TPO40 Flashcards
blend
🔹mix (a substance) with another substance so that they combine together.
🔸blend the cornflour with a tablespoon of water
🔹mix (different types of the same substance, such as tea, coffee, or spirits) together so as to make a product of the desired quality.
🔸the tea is blended using leaves from estates in Sri Lanka, Kenya, India, and Indonesia
🔹put or combine (abstract things) together.
🔸I blend basic information for the novice with some scientific gardening for the more experienced
🔹merge (a colour) with another so that one is not clearly distinguishable from the other.
🔸blend and smudge the darker colours under the bottom lashes
🔹form a harmonious combination.
🔸costumes, music, and lighting all blend together beautifully
🔹be an unobtrusive or harmonious part of a greater whole by being similar in appearance or behaviour.
🔸she would have to employ a permanent bodyguard in the house, someone who would blend in
assembly
🔹an action/group of people gathered together in one place for a common purpose; congregation; meeting; gathering
🔸an assembly of dockers and labourers
🔹a group of people elected to make laws or decisions for a particular country or region.
🔸the 577-seat National Assembly
🔹the action of fitting together the component parts of a machine or other object.
🔸a car assembly plant
fledged
🔹(of a young bird) having wing feathers that are large enough for flight; able to fly.
🔸a recently fledged bird
🔹(of a person or thing) having just taken on the role specified.
🔸a newly fledged Detective Inspector
stranglehold
🔹a grip around the neck of another person that can kill by asphyxiation if held for long enough.
🔹complete or overwhelming control.
🔸in France, supermarkets have less of a stranglehold on food supplies
abolish
🔹formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).
🔸the tax was abolished in 1977
overrule
🔹reject or disallow by exercising one’s superior authority; cancel; revoke; rescind
🔸Chief Judge Moran overruled the government’s objections
🔹reject the decision or opinion of.
🔸welfare staff overruled an experienced detective
exercise
🔹use or apply (a faculty, right, or process); use; employ; utalize
🔸control is exercised by the Board
🔹occupy the thoughts of; worry or perplex; worry; concern
🔸Macdougall was greatly exercised about the exchange rate
tyranny
🔹cruel and oppressive government or rule; cruel, unreasonable, or arbitrary use of power or control.
🔸refugees fleeing tyranny and oppression
interim
(n.)
🔹the intervening time.
خلال مدت
🔸in the interim I’ll just keep my fingers crossed
(adj.)
🔹in or for the intervening period; provisional; temporary; short-time; stopgap
🔸an interim arrangement
🔹relating to less than a full year’s business activity.
🔸an interim dividend
موقت- فیمابین
ruthless
🔹having or showing no pity or compassion for others; merciless; cruel; heartless
🔸a ruthless manipulator
succession
🔹a number of people or things of a similar kind following one after the other; sequence; series; chain
🔸she had been secretary to a succession of board directors
🔹the action or process of inheriting a title, office, property, etc.
🔸the new king was already elderly at the time of his succession
🔹(ecology)the process by which a plant or animal community successively gives way to another until a stable climax is reached.
dynasty
🔹a line of hereditary rulers of a country; bloodline
🔸the Tang dynasty
🔹a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
🔸the Guinness dynasty
سلسله- خاندان- آل
appoint
🔹assign a job or role to (someone); designate
🔸she has been appointed to the board
🔹determine or decide on (a time or a place); specify; allot; set
🔸they appointed a day in May for the meeting
🔹(LAW)decide the disposition of (property of which one is not the owner) under powers granted by the owner.
🔸trustees appoint the capital to the beneficiaries
coinage
🔹coins collectively.
🔸the volume of coinage in circulation
🔹the action or process of producing coins from metal.
🔸the controller of the coinage of tin
🔹a system or type of coins in use.
plural noun: coinages
🔸decimal coinage
🔹the invention of a new word or phrase.
🔸the word is of Derrida’s own coinage
embellish
🔹make (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features; decorate; adorn
🔸blue silk embellished with golden embroidery
🔹make (a statement or story) more interesting by adding extra details that are often untrue; elaborate; exaggerate
🔸followers often embellish stories about their heroes
ripe
🔹(of fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating; mature; full grown
🔸a ripe tomato
🔹(of a cheese or wine) fully matured.
🔸a ripe Brie
🔹(of a smell or flavour) rich, intense, or pungent.
