ANS Pharm & Patho Flashcards
Name two synthetic catecholamines
Isoproterenol
Dobutamine
Name two synthetic non-catecholamines
Phenylephrine
Ephedrine
What enzyme metabolizes phenylephrine?
MAO
How does epinephrine effect vascular tone?
Depends on which receptor type is dominant in the tissue
Organs with a higher number of B2 receptors (skeletal muscle) will vasodilate
Organs with higher number of alpha 1 receptors (mesentery) will vasoconstrict
How is epinephrine dose dependent?
Low dose: beta adrenergic
High dose: alpha adrenergic
Systemic vasoconstriction is more intense with NE or Epi?
NE
Isoproterenol is derived from _______
Dopamine
How does isoproterenol compare to epinephrine?
It has 2-3x the potency and no alpha action
Why don’t we use isoproterenol anymore?
It’s highly arrhythmogenic and we now have drugs that do a better job
Is the SNS or the PNS activated by nicotine?
Both! Nn receptors are located at all ganglia
In areas with both SNS and PNS innervation, the effect is negligible
But in blood vessels, which have no PNS innervation, the result is unchecked SNS stimulation
What is Methacholine?
M3 agonist. Evokes bronchoconstriction. Used to diagnose reactive airway disease
What is Bethanachol?
M3 specific agonist, used in treating urinary retention
Which muscarinic antagonist(s) cross the BBB?
Atropine and Scopolamine
Glyco does not because it is a quaternary amine rather than a tertiary amine
What is the treatment for anticholinergic overdose?
Physostigmine
Dromotropic agents effect ________
conduction speed
There are three classes of calcium channel blockers:
Dihydropyridines (all the -idipines)
Benzothiazepines (dilt)
Phenylalkylamines (Verapamil)
Ca Channel blockers ______ myocardial oxygen consumption
Decrease
Ca Channel blockers impair contractility in this order:
Verapamil
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
Nicardipine
Which CCBs cause tachycardia?
Nifedipine and Nicardipine
BECAUSE the are arterial vasodilators but lack the cardiac suppression seen with Verapamil or dilt
Which type of calcium channels do CCBs inhibit?
L type
Name three direct vasodilators:
Nitroglycerin
Hydralazine
Nipride
What is the MOA of nitroglycerin?
Liberation of NO
