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Toefl > TPO40 > Flashcards

TPO40 Flashcards

1
Q

blend

A

🔹mix (a substance) with another substance so that they combine together.
🔸blend the cornflour with a tablespoon of water

🔹mix (different types of the same substance, such as tea, coffee, or spirits) together so as to make a product of the desired quality.
🔸the tea is blended using leaves from estates in Sri Lanka, Kenya, India, and Indonesia

🔹put or combine (abstract things) together.
🔸I blend basic information for the novice with some scientific gardening for the more experienced

🔹merge (a colour) with another so that one is not clearly distinguishable from the other.
🔸blend and smudge the darker colours under the bottom lashes

🔹form a harmonious combination.
🔸costumes, music, and lighting all blend together beautifully

🔹be an unobtrusive or harmonious part of a greater whole by being similar in appearance or behaviour.
🔸she would have to employ a permanent bodyguard in the house, someone who would blend in

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2
Q

assembly

A

🔹an action/group of people gathered together in one place for a common purpose; congregation; meeting; gathering
🔸an assembly of dockers and labourers

🔹a group of people elected to make laws or decisions for a particular country or region.
🔸the 577-seat National Assembly

🔹the action of fitting together the component parts of a machine or other object.
🔸a car assembly plant

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3
Q

fledged

A

🔹(of a young bird) having wing feathers that are large enough for flight; able to fly.
🔸a recently fledged bird

🔹(of a person or thing) having just taken on the role specified.
🔸a newly fledged Detective Inspector

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4
Q

stranglehold

A

🔹a grip around the neck of another person that can kill by asphyxiation if held for long enough.

🔹complete or overwhelming control.
🔸in France, supermarkets have less of a stranglehold on food supplies

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5
Q

abolish

A

🔹formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).
🔸the tax was abolished in 1977

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6
Q

overrule

A

🔹reject or disallow by exercising one’s superior authority; cancel; revoke; rescind
🔸Chief Judge Moran overruled the government’s objections

🔹reject the decision or opinion of.
🔸welfare staff overruled an experienced detective

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7
Q

exercise

A

🔹use or apply (a faculty, right, or process); use; employ; utalize
🔸control is exercised by the Board

🔹occupy the thoughts of; worry or perplex; worry; concern
🔸Macdougall was greatly exercised about the exchange rate

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8
Q

tyranny

A

🔹cruel and oppressive government or rule; cruel, unreasonable, or arbitrary use of power or control.
🔸refugees fleeing tyranny and oppression

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9
Q

interim

A

(n.)
🔹the intervening time.
خلال مدت
🔸in the interim I’ll just keep my fingers crossed

(adj.)
🔹in or for the intervening period; provisional; temporary; short-time; stopgap
🔸an interim arrangement

🔹relating to less than a full year’s business activity.
🔸an interim dividend

موقت- فیمابین

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10
Q

ruthless

A

🔹having or showing no pity or compassion for others; merciless; cruel; heartless
🔸a ruthless manipulator

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11
Q

succession

A

🔹a number of people or things of a similar kind following one after the other; sequence; series; chain
🔸she had been secretary to a succession of board directors

🔹the action or process of inheriting a title, office, property, etc.
🔸the new king was already elderly at the time of his succession

🔹(ecology)the process by which a plant or animal community successively gives way to another until a stable climax is reached.

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12
Q

dynasty

A

🔹a line of hereditary rulers of a country; bloodline
🔸the Tang dynasty

🔹a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
🔸the Guinness dynasty

سلسله- خاندان- آل

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13
Q

appoint

A

🔹assign a job or role to (someone); designate
🔸she has been appointed to the board

🔹determine or decide on (a time or a place); specify; allot; set
🔸they appointed a day in May for the meeting

🔹(LAW)decide the disposition of (property of which one is not the owner) under powers granted by the owner.
🔸trustees appoint the capital to the beneficiaries

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14
Q

coinage

A

🔹coins collectively.
🔸the volume of coinage in circulation

🔹the action or process of producing coins from metal.
🔸the controller of the coinage of tin

🔹a system or type of coins in use.
plural noun: coinages
🔸decimal coinage

🔹the invention of a new word or phrase.
🔸the word is of Derrida’s own coinage

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15
Q

embellish

A

🔹make (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features; decorate; adorn
🔸blue silk embellished with golden embroidery

🔹make (a statement or story) more interesting by adding extra details that are often untrue; elaborate; exaggerate
🔸followers often embellish stories about their heroes

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16
Q

ripe

A

🔹(of fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating; mature; full grown
🔸a ripe tomato

🔹(of a cheese or wine) fully matured.
🔸a ripe Brie

🔹(of a smell or flavour) rich, intense, or pungent.
🔸rich, ripe flavours emanate from this wine

🔹having arrived at the fitting stage or time for a particular action or purpose); suitable
🔸land ripe for development
🔸the time was ripe for more change

🔹full of.
🔸a population ripe with discontent

🔹(of a person’s age) advanced.
🔸she lived to a ripe old age

🔹(of a female fish or insect) ready to lay eggs or spawn.
🔸ripe females will stop and spawn with one or more males

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17
Q

deme

A

🔹(BIOLOGY) a subdivision of a population consisting of closely related plants, animals, or people, typically breeding mainly within the group.

