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Toefl > TPO23 > Flashcards

TPO23 Flashcards

1
Q

desert

A

🔹abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous.
🔸we feel our public representatives have deserted us

🔹(of people) leave (a place), causing it to appear empty; uninhabited; unoccupied
🔸the tourists have deserted the beaches

🔹(of a quality or ability) fail (someone) when most needed.
🔸her luck deserted her

(military)
🔹illegally leave the armed forces.
🔸his life in the regiment had been such a hell that he decided to desert

deserted:
🔹(of a place) empty of people.
🔸deserted beaches of soft sand

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2
Q

replenish

A 
🔹fill (something) up again; recharge; refill
🔸he replenished Justin's glass with mineral water
از ریشه 
plen
به معنی فراوان
و با 
re 
یعنی دوباره زیاد کردن

🔹restore (a stock or supply) to a former level or condition; renew
🔸all creatures need sleep to replenish their energies

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3
Q

rejuvenate

A

🔹to make something work much better or become much better again
🔸a bid to rejuvenate the town centre

🔹 to make someone look or feel young and strong again; revive; revitalize
🔸 I came back from holiday feeling rejuvenated.

🔹to make a company, product, market etc successful again, for example by changing it or by introducing something new
🔸He has shown an ability to rejuvenate ailing companies.

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4
Q

invigorate

A

🔹if something invigorates you, it makes you feel healthier, stronger, and have more energy
🔸At my age, the walk into town is enough to invigorate me.

🔹 to make the people in an organization or group feel excited again, so that they want to make something successful
🔸Carey’s hope was that the church would be renewed and invigorated.

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5
Q

rescind

A

🔹to officially end a law, or change a decision or agreement; revoke
🔸The company has the right to rescind the agreement.
باطل کردن- لغو کردن- فسخ کردن

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6
Q

renovate

A

🔹restore (something old, especially a building) to a good state of repair; modernize
🔸the old school has been tastefully renovated as a private house

carry out renovation to the building
building has undergone major renovation

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7
Q

parched

A

🔹dried out with heat; arid

🔸the parched earth

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8
Q

potable

A

🔹safe to drink; drinkable.

🔸there is no supply of potable water available.

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9
Q

closure

A

🔹an act or process of closing something, especially an institution, thoroughfare, or frontier, or of being closed.
🔸hospitals that face closure

🔹a thing that closes or seals something, such as a cap or tie.

🔹(in a legislative assembly) a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.
🔸a closure motion

🔹a sense of resolution or conclusion at the end of an artistic work.
🔸he brings modernistic closure to his narrative

🔹a feeling that an emotional or traumatic experience has been resolved
🔸I am desperately trying to reach closure but I don’t know how to do it without answers from him

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10
Q

tortuous

A

🔹full of twists and turns.
🔸the route is remote and tortuous

🔹excessively lengthy and complex; convoluted
🔸a tortuous argument

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11
Q

winding

A

🔹a twisting movement or course; twist; turn; bend
🔸the windings of the stream

🔹a thing that winds or is wound round something.

پیچاپیچ- چیزی که پیچ میخورد- مارپیچی

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12
Q

sort

A 
🔹 a group or class of people, things etc that have similar qualities or features; type; kind
🔸what sort of shampoo do you use?

🔹 to put things in a particular order or arrange them in groups according to size, type etc; classify
🔸The eggs are sorted according to size.

🔹to deal with a situation so that all the problems are solved and everything is organized
🔸the teacher helps the children to sort out their problems
🔸 Right, I’ll leave this for Roger and Terry to sort, then.

