TPO49

Question 1

New World

Answer 1

🔹The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas.

Question 2

slump

Answer 2

🔹sit, lean, or fall heavily and limply.
🔸she slumped against the cushions

🔹undergo a sudden severe or prolonged fall in price, value, or amount; plummet
🔸land prices slumped

Question 3

fabric

Answer 3

🔹cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibres; cloth
پارچه
🔸heavy cream fabric

🔹the walls, floor, and roof of a building.
🔸decay and neglect are slowly eating away at the building’s fabric

Question 4

sheer

Answer 4

🔹nothing other than; unmitigated (used for emphasis); utter; plain
🔸she giggled with sheer delight

🔹(especially of a cliff or wall) perpendicular or nearly so.
🔸the sheer ice walls

🔹a very fine or diaphanous fabric or article.
🔸I put up the new curtains and sheers

Question 5

tumble

Answer 5

🔹fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong.
🔸she pitched forward, tumbling down the remaining stairs

🔹move or rush in a headlong or uncontrolled way.
🔸police and dogs tumbled from the vehicle

🔹fall rapidly in amount or value.
🔸property prices tumbled

🔹rumple; disarrange.
چروک کردن- مچاله کردن
🔸he slept fitfully for the third night in a row, tumbling the covers about him as he tried to get comfortable

Question 6

gnaw

Answer 6

🔹bite at or nibble something persistently; chew
🔸watching a dog gnaw at a big bone

🔹bite at or nibble (something) so as to wear it away; erode
🔸the grubs tunnel into the wood and gnaw it away

🔹cause persistent distress or anxiety.
🔸the doubts continued to gnaw at me

Question 7

inland

Answer 7

🔹situated in the interior of a country rather than on the coast; interior; non-coastal
🔸the inland port of Gloucester

🔹carried on within the limits of a country; domestic; domestic; internal
🔸a network of waterways that allowed inland trade

🔹the parts of a country remote from the sea or frontiers; the interior.

Question 8

glacier

Answer 8

🔹a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.
یخچال طبیعی

Question 9

far-reaching

Answer 9

🔹having important and widely applicable effects or implications; extensive; wide-ranging; radical
🔸a series of far-reaching political reforms

Question 10

flora

Answer 10

🔹the plants of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
🔸Britain’s native flora

Question 11

fauna

Answer 11

🔹the animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
🔸the flora and fauna of Siberia

Question 12

insular

Answer 12

🔹ignorant of or uninterested in cultures, ideas, or peoples outside one’s own experience; narrow-minded
🔸a stubbornly insular farming people

🔹lacking contact with other people; isolated
🔸people living restricted and sometimes insular existences

🔹relating to or from an island.
🔸goods of insular origin

🔹(of climate) equable because of the influence of the sea.

Question 13

uplift

Answer 13

🔹lift (something) up; raise; boost
🔸her uplifted face

🔹(of an island, mountain, etc.) be created by an upward movement of the earth’s surface.
🔸the mountains were uplifted during the Jurassic period

🔹elevate (someone) morally or spiritually; inspiring
🔸people leave my shows feeling uplifted

Question 14

dune

Answer 14

🔹a mound or ridge of sand or other loose sediment formed by the wind, especially on the sea coast or in a desert.
تپه شنی
🔸a sand dune

Question 15

topography

Answer 15

🔹the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
🔸the topography of the island

🔹a detailed description or representation on a map of the physical features of an area.
plural noun: topographies

🔹(ANATOMY•BIOLOGY) the distribution of parts or features on the surface of or within an organ or organism.