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18
Q

civic

A

🔹relating to a city or town, especially its administration; municipal; urban
🔸a meeting of civic and business leaders

🔹relating to the duties or activities of people in relation to their town, city, or local area.
🔸he was active in the civic life of Swindon

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19
Q

juror

A

🔹a member of a jury.

داور- عضو هیئت منصفه

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20
Q

sovereign

A

🔹a supreme ruler, especially a monarch; ruler; king or queen
🔸the Emperor became the first Japanese sovereign to visit Britain

🔹possessing supreme or ultimate power; supreme; absolute; unrestrained
🔸in modern democracies the people’s will is in theory sovereign

🔹(of a nation or its affairs) acting or done independently and without outside interference; independent; autonomous
🔸a sovereign, democratic republic

🔹possessing royal power and status.
🔸our most sovereign lord the King

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21
Q

delegate

A

🔹entrust (a task or responsibility) to another person, typically one who is less senior than oneself; assign
🔸she must delegate duties so as to free herself for more important tasks

🔹send or authorize (someone) to do something as a representative.
🔸Edward was delegated to meet new arrivals

22
Q

subordinate

A

🔹lower in rank or position; of less or secondary importance.
🔸his subordinate officers

🔹a person under the authority or control of another within an organization.
🔸he was mild-mannered, especially with his subordinates

🔹treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else.
🔸practical considerations were subordinated to political expediency

🔹make subservient to or dependent on something else.
🔸to define life would be to subordinate it to reason

23
Q

agenda

A

🔹a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.
🔸the question of nuclear weapons had been removed from the agenda

🔹a plan of things to be done or problems to be addressed; schedule
🔸he vowed to put jobs at the top of his agenda

🔹the underlying intentions or motives of a particular person or group.
🔸Miller has his own agenda and it has nothing to do with football”

24
Q

focal

A

🔹relating to the centre or most important part.
🔸the focal symbol of sovereignty is the crown

🔹(of a disease or medical condition) occurring in one particular site in the body.

25
Q

upstage

A

🔹to do something that takes people’s attention away from someone else who is more important
🔸All the big-name stars were upstaged by 12-year-old Katy Rochford.

🔹towards the back of the stage in a theatre

26
Q

inferior

A

🔹lower in rank, status, or quality; second-class
🔸schooling in inner-city areas was inferior to that in the rest of the country

🔹(LAW) (of a court or tribunal) susceptible to having its decisions overturned by a higher court

🔹(ECONOMICS) denoting goods or services which are in greater demand during a recession than in a boom, for example second-hand clothes.

🔹a person lower than another in rank, status, or ability; subordinate

27
Q

stunning

A

🔹extremely impressive or attractive; remarkable; extraordinary
🔸she looked stunning

28
Q

unfold

A

🔹open or spread out from a folded position; flatten
🔸he unfolded the map and laid it out on the table

🔹(of events or information) gradually develop or be revealed; develop; evolve
🔸there was a fascinating scene unfolding before me

🔹reveal or disclose (thoughts or information); relate; recount
🔸Eva unfolded her secret exploits to Mattie

29
Q

regard

A

🔹consider or think of in a specified way.
🔸she regarded London as her base

🔹gaze at steadily in a particular way; contemptlate
🔸Professor Ryker regarded him with a faint smile

🔹(of a thing) relate to; concern.
🔸if these things regarded only myself, I could stand it with composure

30
Q

floodplain

A

🔹an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.

31
Q

crown

A

🔹تاج

🔹the monarchy or reigning monarch.
noun: Crown; noun: the Crown
🔸their loyalty to the Church came before their loyalty to the Crown

🔹the top or highest part of something; peak; summit
🔸the crown of the hill

🔹an award or distinction gained by a victory or achievement, especially in sport.
🔸the world heavyweight crown

🔹ceremonially place a crown on the head of (someone) in order to invest them as a monarch.
🔸he went to Rome to be crowned

🔹declare or acknowledge (someone) as the best, especially at a sport.
🔸he was crowned world champion last September

🔹rest on or form the top of.
🔸the distant knoll was crowned with trees

32
Q

projection

A

🔹an estimate or forecast of a future situation based on a study of present trends.
🔸plans based on projections of slow but positive growth

