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Apex > ANS Pharm & Patho > Flashcards

ANS Pharm & Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Name two synthetic catecholamines

A

Isoproterenol
Dobutamine

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2
Q

Name two synthetic non-catecholamines

A

Phenylephrine
Ephedrine

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3
Q

What enzyme metabolizes phenylephrine?

A

MAO

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4
Q

How does epinephrine effect vascular tone?

A

Depends on which receptor type is dominant in the tissue

Organs with a higher number of B2 receptors (skeletal muscle) will vasodilate

Organs with higher number of alpha 1 receptors (mesentery) will vasoconstrict

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5
Q

How is epinephrine dose dependent?

A

Low dose: beta adrenergic

High dose: alpha adrenergic

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6
Q

Systemic vasoconstriction is more intense with NE or Epi?

A

NE

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7
Q

Isoproterenol is derived from _______

A

Dopamine

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8
Q

How does isoproterenol compare to epinephrine?

A

It has 2-3x the potency and no alpha action

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9
Q

Why don’t we use isoproterenol anymore?

A

It’s highly arrhythmogenic and we now have drugs that do a better job

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10
Q

Is the SNS or the PNS activated by nicotine?

A

Both! Nn receptors are located at all ganglia

In areas with both SNS and PNS innervation, the effect is negligible

But in blood vessels, which have no PNS innervation, the result is unchecked SNS stimulation

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11
Q

What is Methacholine?

A

M3 agonist. Evokes bronchoconstriction. Used to diagnose reactive airway disease

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11
Q

What is Bethanachol?

A

M3 specific agonist, used in treating urinary retention

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11
Q

Which muscarinic antagonist(s) cross the BBB?

A

Atropine and Scopolamine

Glyco does not because it is a quaternary amine rather than a tertiary amine

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12
Q

What is the treatment for anticholinergic overdose?

A

Physostigmine

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13
Q

Dromotropic agents effect ________

A

conduction speed

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14
Q

There are three classes of calcium channel blockers:

A

Dihydropyridines (all the -idipines)
Benzothiazepines (dilt)
Phenylalkylamines (Verapamil)

15
Q

Ca Channel blockers ______ myocardial oxygen consumption

A

Decrease

16
Q

Ca Channel blockers impair contractility in this order:

A

Verapamil
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
Nicardipine

17
Q

Which CCBs cause tachycardia?

A

Nifedipine and Nicardipine

BECAUSE the are arterial vasodilators but lack the cardiac suppression seen with Verapamil or dilt

18
Q

Which type of calcium channels do CCBs inhibit?

A

L type

19
Q

Name three direct vasodilators:

A

Nitroglycerin
Hydralazine
Nipride

20
Q

What is the MOA of nitroglycerin?

A

Liberation of NO

Apex (46 decks)

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