Question 16

mollusc

Answer 16

🔹an invertebrate of a large phylum which includes snails, slugs, mussels, and octopuses. They have a soft unsegmented body and live in aquatic or damp habitats, and most kinds have an external calcareous shell.
نرم تن

Question 17

divide

Answer 17

🔹allocate (different parts of one’s time or efforts) to different activities or places.
🔸the last years of her life were divided between Bermuda and Paris

🔹form a boundary between (two people or things).
🔸glass panels divide the bar from the TV room

🔹(of a legislative assembly) separate or be separated into two groups for voting.
🔸the House divided: Ayes 287, Noes 196

🔹disagree or cause to disagree.
🔸the question had divided Frenchmen since the Revolution

Question 18

movable

Answer 18

🔹(of a feast or festival) variable in date from year to year; variable
🔸a perpetual calendar for all religious feasts, both fixed and movable

🔹property or possessions not including land or buildings.
🔸in many cases the movables are the facilities and stock-in-trade of a business

Question 19

antiquity

Answer 19

🔹the ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
🔸the great civilizations of antiquity

🔹an object, building, or work of art from the ancient past; antique
🔸a collection of Islamic antiquities

🔹great age.
🔸a church of great antiquity

قدمت

Question 20

parchment

Answer 20

🔹a stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal, usually a sheep or goat, and used as a durable writing surface in ancient and medieval times.
کاغذ پوستی
🔸he borrowed a quill and a piece of parchment

Question 21

calf

Answer 21

🔹گوساله

Question 22

pumice

Answer 22

🔹سنگ پا- سنگ خارا

Question 23

pulp

Answer 23

🔹a soft, wet, shapeless mass of material.
🔸boiling with soda will reduce your peas to pulp

🔹the soft fleshy part of a fruit.

تفاله

🔹popular or sensational writing that is regarded as being of poor quality; rubbishy
🔸the story is a mix of pulp fiction and Greek tragedy

Question 24

vellum

Answer 24

🔹fine parchment made originally from the skin of a calf.
پوست گوساله- کاغذ پوست گوساله
🔸we passed a shop offering fine parchments and even finer vellums

Question 25

mill

Answer 25

🔹a building equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour.

🔹a piece of machinery for grinding grain.
🔸a direct steam-driven flour mill

🔹a domestic device for grinding a solid substance to powder; grinder
🔸a pepper mill

🔹a factory fitted with machinery for a particular manufacturing process.
🔸a steel mill

🔹a piece of manufacturing machinery.

Question 26

contract

Answer 26

🔹decrease in size, number, or range; shrink
🔸glass contracts as it cools

🔹(of a muscle) become shorter and tighter in order to effect movement of part of the body.
🔸the heart contracts about seventy times a minute

🔹shorten (a word or phrase) by combination or elision; abbreviate
🔸these sources were called quasistellar objects, which was soon contracted to quasar

🔹enter into a formal and legally binding agreement.
🔸the local authority will contract with a wide range of agencies to provide services

🔹secure specified rights or undertake specified obligations in a formal and legally binding agreement.
🔸a buyer may contract for the right to withhold payment

🔹impose an obligation on (someone) to do something by means of a formal agreement.
🔸health authorities contract a hospital to treat a specific number of patients

🔹arrange for work to be done by another organization.
🔸local authorities will have to contract out waste management

🔹formally enter into (a marriage).
🔸kings obtained dispensations to enable them to contract politically advantageous matches

🔹enter into (a friendship or other relationship).
🔸the patterns of social relationships contracted by men and women differ

🔹catch or develop (a disease or infectious agent).
🔸three people contracted a killer virus

🔹become liable to pay (a debt).
🔸he contracted a debt of £3,300

Question 27

lag

Answer 27

🔹fail to keep up with another or others in movement or development; fall behind
🔸they waited for Tim who was lagging behind

Question 28

goldsmith

Answer 28

🔹a person who makes gold articles.

زرگر

Question 29

letterpress

Answer 29

🔹printed text as opposed to illustrations.

🔸the letterpress accompanying the illustrations

Question 30

merit

Answer 30

🔹the quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward.
🔸composers of outstanding merit

🔹a good feature or point.
plural noun: merits
🔸the relative merits of both approaches have to be considered

🔹a pass grade in an examination denoting above-average performance.
🔸if you expect to pass, why not go for a merit or a distinction?

