Cardiac Monitors

Question 1

Conduction velocity is effected by:

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe the ECG and electrolyte movements of phase 0 of the cardiac conduction cycle

Answer 2

Depolarization (the QRS)
Sodium moves IN

Question 3

Describe the ECG and electrolyte movements of phase 1 of the cardiac conduction cycle

Answer 3

Initial repolarization (QRS)
Cl moves in
K moves out

Question 4

Describe the ECG and electrolyte movements of phase 2 of the cardiac conduction cycle

Answer 4

The plateau (ST segment)
Ca moves in
K moves out

Question 5

Describe the ECG and electrolyte movements of phase 3 of the cardiac conduction cycle

Answer 5

Final repolarization (T wave)
Potassium out

Question 6

Describe the ECG and electrolyte movements of phase 4 of the cardiac conduction cycle

Answer 6

Resting phase (end of T wave to the beginning of the QRS)
K slowly leaks

Question 7

Where do you measure ST changes?

Answer 7

Question 8

How does hyperkalemia impact the ECG?

Answer 8

Narrow and Peaked T
Short QT
Wide QRS
Low P amplitude
Wide PR
Nodal Block

Question 9

How does hypokalemia impact the ECG?

Answer 9

U wave
ST depression
Flat T wave
Long QT interval

Question 10

How does hypocalcemia impact the ECG?

Answer 10

Lengthened QT

Question 11

How does hypercalcemia impact the ECG?

Answer 11

Shortened QT

Question 12

Which leads correlate with the RCA?

Answer 12

II, III, aVF

Question 13

Which leads correlate with the Circumflex?

Answer 13

I, aVL, V5, V6

Question 14

Which leads correlate with the LCA?

Answer 14

V1-V4

Question 15

Name the bipolar leads

Answer 15

I, II, III

Question 16

Name the limb leads

Answer 16

aVR, aVL, aVF

Question 17

Name the precordial leads

Answer 17

V1-V6

Question 18

The mean electrical vector points away from:

Answer 18

ischemia

Question 19

The mean electrical vector points toward:

Answer 19

hypertrophy

Question 20

How do you determine right axis deviation?

Answer 20

QRS deflection:
Lead I -
aVF +

Question 21

How do you determine left axis deviation?

Answer 21

QRS deflection:
Lead I +
aVF -

Question 22

How do you determine extreme right axis deviation?

Answer 22

QRS deflection
Lead I -
aVF -

Question 23

What does normal axis look like on an ECG?

Answer 23

QRS deflection:
Lead 1 +
aVF +

Question 24

What causes right axis deviation?

Answer 24

Anything that increases right heart workload:

COPD
Bronchospasm
Cor Pulmonale
PE

Question 25

What causes left axis deviation?

Answer 25

Anything that increases left heart workload:

Chronic HTN
LBBB
Ao Stenosis/Regurg
Mitral Regurg

Question 26

A normal axis is between:

Answer 26

-30 and +90

Question 27

What is the MOA of Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs?

Answer 27

inhibit fast sodium channels

Question 28

What is the MOA of Class 2 antiarrhythmic drugs?

Answer 28

decrease the rate of depolarization
(beta blockers)

Question 29

What is the MOA of Class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs?

Answer 29

inhibit potassium channels

Question 30

What is the MOA of Class 4 antiarrhythmic drugs?

Answer 30

inhibit slow calcium channels

Question 31

WPW occurs when:

Answer 31

An accessory pathway joins the atrium to the ventricle

Question 32

A reentrant pathway can be caused by:

Answer 32

slowing conduction velocity
OR
Increasing the refractory period

Question 33

Conditions that increase occurrence of tachyarrhythmias include:

Answer 33

L atrial dilation
Ischemia
Hyperkalemia
Epinephrine

Question 34

What accessory conduction pathway is implicated in WPW?

Answer 34

Kent’s Bundle

Question 35

What electrolyte abnormalities prolong the QT?

Answer 35

Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia

Question 36

How does a magnetic impact pacemakers vs. ICDs?

Answer 36