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Toefl > TPO44 > Flashcards

TPO44 Flashcards

1
Q

theft

A

🔹the action or crime of stealing; robbery

🔸he was convicted of theft

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2
Q

patrol

A

🔹keep watch over (an area) by regularly walking or traveling around it.
🔸the garrison had to patrol the streets to maintain order

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3
Q

airfare

A

🔹the price to be paid by an aircraft passenger for a particular journey.
🔸save a bundle in airfare by flying standby

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4
Q

stranded

A

🔹a person or vehicle that is stranded is unable to move from the place where they are; stuck
🔸Air travelers were left stranded because of icy conditions.

🔹(of a boat, sailor, or sea creature) left aground on a shore.
🔸A stranded whale

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5
Q

binoculars

A

🔹an optical instrument with a lens for each eye, used for viewing distant objects.
دوربین شکاری

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6
Q

funnel

A

🔹a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for guiding liquid or powder into a small opening.
قیف

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7
Q

strive

A

🔹make great efforts to achieve or obtain something.
🔸national movements were striving for independence

🔹struggle or fight vigorously; attempt; try
🔸scholars must strive against bias

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8
Q

philanthropy

A

🔹the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes; benevolence; generosity ; humanitarianism
🔸he acquired a considerable fortune and was noted for his philanthropy

🔹a philanthropic institution; a charity.
plural noun: philanthropies
🔸a philanthropy was incorporated to help oldsters obtain benefits like pension rights

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9
Q

terrestrial

A

🔹of or on dry land.
🔸a submarine eruption will be much more explosive than its terrestrial counterpart
🔹(of an animal) living on or in the ground; not aquatic, arboreal, or aerial.
🔹(of a plant) growing on land or in the soil; not aquatic or epiphytic.

🔹on or relating to the earth; earthy; worldy
🔸increased ultraviolet radiation may disrupt terrestrial ecosystems

🔹denoting television broadcast using equipment situated on the ground rather than by satellite.
🔸a fifth terrestrial channel

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10
Q

vertebrate

A

an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
مهره داران

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11
Q

tetrapods

A

🔹a four-footed animal, especially a member of a group which includes all vertebrates higher than fishes.
🔹an object or structure with four feet, legs, or supports.

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12
Q

radiate

A

🔹emit (energy, especially light or heat) in the form of rays or waves.
🔸the hot stars radiate energy

🔹(of a person) clearly emanate (a strong feeling or quality) through their expression or bearing; display
🔸she lifted her chin, radiating defiance”

🔹diverge or spread from or as if from a central point.
🔸he ran down one of the passages that radiated from the room”

🔹(of an animal or plant group) evolve into a variety of forms adapted to new ways of life.
🔸they had radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats, including freshwater settings.

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13
Q

aquatic

A

🔹relating to water.
🔸animals have eyes adapted to the hues of their aquatic home
🔹(of a plant or animal) growing or living in or near water.
🔸aquatic plants

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14
Q

oxidize

A

🔹combine chemically with oxygen.
🔸when coal is burnt any sulphur is oxidized to sulphur dioxide
زنگ زدن

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15
Q

gill

A

🔹آبشش

🔹gut or clean (a fish).

🔹a narrow mountain stream.

🔹a young woman.

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16
Q

fin

A

🔹a flattened appendage on various parts of the body of many aquatic vertebrates, including fish and cetaceans, and some invertebrates, used for propelling, steering, and balancing.

