TPO46 Flashcards
interplay
🔹the way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
🔸the interplay between inheritance and learning
swarm
🔹a large or dense group of flying insects.
🔸a swarm of locusts
🔹(of flying insects) move in or form a swarm.
🔸a plague of locusts swarmed across the countryside
🔹move somewhere in large numbers; flock; crowd
🔸protesters were swarming into the building
sparingly
🔹in a restricted or infrequent manner; in small quantities.
🔸the sharply flavored leaves should be used sparingly
discolor
🔹change or cause to change to a different, less attractive color.
🔸do not over-knead the dough or it will discolor
once and for all (or once for all)
🔹now and for the last time; finally.; conclusively
We have to resolve this matter once and for all.
hustle and bustle
🔹(uncountable) A large amount of activity and work, usually in a noisy surrounding.
🔸He moved to his parents’ farm to have a break from the hustle and bustle of the big city.
inscribe
🔹write or carve (words or symbols) on something, especially as a formal or permanent record.
🔸his name was inscribed on the new silver trophy
🔹write a dedication to someone in (a book).
🔸he inscribed the first copy ‘To my dearest grandmother’
date
🔹establish or ascertain the date of (an object or event).
🔸they date the paintings to 1460–70
🔹mark with a date.
🔸sign and date the document
🔹originate at a particular time; have existed since.
🔸the controversy dates back to 1986
🔹seem old-fashioned.
🔸the coat may be pricey but it will never date
perishable
🔹(especially of food) likely to decay or go bad quickly.; biodegradable
🔸the storage of perishable foods
🔹(of something abstract) having a brief life or significance; transitory.
🔸ballet is the most perishable of arts
line
🔹stand or be positioned at intervals along.
🔸a processional route lined by people waving flags
reed
🔹a tall, slender-leaved plant of the grass family, which grows in water or on marshy ground.
🔹a weak or impressionable person.
🔸the jurors were mere reeds in the wind
boast
🔹talk with excessive pride and self-satisfaction about one’s achievements, possessions, or abilities;show off
🔸tshe boasted about her many conquests
🔹(of a person, place, or thing) possess (a feature that is a source of pride).
🔸the hotel boasts high standards of comfort
clumsy
🔹awkward in movement or in handling things; done awkwardly or without skill.
🔸the cold made his fingers clumsy
🔹difficult to handle or use; unwieldy.
🔸clumsy devices
🔹lacking social skills; tactless.
🔸his choice of words was clumsy
بدترکیب و زمخت و ناشیانه
bulky
🔹taking up much space; large and unwieldy.
🔸a bulky carrier bag
🔹(of a person) heavily built; sturdy
🔸a bulky, overcoat-clad figure
محکم- ستبر- تنومند
virtue
🔹behaviour showing high moral standards; goodness; morality
🔸paragons of virtue
🔹a good or useful quality of a thing; merit; benefit
🔸Mike was extolling the virtues of the car
dear
🔹expensive; costly
ablaze
🔹burning fiercely; aflame
🔸his clothes were ablaze
🔹very brightly coloured or lighted.
🔸New England is ablaze with colour in autumn
🔹filled with anger or another strong emotion.
🔸his eyes were ablaze with excitement
unearth
🔹find (something) in the ground by digging; excavate
🔸workmen unearthed an ancient artillery shell
🔹discover (something hidden, lost, or kept secret) by investigation or searching.
🔸they have done all they can to unearth the truth
🔹drive (an animal, especially a fox) out of a hole or burrow.
wedge
🔹a piece of wood, metal, etc. having one thick end and tapering to a thin edge, that is driven between two objects or parts of an object to secure or separate them.
گوه
🔸the door was secured by a wedge
🔹a formation of people or animals in the shape of a wedge.
🔸the wedge of horsemen crashed forward
🔹force into a narrow space.
🔸she wedged her holdall between two bags
incise
🔹mark or decorate (an object or surface) with a cut or cuts.
🔸a button incised with a skull
🔹cut (a mark or decoration) into a surface; engrave; carve; inscribe
🔸figures incised on upright stones
🔹cut (skin or flesh) with a surgical instrument.
🔸the wound was incised and drained
stylus
🔹an ancient writing implement, consisting of a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on wax-covered tablets, and a blunt end for obliterating them.
a small implement with a pointed end used for engraving and tracing.
قلم حکاکی
dub
🔹give an unofficial name or nickname to.
🔸the media dubbed anorexia ‘the slimming disease’
🔹make (someone) a knight by the ritual touching of the shoulder with a sword.
🔸he should be dubbed Sir Hubert
🔹provide (a film) with a soundtrack in a different language from the original.
🔸the film will be dubbed into French and Flemish
🔹add (sound effects or music) to a film or recording.
🔸background sound can be dubbed in at the editing stage
🔹make a copy of (a sound or video recording).