🔸rich, ripe flavours emanate from this wine
🔹having arrived at the fitting stage or time for a particular action or purpose); suitable
🔸land ripe for development
🔸the time was ripe for more change
🔹full of.
🔸a population ripe with discontent
🔹(of a person’s age) advanced.
🔸she lived to a ripe old age
🔹(of a female fish or insect) ready to lay eggs or spawn.
🔸ripe females will stop and spawn with one or more males
deme
🔹(BIOLOGY) a subdivision of a population consisting of closely related plants, animals, or people, typically breeding mainly within the group.
civic
🔹relating to a city or town, especially its administration; municipal; urban
🔸a meeting of civic and business leaders
🔹relating to the duties or activities of people in relation to their town, city, or local area.
🔸he was active in the civic life of Swindon
juror
🔹a member of a jury.
داور- عضو هیئت منصفه
sovereign
🔹a supreme ruler, especially a monarch; ruler; king or queen
🔸the Emperor became the first Japanese sovereign to visit Britain
🔹possessing supreme or ultimate power; supreme; absolute; unrestrained
🔸in modern democracies the people’s will is in theory sovereign
🔹(of a nation or its affairs) acting or done independently and without outside interference; independent; autonomous
🔸a sovereign, democratic republic
🔹possessing royal power and status.
🔸our most sovereign lord the King
delegate
🔹entrust (a task or responsibility) to another person, typically one who is less senior than oneself; assign
🔸she must delegate duties so as to free herself for more important tasks
🔹send or authorize (someone) to do something as a representative.
🔸Edward was delegated to meet new arrivals
subordinate
🔹lower in rank or position; of less or secondary importance.
🔸his subordinate officers
🔹a person under the authority or control of another within an organization.
🔸he was mild-mannered, especially with his subordinates
🔹treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else.
🔸practical considerations were subordinated to political expediency
🔹make subservient to or dependent on something else.
🔸to define life would be to subordinate it to reason
agenda
🔹a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.
🔸the question of nuclear weapons had been removed from the agenda
🔹a plan of things to be done or problems to be addressed; schedule
🔸he vowed to put jobs at the top of his agenda
🔹the underlying intentions or motives of a particular person or group.
🔸Miller has his own agenda and it has nothing to do with football”
focal
🔹relating to the centre or most important part.
🔸the focal symbol of sovereignty is the crown
🔹(of a disease or medical condition) occurring in one particular site in the body.
upstage
🔹to do something that takes people’s attention away from someone else who is more important
🔸All the big-name stars were upstaged by 12-year-old Katy Rochford.
🔹towards the back of the stage in a theatre
inferior
🔹lower in rank, status, or quality; second-class
🔸schooling in inner-city areas was inferior to that in the rest of the country
🔹(LAW) (of a court or tribunal) susceptible to having its decisions overturned by a higher court
🔹(ECONOMICS) denoting goods or services which are in greater demand during a recession than in a boom, for example second-hand clothes.
🔹a person lower than another in rank, status, or ability; subordinate
stunning
🔹extremely impressive or attractive; remarkable; extraordinary
🔸she looked stunning
unfold
🔹open or spread out from a folded position; flatten
🔸he unfolded the map and laid it out on the table
🔹(of events or information) gradually develop or be revealed; develop; evolve
🔸there was a fascinating scene unfolding before me
🔹reveal or disclose (thoughts or information); relate; recount
🔸Eva unfolded her secret exploits to Mattie
regard
🔹consider or think of in a specified way.
🔸she regarded London as her base
🔹gaze at steadily in a particular way; contemptlate
🔸Professor Ryker regarded him with a faint smile
🔹(of a thing) relate to; concern.
🔸if these things regarded only myself, I could stand it with composure
floodplain
🔹an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.
crown
🔹تاج
🔹the monarchy or reigning monarch.
noun: Crown; noun: the Crown
🔸their loyalty to the Church came before their loyalty to the Crown
🔹the top or highest part of something; peak; summit
🔸the crown of the hill
🔹an award or distinction gained by a victory or achievement, especially in sport.
🔸the world heavyweight crown
🔹ceremonially place a crown on the head of (someone) in order to invest them as a monarch.
🔸he went to Rome to be crowned
🔹declare or acknowledge (someone) as the best, especially at a sport.
🔸he was crowned world champion last September
🔹rest on or form the top of.
🔸the distant knoll was crowned with trees
projection
🔹an estimate or forecast of a future situation based on a study of present trends.