🔹(LAW) the intrinsic rights and wrongs of a case, outside of any other considerations.
plural noun: merits
🔸a plaintiff who has a good arguable case on the merits

🔹(THEOLOGY) good deeds entitling someone to a future reward from God.

🔹deserve or be worthy of (reward, punishment, or attention).
🔸the results have been encouraging enough to merit further investigation

Question 31

wear out

Answer 31

🔹use or be used until no longer in good condition or working order; deteriorate
کهنه و فرسوده شدن
🔸wearing out the stair carpet

🔹to make someone feel extremely tired; exhaust

Question 32

mold

Answer 32

🔹a hollow container used to give shape to molten or hot liquid material when it cools and hardens.
🔸the smith would pour the molten metal into the shaped mould

🔹a distinctive and typical style, form, or character.
🔸he’s a superb striker in the same mould as Gary Lineker

🔹a furry growth of minute fungi occurring typically in moist warm conditions, especially on food or other organic matter.
🔸mould may flourish unhindered

🔹soft loose earth.
🔸the ground was soft and damp, with old leaves thick in the mould

🔹the upper soil of cultivated land, especially when rich in organic matter.
🔸gravel and sand over clay, topped by fine vegetable mould

Question 33

screw

Answer 33

🔹پیچ

Question 34

rudimentary

Answer 34

🔹involving or limited to basic principles; basic; elementary;
🔸he received a rudimentary education

🔹relating to an immature, undeveloped, or basic form; primitive; crude
🔸a rudimentary stage of evolution

Question 35

strike

Answer 35

🔹insert (a cutting of a plant) in soil to take root.
🔸best results are obtained from striking them in a propagator

🔹(of a plant or cutting) develop roots.
🔸small conifers will strike from cuttings

🔹take down (a tent or the tents of an encampment).
🔸it took ages to strike camp

🔹move or proceed vigorously or purposefully.
🔸she struck out into the lake with a practised crawl

🔹reach, achieve, or agree to (something involving agreement, balance, or compromise).
🔸the team has struck a deal with a sports marketing agency

Question 36

momentum

Answer 36

🔹the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.
تکانه

🔹the impetus and driving force gained by the development of a process or course of events; energy; impetus; drive
🔸the investigation gathered momentum in the spring

Question 37

take on

Answer 37

🔹to start to employ someone; hire
🔸We’re taking on 50 new staff this year.

🔹to agree to do some work or be responsible for something
🔸Don’t take on too much work – the extra cash isn’t worth it.

🔹to begin to have a particular quality or appearance
🔸Her face took on a fierce expression.

🔹to compete against someone or start a fight with someone, especially someone bigger or better than you
🔸Nigeria will take on Argentina in the first round of the World Cup on Saturday.

🔹if a plane or ship takes on people or things, they come onto it
🔸We stopped to take on fuel.

Question 38

spring up

Answer 38

🔹to suddenly appear or start to exist

🔸Fast-food restaurants are springing up all over town.

Question 39

monastic

Answer 39

🔹relating to monks, nuns, or others living under religious vows, or the buildings in which they live.
🔸a monastic order

🔹resembling or suggestive of monks or their way of life, especially in being austere, solitary, or celibate.

🔹a monk or other follower of a monastic rule.

رهبانی

Question 40

rivalry

Answer 40

🔹competition

Question 41

typeface

Answer 41

🔹حروفچینی

🔸you’re reading a typeface called Dutch

Question 42

sneer

Answer 42

🔹smile or speak in a contemptuous or mocking manner; redicule
🔸she had sneered at their bad taste

Question 43

initiative

Answer 43

🔹the ability to assess and initiate things independently.
🔸use your initiative, imagination, and common sense

🔹the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do.
🔸anti-hunting groups have seized the initiative in the dispute

🔹an act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something.
🔸a new initiative against car crime

ابتکار عمل

Question 44

artistry

Answer 44

🔹creative skill or ability.
هنرمندی- استعداد هنری
🔸the of the pianist

Question 45

step up

Answer 45

🔹step something ↔ up to increase the amount of an activity or the speed of a process in order to improve a situation
🔸The health department is stepping up efforts to reduce teenage smoking.

