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Apex > Airway Management > Flashcards

Airway Management Flashcards

1
Q

How do you correctly perform a Mallampati exam?

A

Sit upright
Extend the neck
Open the mouth wide
Stick out the tongue
DO NOT PHONATE

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2
Q

What structures are seen with each Mallampati score?

A
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3
Q

Which congenital disease are associated with cervical spine abnormalities?

A

“Kids Try Gold”
Klippel Feil
Trisomy 21
Goldenhar

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4
Q

What are the three causes of angioedema?

A
  1. Anaphylaxis
  2. ACE Inhibitors
  3. C1 esterase deficiency
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5
Q

What is the treatment for angioedema caused by anaphylaxis?

A

Epinephrine
Antihistamines
Steroids

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6
Q

Why do ACE inhibitors cause angioedema?

A

ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin -> increased inflammatory response

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7
Q

What is the treatment for angioedema caused by ACE inhibitors?

A

Icatibant
Ecallantide
FFP
C1 esterase

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8
Q

What is the treatment for hereditary angioedema?

A

C1 esterase concentrate
FFP
Icatibant

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9
Q

What is Ludwig’s Angina?

A

Cellulitis on the mouth floor due to bacterial infection

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10
Q

What is the best approach to intubating someone with Ludwig’s Angina

A

Awake nasal intubation
OR
Awake Trach

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11
Q

Which congenital conditions cause a big tongue?

A

“Big Tongue”
Beckwith
Trisomy 21

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12
Q

Which congenital abnormalities cause an underdeveloped mandible?

A

“Please Get That Chin”
Pierre Robin
Goldenhar
Treacher Collins
Cri du Chat

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13
Q

What are the airway characteristics of Pierre Robin?

A

Micrognathia
Glossoptosis (tongue that falls back and downward)
Cleft Palate

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14
Q

What are the airway characteristics of Treacher Collins?

A
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15
Q

What are the airway characteristics associated with Trisomy 21?

A
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16
Q

What are the airway characteristics associated with Klippel Feil?

A

Fused cervical vertebrae

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17
Q

What are the airway characteristics associated with Goldenhar?

A

Micrognathia
Cervical spine abnormalities

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18
Q

What are the airway characteristics associated with Beckwith Syndrome?

A

Large tongue

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19
Q

What are the airway characteristics associated with Cri du Chat?

A

Micrognathia
Laryngomalacia
Stridor

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20
Q

What airway management technique is contraindicated in patients with Ludwig’s Angina?

A

Retrograde intubation

Could spread the infection

21
Q

The sniffing position consists of:

A

Cervical Flexion
Atlanto-Occipital Extension

22
Q

What is a Lefort 1 fracture?

A
23
Q

What is a Lefort 2 fracture?

A
24
Q

What is a Lefort 3 fracture?

A
25
Q

Where is the cribiform plate?

A
26
Q

Name three fractures that lead to cribiform plate injury

A

Lefort 2
Lefort 3
Basilar

27
Q

Tracheal cuff pressure should never exceed _____cm H20

A

25

28
Q

What are the benefits of a low volume high pressure cuff?

A

Better protection against aspiration
Lower incidence of sore throat
Easier visualization during intubation

29
Q

Which types of tubes have low volume high pressure cuffs?

A

Red rubber tubes
Bronchial blockers
Fastrachs

30
Q

How do you measure the measure on a low volume high pressure cuff?

A

You can’t

31
Q

What is the maximum cuff pressure for an LMA?

A

60

32
Q

How much air should be placed in an LMA 5 cuff?

A

40ml
Its always the number -1 x 10
LMA 3 = 20
LMA 4 = 30

33
Q
A

LMA C Trach

34
Q
A
35
Q
A
36
Q

What should you do if you see gastric secretions in the LMA?

A
37
Q
A

Combitube

38
Q

How is a combitube placed?

A
  1. Blindly inserted
  2. Inflate the proximal cuff (oropharyngeal) with 40-100 ml
  3. Inflate the distal cuff (esophagus) with 10ml
39
Q
A

King

40
Q
A

Bullard

41
Q

What are the indications for a Bullard laryngoscope?

A
42
Q

Why would you ever use a Bullard instead of an FOB?

A

It’s usually faster than fiberoptic, but the learning curve is high

43
Q

Can a Bullard be used in children?

A

Yes, it comes in pediatric sizes

44
Q

What are disadvantages to using a lighted stylet?

A

Difficult in patients with a thick, short neck
Not useful in an emergency
Should not be used in epiglottitis, tumor, swelling etc.

45
Q

What are the benefits to using a lighted stylet?

A
46
Q

What are indications for retrograde intubation?

A

Unstable cervical spine
Upper airway bleeding
Failed awake intubation

47
Q

What is an absolute contraindication to jet ventilation through a needle?

A

Upper airway obstruction, because exhalation is passive and cannot pass through the needle

48
Q
A

Apex (46 decks)

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