🔹part of a plane that sticks up at the back and helps it to fly smoothly

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17
Q

carcass

A

🔹the dead body of an animal; corpse
🔸she saw the mud-covered carcass of a sheep

🔹the remains of something.
🔸automotive carcasses stripped of radios, hubcaps and even body panels

🔹the decaying outer structure of a building, vehicle, or other object

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18
Q

saclike

A

🔹کیسه مانند

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19
Q

gut

A

🔹the stomach or belly.
🔸the terrible pain in his gut

🔹the lower alimentary canal or a part of this; the intestine.
🔸microbes which naturally live in the human gut

🔹the inner parts or essence of something.
🔸the guts of a modern computer

🔹remove the intestines and other internal organs from (a fish or other animal) before cooking it; disembowel; eviscerate

🔹remove or destroy completely the internal parts of (a building or other structure).
🔸the fire gutted most of the factory

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20
Q

gulp

A

🔹swallow (drink or food) quickly or in large mouthfuls, often audibly.
🔸he gulped down the last of his coffee

🔹breathe in (air) deeply and quickly.
🔹breathe or swallow with difficulty, typically in response to strong emotion.
🔸she gulped back the tears

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21
Q

fleshy

A

🔹(of a person or part of the body) having a substantial amount of flesh; plump.
🔸her fleshy arms
گوشتالو- فربه

🔹(of plant or fruit tissue) soft and thick.
🔸fleshy, greeny-grey leaves

🔹resembling flesh in appearance or texture.
🔸normally, the tissue is fleshy pink

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22
Q

feeble

A

🔹lacking physical strength, especially as a result of age or illness; weak
🔸by now, he was too feeble to leave his room

🔹(of a sound) faint.
🔸her feeble cries of pain

🔹lacking strength of character.
🔸I know it’s feeble but I’ve never been one to stand up for myself

🔹failing to convince or impress.
🔸a feeble excuse

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23
Q

flop

A

🔹[always + adverb/preposition] to sit or lie down in a relaxed way, by letting all your weight fall heavily onto a chair etc
🔸He flopped down onto the bed.
🔸I got home and flopped in front of the TV.

🔹[always + adverb/preposition] to hang or fall loosely, in an uncontrolled way
🔸His head flopped back pathetically.

24
Q

stubby

A

🔹short and thick.

🔸Bob pointed with a stubby finger

25
Q

impetus

A

🔹the force or energy with which a body moves; momentum; propulsion
🔸hit the booster coil before the flywheel loses all its impetus

🔹something that makes a process or activity happen or happen more quickly; motivation; stimulus
plural noun: impetuses
🔸the ending of the Cold War gave new impetus to idealism

26
Q

arthropod

A

🔹an invertebrate animal of the large phylum Arthropoda, such as an insect, spider, or crustacean.
بندپا

27
Q

circulatory system

A

🔹the system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.

28
Q

vertebral column

A

🔹ستون فقرات- ستون مهره

29
Q

pelvic

A

🔹relating to or situated within the bony pelvis.
relating to the renal pelvis.
لگنی

30
Q

pectoral

A 
🔹relating to the breast or chest.
🔸pectoral development
🔹worn on the chest.
🔸a pectoral shield
سینه ای
31
Q

girdle

A

🔹a belt or cord worn round the waist.
🔸her waist was defined by a gold chain girdle

🔹a thing that encircles something like a girdle.
🔸a communications girdle around the world

🔹encircle (the body) with a girdle.
🔸the Friar loosened the rope that girdled his waist

🔹surround; encircle.
🔸the chain of volcanoes which girdles the Pacific

32
Q

enclosure

A

🔹an area that is surrounded by a barrier.
🔸a deer enclosure

🔹a section of a racecourse for a specified activity or group of people.
🔸the members’ enclosure

🔹a barrier that surrounds an area.
🔸the cemetery lay within a high walled enclosure”

🔹the state of being enclosed, especially in a religious community.
🔸the nuns kept strict enclosure

🔹a document or object placed in an envelope together with a letter; insertion

33
Q

illuminate

A

🔹light up; brighten
🔸a flash of lightning illuminated the house

🔹decorate (a building or structure) with lights for a special occasion.