🔹(also step up to the plate) to agree to help someone or to be responsible for doing something
🔸Residents will have to step up if they want to rid this area of crime.

Question 46

breakthrough

Answer 46

🔹a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development; development; advance
🔸a major breakthrough in DNA research

🔹an instance of achieving success in a particular sphere or activity.
🔸his big breakthrough came in 1988 when he had two paintings accepted by the RSA

Question 47

cottage industry

Answer 47

🔹a small business in which people work in their own homes

Question 48

peasant

Answer 48

🔹a poor smallholder or agricultural labourer of low social status (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).
دهقان
🔸peasant farmers

Question 49

tariff

Answer 49

🔹a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports; tax; toll
تعرفه
🔸the reduction of trade barriers and import tariffs

Question 50

entrepreneur

Answer 50

🔹a person who sets up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit; businessman
کارآفرین
🔸many entrepreneurs see potential in this market

Question 51

thrift

Answer 51

🔹the quality of using money and other resources carefully and not wastefully.
صرفه جویی
🔸the values of thrift and self-reliance

Question 52

rotation

Answer 52

🔹the passing of a privilege or responsibility to each member of a group in a regularly recurring order.
🔸it has become common for senior academics to act as heads of department in rotation”

🔹the growing of different crops in succession on a piece of land to avoid exhausting the soil and to control weeds, pests, and diseases.
noun: crop rotation; plural noun: crop rotations
🔸traditional practices such as crop rotation

Question 53

fen

Answer 53

🔹a low and marshy or frequently flooded area of land; marsh
مرداب
🔸a native species of fens and damp meadows

Question 54

fence

Answer 54

🔹surround or protect with a fence; enclose; surround; girdle; encompass; circumscribe
🔸our garden was not fully fenced

🔹enclose or separate an area with a fence.
🔸a small plantation of young trees had been fenced off

🔹use a barrier to exclude someone or something.
🔸walkers may find themselves fenced out of the moor

🔹engage in the sport of fencing.
شمشیربازی

🔹conduct a discussion or argument in an evasive way.
🔸twelve months of fencing with McLaren had taken a toll on his nerves

Question 55

pasture

Answer 55

🔹land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep.
مراتع
🔸areas of rich meadow pasture

🔹used to refer to a person’s situation in life.
🔸she left the office for pastures new

🔹put (animals) to graze in a pasture.
🔸they pastured their cows in the water meadow
🔹(of animals) graze.
🔸the livestock pastured and the crops grew

Question 56

parcel

Answer 56

🔹an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper in order to be carried or sent by post; package
بسته
🔸the lorry was carrying a large number of Royal Mail parcels

🔹a quantity or amount of something, especially as dealt with in one commercial transaction.
🔸a parcel of shares

🔹a piece of land, especially one considered as part of an estate.
🔸she decided to divide her property into three parcels and invite sealed bids

🔹make (something) into a parcel by wrapping it; pack
🔸he parcelled up the goods and sent them back

🔹divide into portions and then distribute.
🔸the farmers argue that parcelling out commercial farmland in small plots will reduce productivity

Question 57

acre

Answer 57

🔹هکتار

Question 58

flock

Answer 58

🔹a number of birds of one kind feeding, resting, or travelling together.
🔸a flock of gulls

🔹a number of domestic animals, especially sheep, goats, or geese, that are kept together; herd
🔸a flock of sheep

🔹a large number or crowd of people.
🔸a flock of paparazzi tailed them all over London