🔹the presentation of an image on a surface, especially a cinema screen.
🔸quality illustrations for overhead projection

🔹an image projected on a surface.
🔸the band use stage projections featuring moon shots

🔹the ability to make a sound heard at a distance.
🔸I taught him voice projection

🔹the presentation or promotion of someone or something in a particular way.
🔸the legal profession’s projection of an image of altruism

🔹a mental image viewed as reality.
🔸monsters can be understood as mental projections of mankind’s fears

🔹the unconscious transfer of one’s desires or emotions to another person.
🔸we protect the self by a number of defence mechanisms, including repression and projection

🔹a thing that extends outwards from something else.
🔸the chipboard covered all the sharp projections

33
Q

amphibian

A

🔹دوزیست

34
Q

ambient

A

🔹relating to the immediate surroundings of something.
🔸the liquid is stored at below ambient temperature(حرارت پیرامون و محیط)

🔹relating to or denoting advertising that makes use of sites or objects other than the established media (e.g. by placing slogans on the back of bus tickets).

35
Q

colonize

A

🔹send settlers to (a place) and establish political control over it.
🔸the Greeks colonized Sicily and southern Italy
تشکیل مستعمره دادن

🔹settle among and establish control over (the indigenous people of an area).
🔸they sought to discredit the peoples they were colonizing

🔹appropriate (a place or domain) for one’s own use.
🔸a small town in a part of the Hudson Valley fast being colonized by weekenders

🔹(ECOLOGY)(of a plant or animal) establish itself in (an area).
🔸mussels can colonize even the most inhospitable rock surfaces

36
Q

newt

A

🔹سوسمار آبی- سمندر آبی

37
Q

mud

A

🔹گِل

🔹information or allegations regarded as damaging or scandalous.
🔸the two sides took over the local media to throw mud at each other

38
Q

burrow

A

🔹(of an animal) make a hole or tunnel, typically for use as a dwelling; tunnel
🔸moles burrowing away underground

🔹hide underneath or press close to something.
🔸the child burrowed deeper into the bed

🔹make a thorough inquiry; investigate.
🔸journalists are burrowing into the prime minister’s business affairs

39
Q

acclimatization

A

🔹the process or result of becoming accustomed to a new climate or to new conditions; adjustment; adaptation; accommodation; habituation
🔸the most important feature of acclimatization to high altitude is an increase in the rate and depth of breathing

40
Q

diurnal

A

🔹of or during the day; daily
🔸diurnal rhythms

🔹(ZOOLOGY)(of animals) active in the daytime.

🔹(BOTANY)(of flowers) open only during the day.

41
Q

morphology

A

🔹a particular form, shape, or structure.

🔹the study of the forms of things.
ریخت شناسی

🔹the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.

42
Q

permeable

A

🔹(of a material or membrane) allowing liquids or gases to pass through it; penetrable; pervious; porous
🔸a frog’s skin is permeable to water

43
Q

greasy

A

🔹covered with, resembling, or produced by grease or oil.
🔸he wiped his greasy fingers

🔹containing or cooked with too much oil or fat; fatty; oily
🔸greasy food

🔹slippery.
🔸the rain’s making the roads greasy

🔹(of a person or their manner) unpleasantly or insincerely polite or ingratiating.
🔸the greasy little man from the newspaper

44
Q

desiccation

A

🔹the removal of moisture from something; dehydration

🔸long periods of drought have led to the desiccation of farming land

45
Q

bask

A

🔹lie exposed to warmth and light, typically from the sun, for relaxation and pleasure.
🔸sprawled figures basking in the afternoon sun

🔹revel in and make the most of (something pleasing).
🔸he went on basking in the glory of his first book
شادی کردن- کیف کردن- لذت بردن

46
Q

hibernate

A

🔹(of an animal or plant) spend the winter in a dormant state.
🔸some species hibernate in tree roosts

🔹(of a person) remain inactive or indoors for an extended period.
🔸the pilots who have been hibernating during the winter months get their gliders out again

47
Q

aestivate

A

gerund or present participle: estivating

🔹(of an insect, fish, or amphibian) spend a hot or dry period in a prolonged state of torpor or dormancy.

48
Q

nocturnal

A

🔹done, occurring, or active at night.

🔸tmost owls are nocturnal

49
Q

discernible

A

🔹able to be discerned; perceptible; visible; noticeable

🔸the scandal had no discernible effect on his career

50
Q

deter

A

🔹discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences;scare off; put off;
🔸only a health problem would deter him from seeking re-election

🔹prevent the occurrence of.
🔸strategists think not only about how to deter war, but about how war might occur

51
Q

sequestered

A

🔹(of a place) isolated and hidden away; secluded

🔸a wild sequestered spot

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