🔹help to clarify or explain.
🔸a most illuminating discussion

34
Q

outline

A

🔹a line or set of lines enclosing or indicating the shape of an object in a sketch or diagram.
🔸the chalked outline of a human body

🔹the contours or bounds of an object.
🔸the outlines of dockside warehouses standing sharp on the skyline

🔹a representation of a word in shorthand.

🔹a general description or plan showing the essential features of something but not the detail.
🔸an outline of parliamentary procedure

🔹draw, trace, or define the outer edge or shape of.
🔸her eyes were darkly outlined with kohl

🔹give a summary of.
🔸she outlined the case briefly

35
Q

flower

A

🔹(of a plant) produce flowers; bloom.
🔸Michaelmas daisies can flower as late as October
🔹induce (a plant) to produce flowers.

🔹be in or reach an optimum stage of development; develop fully and richly.
🔸she flowered into as striking a beauty as her mother

flowering:
🔹(of a plant) in bloom.
🔸a window box of flowering geraniums
🔹capable of producing flowers, especially in contrast to a similar plant with the flowers inconspicuous or absent.
🔸flowering dogwood
🔹producing flowers at a specified time or of a specified type.
suffix: -flowering
🔸winter-flowering heathers
36
Q

beam

A

🔹a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal used to support the roof or floor of a building.
🔸there are very fine oak beams in the oldest part of the house

🔹a ray or shaft of light.
🔸a beam of light flashed in front of her

🔹a radiant or good-natured look or smile.
🔸a beam of satisfaction

(v.)
🔹transmit (a radio signal or broadcast) in a specified direction.
🔸the satellite beamed back radio signals to scientists on Earth

🔹(of a light or light source) shine brightly.
🔸the sun’s rays beamed down

🔹smile radiantly; express (an emotion) with a radiant smile.
🔸she beamed with pleasure

37
Q

foreground

A

🔹the part of a view that is nearest to the observer, especially in a picture or photograph; fore; front
🔸the intricate garden depicted in the foreground

🔹the most prominent or important position or situation.
🔸issues which have occupied the political foreground in recent years

🔹make (something) the most prominent or important feature.
🔸sexual relationships are foregrounded and idealized

38
Q

faithful

A

🔹true to the facts or the original; accurate; precise
🔸the film was faithful to the book

🔹(of an object) reliable.
🔸my faithful compass

39
Q

tracery

A

🔹the curving and crossing lines of stone in the upper parts of some church windows

🔹a delicate branching pattern.
plural noun: traceries
🔸a tracery of red veins

40
Q

preliminary

A

🔹preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important; preparatory; introductory; opening
اولیه- مقدماتی- ابتدایی
🔸a preliminary draft

🔹a preliminary action or event; preparation
🔸the bombardment was resumed as a preliminary to an infantry attack

41
Q

sketch

A

🔹a rough or unfinished drawing or painting, often made to assist in making a more finished picture; outline
🔸a charcoal sketch

🔹a brief written or spoken account or description, giving only basic details.
🔸a biographical sketch of Ernest Hemingway

🔹a rough or unfinished version of any creative work.
🔸you can see how the first movement evolved from the composer’s sketches

🔹a short humorous play or performance, consisting typically of one scene in a revue or comedy programme.
🔸a hilarious sketch for their latest BBC series

42
Q

trial

A

🔹a formal examination of evidence by a judge, typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings.
🔸the newspaper accounts of the trial

🔹a test of the performance, qualities, or suitability of someone or something.
🔸clinical trials must establish whether the new hip replacements are working

🔹a sports match to test the ability of players eligible for selection to a team.
🔸he cracked his ankle the week before the final trial

🔹a person, experience, or situation that tests a person’s endurance or forbearance.
🔸the trials and tribulations of married life

43
Q

foreshorten

A

🔹portray or show (an object or view) as closer than it is or as having less depth or distance, as an effect of perspective or the angle of vision.
🔸seen from the road, the mountain is greatly foreshortened

