falls below 20 psi
  2. Shuts off Nitrous flow when O2 pressure falls below 20 psi
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23
Q

There are two times when an O2 failsafe device will allow a hypoxic mixture:

A
  1. Oxygen pipeline crossover
  2. Flowmeter Leak (it’s upstream from the flowmeter, so it won’t detect if oxygen is leaking out there)
24
Q

What is the hypoxia prevention safety device?

A

This is the one that automatically reduces nitrous when O2 is reduced.

Keeps a 3:1 ratio of nitrous to oxygen

25
Q

When will the hypoxia prevention safety device fail to alarm?

A
  1. Pipeline crossover
  2. Leak DISTAL to the flowmeter VALVES
  3. Administration of a third gas (helium)
  4. Defective pneumatic parts
26
Q

What’s the difference between the oxygen pressure failure device and the hypoxia prevention safety device?

A
27
Q

Which type of flowmeter float is read in the middle?

A

The ball

All the others are read at the top

28
Q

A traditional flowmeter is also known as:

A

a Thorpe tube

29
Q

The internal diameter of a thorpe tube is:

A

Narrowest at the base, and widens along its ascent

30
Q

What is the annular space in a flowmeter?

A

The area between the float and side wall of the tube

31
Q

How does low vs. high flow through a flowmeter impact flow dynamics?

A
32
Q

The O2 flowmeter should be positioned:

A

Closest to the manifold outlet. In the US, this is on the far right

33
Q

What’s the calculation for FiO2 using air and O2?

A
34
Q

How do you calculate FiO2 with a nasal cannula?

A

The first liter is 3%

35
Q

What is “fresh gas coupling”

A

When fresh gas flow is added to the set tidal volume administered, so the actual Vt i

36
Q

What is the calculation for Vt with fresh gas coupling?

A
37
Q

In machines that couple fresh gas flow, what vent changes will INCREASE Vt?

A
38
Q

In machines that couple fresh gas flow, what vent changes will DECREASE Vt?

A
39
Q

How do you calculate the volume lost to circuit compliance?

A

The compliance of the circuit x the peak pressure, then subtract that amount from the Vt

40
Q

How does elevation effect desflurane vaporizer settings?

A
41
Q

Where does the oxygen analyzer reside?

A

The inspiratory limb of the breathing circuit

42
Q

How do galvanic fuel cell oxygen analyzers work?

A
43
Q

How do paramagnetic oxygen analyzers work?

A
44
Q

What should you do when the oxygen analyzer alarm goes off?

A

ASSUME THERE IS A PIPELINE CROSSOVER

Disconnect the pipeline and open the O2 tank

45
Q

Pressing the O2 flush valve exposes the circuit to a flow of _________

A

35-75 L/min

46
Q

Pressing the O2 flush valves exposes the circuit to a pressure of __________

A

Pipeline pressure…
~ 50 psi

47
Q

What two functions does the drive gas perform in a pneumatic ventilator?

A
  1. Compresses the bellows
  2. Opens and closes the ventilator spill valve
48
Q

What is the position of the ventilator spill valve during inspiration?

A

Closed

Ensures the tidal volume goes to the patient and not the scavenging system

49
Q

What are two complications caused by overuse of the O2 flush valve?

A

Barotrauma
Awakening

50
Q

Why are ascending bellows considered safer?

A

Because descending bellows continue to rise and fall even if there is a circuit disconnect

51
Q

A leak in the bellows can cause:

A

Barotrauma
A decrease in inspired anesthetic concentration

52
Q

What are the benefits of using calcium hydroxide rather than soda lime?

A

No CO production
No Compound A production
Lower fire risk

53
Q

What are the drawbacks to using calcium hydroxide?

A

Lower absorption capacity
More frequent replacement
Higher cost

54
Q

According to OSHA, nitrous oxide levels in the air should be less than:

A

25 ppm when administered alone

55
Q

According to OSHA, halogenated anesthetic levels should be less than:

A

2ppm if administered alone
0.5ppm if administered with nitrous oxide

56
Q
A

Apex (46 decks)

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