🔹combine (two or more sound recordings) into one composite soundtrack.
🔸at the subsequent dubbing session these are amalgamated on to one track
cuneiform
🔹خط میخی
hallmark
🔹a mark stamped on articles of gold, silver, or platinum by the British assay offices, certifying their standard of purity.
🔹a distinctive feature.
🔸the tiny bubbles are the hallmark of fine champagnes
🔹mark as distinctive.
🔸this attitude hallmarks many a Briton’s behaviour abroad
scribe
🔹(HISTORICAL) a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented
کاتب نسخه های خطی
🔹(LITERARY) write.
🔸he scribed a note that he passed to Dan
🔹mark with a pointed instrument.
🔸mark the position of the lock body on the door edge, then scribe a centre mark
treasure
🔹a quantity of precious metals, gems, or other valuable objects.
🔸the ransom was to be paid in diamonds and treasure
🔹a very valuable object.
plural noun: treasures
🔸she set out to look at the art treasures
🔹keep carefully (a valuable or valued item); cherish; hold dear
🔸my mother gave me the ring and I’ll treasure it always
🔹value highly.
🔸the island is treasured by walkers and conservationists
bookkeeping
🔹the activity or occupation of keeping records of the financial affairs of a business.
🔸I got in a financial muddle because I didn’t keep my bookkeeping up to date
multitudinous
🔹very numerous; many; abundant; profuse; prolific
🔸multitudinous rugs kept us warm
🔹consisting of or containing many individuals or elements.
🔸the multitudinous array of chemical substances that exist in the natural world
inventory
🔹a complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building; log
🔹a quantity of merchandise or goods held in stock.
🔸in our warehouse you’ll find a large inventory of new and used bicycles
🔹(in accounting) the entire stock of a business, including materials, components, work in progress, and finished product.
🔹make a complete list of.
🔸I inventoried his collection of drawings
🔹enter in a list.
🔸every book was inventoried
batch
🔹a quantity or consignment of goods produced at one time.
🔸a batch of bread
🔹a number of things or people regarded as a group or set.
🔸a batch of loyalists and sceptics
🔹(COMPUTING) a group of records processed as a single unit, usually without input from a user.
🔸this should be run as a batch program from the process directory
🔹arrange (things) in sets or groups.
🔸I had nothing to do but batch the reports
commerce
🔹the activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale; trade
تجارت- بازرگانی
🔸the changes in taxation are of benefit to commerce”
🔹social dealings between people.
معاشرت- رفت و آمد
🔸the noise and warmth of human commerce
commercial:
🔹concerned with or engaged in commerce.
🔸a commercial agreement
🔹making or intended to make a profit; having profit rather than artistic or other value as a primary aim; profit-oriented
🔸commercial products
🔹a television or radio advertisement.
🔸they looked like a family from a breakfast cereal commercial
medieval
🔹قرون وسطی
mint
🔹make (a coin) by stamping metal.
🔸only coins of a relatively high denomination were minted
🔹produce for the first time; create; invent; devise
🔸an example of newly minted technology
virtually
🔹nearly; almost; more or less;
🔸the disease destroyed virtually all the vineyards in Orange County
sedentary
🔹(of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive.
🔸we all walk a certain amount every day even if we are sedentary
🔹(of work or a way of life) characterized by much sitting and little physical exercise.
🔸a sedentary lifestyle spells bad news for hips and thighs
🔹(of a position) sitting; seated.
🔸he spoke from a sedentary position
🔹(ZOOLOGY•ANTHROPOLOGY) inhabiting the same locality throughout life; not migratory or nomadic.
🔸a tribe of sedentary agriculturists
even so
🔹in spite of that; nevertheless.
🔸not the most exciting of places, but even so I was having a good time
alliance
🔹a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations; union; league
🔸a defensive alliance between Australia and New Zealand
🔹a relationship based on similarity of interests, nature, or qualities; affinity; association
🔸an alliance between medicine and morality
🔹the state of being joined or associated.
🔸his party is in alliance with the Greens
🔹(ECOLOGY) a group of closely related plant associations.
procure
🔹obtain (something), especially with care or effort.
🔸food procured for the rebels
🔹obtain (someone) as a prostitute for another person.
🔸he haunted railway stations to procure young girls for immoral purposes
🔹persuade or cause (someone) to do something.
🔸he procured his wife to sign the mandate for the joint account
procurement
بدست آوردن- تهیه
correspondence
.🔹a close similarity, connection, or equivalence; resemblance
🔸there is a simple correspondence between the distance of a focused object from the eye and the size of its image on the retina
🔹communication by exchanging letters.
مکاتبات
🔸the organization engaged in detailed correspondence with local MPs
oversee
🔹supervise (a person or their work), especially in an official capacity.
🔸the Home Secretary oversees the police service
bargain
🔹negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction.