🔹prematurely or dramatically shorten or reduce (something) in time or scale.
🔸our experience is that it is usually a mistake to try to foreshorten the process

44
Q

garment

A

🔹an item of clothing; costume; outfit

🔸a windproof outer garment

45
Q

stature

A

🔹a person’s natural height.
🔸a man of short stature

🔹importance or reputation gained by ability or achievement; reputation; standing
🔸an architect of international stature

46
Q

lush

A

🔹(of vegetation, especially grass) growing luxuriantly; abundant; profuse
🔸lush greenery and cultivated fields

🔹very rich and providing great sensory pleasure.
🔸lush orchestrations

🔹very good or impressive.
🔸I had some really lush pressies

47
Q

submerge

A

🔹cause (something) to be under water; inundate; deluge; engulf; immerse
🔸houses had been flooded and cars submerged

🔹completely cover or obscure; cloak; veil
🔸the tensions submerged earlier in the campaign now came to the fore

48
Q

mosaic

A

🔹a picture or pattern produced by arranging together small pieces of stone, tile, glass, etc.
🔸mosaics on the interior depict scenes from the Old Testament

🔹a colourful and variegated pattern.
🔸the bird’s plumage was a mosaic of slate-grey, blue, and brown

🔹a combination of diverse elements forming a more or less coherent whole.
🔸a cultural mosaic

🔹an individual (especially an animal) composed of cells of two genetically different types.

🔹combine (distinct or disparate elements) to form a picture or pattern.
🔸the digital data were combined, or mosaicked, to delineate counties

49
Q

dampen

A

🔹make slightly wet; moisten
🔸the fine rain dampened her face

🔹make less strong or intense; lessen; diminish
🔸nothing could dampen her enthusiasm

🔹reduce the amplitude of (a sound source).
🔸slider switches on the mixers can dampen the drums

50
Q

blade

A

🔹a long, narrow leaf of grass or another similar plant.

🔸a blade of grass

51
Q

deposition

A

🔹Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

52
Q

anaerobic

A

🔹relating to or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

🔸anaerobic bacteria

53
Q

algae

A

🔹گیاه بدون ساقه و برگ

54
Q

render

A

🔹provide or give (a service, help, etc.); provide; supply; furnish
🔸money serves as a reward for services rendered

🔹submit or present for inspection or consideration.
🔸he would render income tax returns at the end of the year

🔹deliver (a verdict or judgement).
🔸the jury’s finding amounted to the clearest verdict yet rendered upon the scandal

🔹(LITERARY)give up; surrender; relinquish; yield
🔸he will render up his immortal soul

🔹cause to be or become; make.
🔸the rains rendered his escape impossible

🔹represent or depict artistically.
🔸the eyes and the cheeks are exceptionally well rendered

🔹perform (a piece of music).
🔸a soprano solo reverently rendered by Linda Howie

🔹translate.
🔸the phrase was rendered into English

🔹melt down (fat) in order to clarify it.
🔸the fat was being cut up and rendered for lard

🔹process (the carcass of an animal) in order to extract proteins, fats, and other usable parts.
🔸animal carcasses were rendered to provide a protein supplement

🔹cover (stone or brick) with a coat of plaster.
🔸external walls will be rendered and tiled

55
Q

turbidity

A

🔹the quality of being cloudy, opaque, or thick with suspended matter; density of particles in the water
🔸the measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality
تیرگی- گل آلودی- مه آلودی

56
Q

scour

A

🔹clean or brighten the surface of (something) by rubbing it hard, typically with an abrasive or detergent; scrub; cleanse
🔸she scoured the cooker

🔹remove (dirt or unwanted matter) by scouring.
🔸use an electric toothbrush to scour off plaque

🔹subject (a place, text, etc.) to a thorough search in order to locate something.
🔸David scoured each newspaper for an article on the murder

🔹move rapidly in a particular direction, especially in search or pursuit of someone or something.
🔸he scoured up the ladder

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