🔸plans based on projections of slow but positive growth
🔹the presentation of an image on a surface, especially a cinema screen.
🔸quality illustrations for overhead projection
🔹an image projected on a surface.
🔸the band use stage projections featuring moon shots
🔹the ability to make a sound heard at a distance.
🔸I taught him voice projection
🔹the presentation or promotion of someone or something in a particular way.
🔸the legal profession’s projection of an image of altruism
🔹a mental image viewed as reality.
🔸monsters can be understood as mental projections of mankind’s fears
🔹the unconscious transfer of one’s desires or emotions to another person.
🔸we protect the self by a number of defence mechanisms, including repression and projection
🔹a thing that extends outwards from something else.
🔸the chipboard covered all the sharp projections
amphibian
🔹دوزیست
ambient
🔹relating to the immediate surroundings of something.
🔸the liquid is stored at below ambient temperature(حرارت پیرامون و محیط)
🔹relating to or denoting advertising that makes use of sites or objects other than the established media (e.g. by placing slogans on the back of bus tickets).
colonize
🔹send settlers to (a place) and establish political control over it.
🔸the Greeks colonized Sicily and southern Italy
تشکیل مستعمره دادن
🔹settle among and establish control over (the indigenous people of an area).
🔸they sought to discredit the peoples they were colonizing
🔹appropriate (a place or domain) for one’s own use.
🔸a small town in a part of the Hudson Valley fast being colonized by weekenders
🔹(ECOLOGY)(of a plant or animal) establish itself in (an area).
🔸mussels can colonize even the most inhospitable rock surfaces
newt
🔹سوسمار آبی- سمندر آبی
mud
🔹گِل
🔹information or allegations regarded as damaging or scandalous.
🔸the two sides took over the local media to throw mud at each other
burrow
🔹(of an animal) make a hole or tunnel, typically for use as a dwelling; tunnel
🔸moles burrowing away underground
🔹hide underneath or press close to something.
🔸the child burrowed deeper into the bed
🔹make a thorough inquiry; investigate.
🔸journalists are burrowing into the prime minister’s business affairs
acclimatization
🔹the process or result of becoming accustomed to a new climate or to new conditions; adjustment; adaptation; accommodation; habituation
🔸the most important feature of acclimatization to high altitude is an increase in the rate and depth of breathing
diurnal
🔹of or during the day; daily
🔸diurnal rhythms
🔹(ZOOLOGY)(of animals) active in the daytime.
🔹(BOTANY)(of flowers) open only during the day.
morphology
🔹a particular form, shape, or structure.
🔹the study of the forms of things.
ریخت شناسی
🔹the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
permeable
🔹(of a material or membrane) allowing liquids or gases to pass through it; penetrable; pervious; porous
🔸a frog’s skin is permeable to water
greasy
🔹covered with, resembling, or produced by grease or oil.
🔸he wiped his greasy fingers
🔹containing or cooked with too much oil or fat; fatty; oily
🔸greasy food
🔹slippery.
🔸the rain’s making the roads greasy
🔹(of a person or their manner) unpleasantly or insincerely polite or ingratiating.
🔸the greasy little man from the newspaper
desiccation
🔹the removal of moisture from something; dehydration
🔸long periods of drought have led to the desiccation of farming land
bask
🔹lie exposed to warmth and light, typically from the sun, for relaxation and pleasure.
🔸sprawled figures basking in the afternoon sun
🔹revel in and make the most of (something pleasing).
🔸he went on basking in the glory of his first book
شادی کردن- کیف کردن- لذت بردن
hibernate
🔹(of an animal or plant) spend the winter in a dormant state.
🔸some species hibernate in tree roosts
🔹(of a person) remain inactive or indoors for an extended period.
🔸the pilots who have been hibernating during the winter months get their gliders out again
aestivate
gerund or present participle: estivating
🔹(of an insect, fish, or amphibian) spend a hot or dry period in a prolonged state of torpor or dormancy.
nocturnal
🔹done, occurring, or active at night.
🔸tmost owls are nocturnal
discernible
🔹able to be discerned; perceptible; visible; noticeable
🔸the scandal had no discernible effect on his career
deter
🔹discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences;scare off; put off;
🔸only a health problem would deter him from seeking re-election
🔹prevent the occurrence of.
🔸strategists think not only about how to deter war, but about how war might occur
sequestered
🔹(of a place) isolated and hidden away; secluded
🔸a wild sequestered spot