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13
Q

topography

A

🔹the shape of a surface such as Earth’s, including the rise and fall of such features as mountains and valleys.
🔸the topography of the island

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14
Q

drainage

A

🔹the action or process of draining something.
🔸the pot must have holes in the base for good drainage

🔹a system of drains.
🔸they set about renewing and repairing drainage and water supplies
سیستم زهکش فاضلاب و آبکشی

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15
Q

stretch

A

🔹extend or spread over an area or period of time.
🔸the beach stretches for over four miles

🔹last or cause to last longer than expected; prolong
🔸her nap had stretched to two hours

🔹(of finances or resources) be sufficient or adequate for a certain purpose; afford
🔸my budget won’t stretch to a weekend at a health farm

🔹make great demands on the capacity or resources of.
🔸the cost of the court case has stretched their finances to the limit

🔹cause (someone) to make maximum use of their talents or abilities.
🔸it’s too easy—it doesn’t stretch me

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16
Q

frontier

A

🔹a line or border separating two countries; border; boundary; dividing line
🔸international crime knows no frontiers

🔹the extreme limit of settled land beyond which lies wilderness
🔸his novel of the American frontier

🔹the extreme limit of understanding or achievement in a particular area.
🔸the success of science in extending the frontiers of knowledge

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17
Q

antelope

A

🔹بزکوهی

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18
Q

abound

A

🔹exist in large numbers or amounts; proliferate
“rumours of a further scandal abound

🔹have in large numbers or amounts.
“this area abounds with caravan sites

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19
Q

bull

A

🔹گاو نر- حیوان نر بزرگ
🔸two bulls and a cow
🔸a bull elephant

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20
Q

ox

A

🔹a domesticated bovine animal kept for milk or meat; a cow or bull.
🔸he was tall and broad and as strong as an ox

plural: oxen

21
Q

offspring

A 
🔹a person's child or children.
🔸the offspring of middle-class parents
22
Q

inbreed

A

🔹breed from closely related people or animals, especially over many generations.
🔸persistent inbreeding has produced an unusually high frequency of sufferers from this disease

23
Q

tame

A

(v.)
🔹domesticate (an animal).
🔸wild rabbits can be kept in captivity and eventually tamed

🔹make less powerful and easier to control.
🔸the battle to tame inflation

(adj.)
🔹(of an animal) not dangerous or frightened of people; domesticated.
🔸the fish are so tame you have to push them away

🔹(of a person) willing to cooperate; obedient
🔸every businessman needs a tame lawyer at his elbow

🔹not exciting, adventurous, or controversial.
🔸network TV on Saturday night is a pretty tame affair

🔹(of a plant) produced by cultivation; (of land) cultivated.
🔸a big field of tame hay

24
Q

juxtaposition

A

the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect; living side by side
🔸the juxtaposition of these two images

25
Q

cast about (or around or round)

A

🔹search far and wide (physically or mentally).

🔸he is restlessly casting about for novelties

26
Q

adze

A

🔹a tool similar to an axe, with an arched blade at right angles to the handle, used for cutting or shaping large pieces of wood.
تیشه

27
Q

bow

A 
🔹bend the head or upper part of the body as a sign of respect, greeting, or shame.
🔹bend with age or under pressure.
🔹submit to pressure or demands.
🔸he turned and bowed to his father
تعظیم کردن- مطیع شدن

🔹کمان
🔸They hunted with bow and arrow.

28
Q

savanna

A

🔹a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.
دشت بی درخت- زمین هموار

29
Q

sorghum

A

🔹ذرت خوشه‌ای

30
Q

millet

A

🔹ارزن- گندمیان

31
Q

barley

A

🔹جو

32
Q

buck

A

🔹the male of some horned animals, especially the fallow deer, roe deer, reindeer, and antelopes.

🔹جفتک

33
Q

scrape

A

🔹drag or pull a hard or sharp implement across (a surface or object) so as to remove dirt or other matter.
🔸remove the green tops from the carrots and scrape them

🔹make (a hollow) by scraping away soil or rock; dig
🔸he found a ditch, scraped a hole, and put the bag in it

🔹rub or cause to rub by accident against a rough or hard surface, causing damage or injury.
🔸he smashed into the wall and felt his teeth scrape against the plaster

🔹draw or move (something) along or over something else, making a harsh noise.
🔸she scraped back her chair and stood up

🔹narrowly pass by or through something.
🔸there was only just room to scrape through between the tree and the edge of the stream

🔹just manage to achieve; accomplish with great effort or difficulty.
🔸Scotland scraped a lucky home draw with Portugal

