Congenital Heart Defects

Question 1

There are 9 physiologic states that increase PVR

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the hemodynamic goals with Cyanotic Defects?

Answer 2

Maintain SVR
Decrease PVR

Question 3

List the cyanotic heart defects

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the hemodynamic goals with acyanotic defects?

Answer 4

Avoid an increased SVR
Avoid decreasing PVR

Question 5

List the acyanotic heart defects

Answer 5

Question 6

What is Eisenmenger syndrome?

Answer 6

When a kid with a L to R shunt suddenly develops pHTN and the shunt reverses

Question 7

Which defects are associated with ToF?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the best induction agent for ToF?

Answer 8

Ketamine

Question 9

Which IV anesthetics should be avoided with ToF

Answer 9

Anything with histamine release

Question 10

Perioperative treatment of Tet spells includes:

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the hemodynamic goals in the patient with ToF?

Answer 11

Question 12

What ECG change may be present with ToF?

Answer 12

R axis deviation

Question 13

How will the ToF heart appear on CXR?

Answer 13

Boot shaped

Question 14

80% of all ASDs occur where?

Answer 14

In the middle of the atrial septum. Called “secundum”

Question 15

What is the most common type of VSD?

Answer 15

Perimembranous, in the middle of the septum

Question 16

What is the most common cardiac anomaly in children?

Answer 16

VSD

Question 17

Which type of Coarctation is usually seen in neonates?

Answer 17

Question 18

Which syndrome is strongly associated with coaractation of the aorta?

Answer 18

Turner syndrome

Question 19

In severe CoA, perfusion of the lower body relies on:

Answer 19

A patent PDA

Question 20

What are two hallmark signs of CoA?

Answer 20

Systolic BP in UE is higher than in LE

Differential cyanosis

Question 21

Describe Ebstein’s Anomaly

Answer 21

Question 22

Describe Transposition of the great arteries

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Ebstein Anomaly

Question 24

Answer 24

Transposition of Great Arteries

Question 25

Answer 25

Hypoplastic L Heart