چانه زدن- معامله بستن
🔸he bargained with the local council to rent the stadium
🔹part with something after negotiation but get little or nothing in return.
🔸his determination not to bargain away any of the province’s economic powers
🔹be prepared for; expect.
🔸I got more information than I’d bargained for
multiply
🔹increase or cause to increase greatly in number or quantity.
🔸ever since I became a landlord my troubles have multiplied tenfold
🔹(of an animal or other organism) increase in number by reproducing.
🔸listeria and other bacteria were able to multiply in very low temperatures
🔹propagate (plants).
🔸researchers multiply these varieties to provide new plants for the farmers
courier
🔹a company or employee of a company that transports commercial packages and documents.
پیک- قاصد
🔸the cheque was dispatched by courier
🔹a messenger for an underground or espionage organization.
🔸a courier disguised as a commercial traveller
🔹a person employed to guide and assist a group of tourists.
🔸he worked as a courier on a package holiday to Majorca
🔹send (goods or documents) by courier.
🔸your order can be couriered to you in three days
shareholder
🔹an owner of shares in a company.
toll
🔹a charge payable to use a bridge or road
🔸motorway tolls
🔹a charge for a long-distance telephone call.
🔹the number of deaths or casualties arising from a natural disaster, conflict, accident, etc.
🔸the toll of dead and injured mounted
🔹the adverse effect of something; detriment
🔸the environmental toll of the policy has been high
inn
🔹a pub, typically one in the country, in some cases providing accommodation; bar
🔸the Swan Inn
pub=میخانه
🔹a house providing accommodation, food, and drink, especially for travellers.
مسافرخانه- مهمانخانه- کاروانسرا
hospice
🔹a home providing care for the sick or terminally ill.
مسافرخانه- آسایشگاه
🔸hospice workers
mercantile
🔹relating to trade or commerce; commercial.
🔸the shift of wealth to the mercantile classes
timber
🔹wood prepared for use in building and carpentry.
🔸the exploitation of forests for timber
🔹trees grown for use in building or carpentry.
🔸contracts to cut timber
🔹a wooden beam or board used in building a house or ship.
تیر- کنده- الوار
concession
🔹a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; compromise; allowance
اعطا- امتیاز انحصاری
🔸the government was unwilling to make any further concessions
🔹the action of conceding or granting something; admission
تصدیق- اعتراف- اذعان
🔸this strict rule was relaxed by concession
🔹a gesture made in recognition of a demand or prevailing standard.
🔸her only concession to fashion was her ornate silver ring
🔹a preferential allowance or rate given by an organization.
🔸tax concessions
🔹a reduction in the price of something for a certain category of person.
🔸railcard holders can obtain concessions
🔹the right to use land or other property for a specified purpose, granted by a government, company, or other controlling body.
اعطای زمین
🔸new logging concessions
🔹a commercial operation set up by agreement within the premises of a larger concern.
🔸the concessions will offer photo processing and a pharmacy
🔹the right, given by a company, to sell goods, especially in a particular place.
exempt
🔹the right, given by a company, to sell goods, efree (a person or organization) from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
معاف کردن- مستثنی کردن
🔸they were exempted from paying the tax
quarter
🔹rooms or lodgings, especially those allocated to people in military or domestic service; accommodation; lodgings
🔸they lived in RAF married quarters
🔹pity or mercy shown towards an enemy or opponent who is in one’s power.
🔸the riot squad gave no quarter
🔹a part of a town or city having a particular character or use.
🔸a beautiful port city with a fascinating medieval quarter
🔹be stationed or lodged in a specified place; accommodate
🔸many were quartered in tents
🔹impose someone on (another person) as a lodger.
🔸you would have had her quartered on you forever
🔹range over or traverse (an area) in every direction.
🔸we watched a pair of kingfishers quartering the river looking for minnows
decisive
🔹.settling an issue; producing a definite result; conclusive
🔸the archers played a decisive part in the victory
🔹having or showing the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively; resolute; firm; determined
🔸she had an image of being tough and decisive
otter
🔹سمور دریایی
obliterate
🔹destroy utterly; wipe out; eradicate; demolish; annihilate
🔸the memory was so painful that he obliterated it from his mind
🔹make invisible or indistinct; conceal or cover.
🔸clouds were darkening, obliterating the sun
🔹cancel (something, especially a postage stamp) to prevent further use.
🔸the special stamp should be placed on the left-hand side and not be used to obliterate the postage stamp
exotic
🔹originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country; foreign; non-native
🔸exotic birds
🔹attractive or striking because colourful or out of the ordinary; eye-catching
🔸youths with exotic haircuts
🔹(especially of metals or fuels) of a kind not ordinarily encountered; specially produced.
🔸exotic chemicals such as oil hydrocarbons
hamper
🔹hinder or impede the movement or progress of; obstruct
🔸their work is hampered by lack of funds