🔹try to save as much money as possible; economize.
🔸they had scrimped and scraped and saved for years”

🔹manage to live with difficulty.
🔸she has to scrape by on Social Security

34
Q

woodlot

A

a piece of land on which trees are cultivated, specif. as a source of firewood, lumber, etc.
منطقه ممنوعه برای رشد درختان

35
Q

bark

A

🔹utter (a command or question) abruptly or aggressively.
🔸he began barking out his order

🔹the tough protective outer sheath of the trunk, branches, and twigs of a tree or woody shrub; peel; coating
🔸beavers feed on leaves and the living bark of trees

36
Q

presumably

A

🔹used to say that you think something is probably true

🔸It’s raining, which presumably means that your football match will be cancelled.

37
Q

maple

A

🔹افرا- چوب افرا

38
Q

shed

A

🔹accidentally allow (something) to fall off or spill; drop
🔸a lorry shed its load of steel bars

🔹(of a tree or other plant) allow (leaves or fruit) to fall to the ground.
🔸both varieties shed leaves in winter

🔹(of a reptile, insect, etc.) allow (its skin or shell) to come off, to be replaced by another one that has grown underneath.

🔹(of a mammal) lose (hair) as a result of moulting, disease, or age.

🔹take off (clothes).

🔹discard (something undesirable, superfluous, or outdated).
🔸many firms use relocation as an opportunity to shed job

🔹cast or give off (light).
🔸the full moon shed a watery light on the scene

39
Q

ensue

A

🔹happen or occur afterwards or as a result.

🔸the difficulties which ensued from their commitment to Cuba

40
Q

sniff

A

🔹draw up air audibly through the nose to detect a smell, to stop it running, or to express contempt.
🔸his dog sniffed at my trousers
استشمام- بو کشیدن

🔹investigate covertly, especially in an attempt to find out confidential or incriminating information about someone.
🔸a couple of journalists are sniffing around

41
Q

scent

A

🔹a distinctive smell, especially one that is pleasant.
🔸the scent of freshly cut hay

🔹a trail indicated by the characteristic smell of an animal and perceptible to hounds or other animals.
🔸the hound followed the scent

42
Q

captive

A

🔹imprisoned or confined; caged; incarcerated
🔸the farm was used to hold prisoners of war captive

🔹having no freedom to choose alternatives or to avoid something.
🔸advertisements at the cinema reach a captive audience

🔹(of a facility or service) controlled by, and typically for the sole use of, an organization.
🔸a captive power plant

43
Q

pelage

A

🔹the fur, hair, or wool of a mammal.

44
Q

secretion

A

🔹a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.
🔸alcohol had a stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion

🔹a substance discharged by secretion.
plural: secretions
🔸hormonal secretions
تراوش- ترشح

45
Q

crude

A

🔹in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined; unrefined; unprocessed
🔸crude oil
خام

🔹(of an estimate or guess) likely to be only approximately accurate.
🔸a crude estimate of the number of people available for work

🔹constructed in a rudimentary or makeshift way; primitive
🔸a relatively crude nuclear weapon

🔹(of an action) showing little finesse or subtlety and as a result unlikely to succeed.
🔸the measure was condemned by economists as crude and ill-conceived
زمخت

🔹offensively coarse or rude, especially in relation to sexual matters; vulgar
🔸a crude joke

46
Q

trumpet

A

🔹make a loud, penetrating sound resembling that of a trumpet; yell; roar
🔸wild elephants trumpeting in the bush

.
🔹proclaim widely or loudly; announce; broadcast
🔸the press trumpeted another defeat for the government”

47
Q

elk

A

🔹گوزن شمالی
moose- elk- wapiti
هرسه نوعی گوزن

48
Q

court

A

🔹be involved with (someone) romantically, with the intention of marrying; woo
🔸he was courting a girl from the neighbouring farm

🔹pay special attention to (someone) in an attempt to win their support or favour.
🔸Western politicians courted the leaders of the newly independent states

49
Q

urinate

A

🔹ادرار کردن

Toefl (21 decks)

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