TPO48 Flashcards
peruse
🔹read (something), typically in a thorough or careful way.
🔸he has spent countless hours in libraries perusing art history books and catalog
🔹examine carefully or at length; inspect; scrutinize; study
🔸Laura perused a Caravaggio
cyberspace
🔹the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs; the online world of computer networks and especially the Internet
🔸I stayed in cyberspace for just a few minutes
فضای مجازی
extravagant
🔹lacking restraint in spending money or using resources.
🔸it was rather extravagant to buy both
🔹resulting from or showing a lack of restraint in spending money or resources.
🔸extravagant gifts like computer games
🔹exceeding what is reasonable or appropriate; excessive or elaborate
🔸extravagant claims about the merchandise
amend
🔹make minor changes to (a text, piece of legislation, etc.) in order to make it fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing circumstances; revise
🔸the rule was amended to apply only to non-members
🔹improve the texture or fertility of (soil).
🔸amend your soil with peat moss or compost
oath
🔹a solemn promise, often invoking a divine witness, regarding one’s future action or behaviour; vow
🔸they took an oath of allegiance to the king
🔹a sworn declaration, such as the promise to tell the truth, in a court of law.
🔸each took the oath and then gave evidence
🔹a profane or offensive expression used to express anger or other strong emotions.
🔸he exploded with a mouthful of oaths
imposter
🔹a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others, especially for fraudulent gain; impersonator; pretender
🔸the charity has warned anyone approached by the impostor to contact police immediately
deceit
🔹the action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth; deception; fraud
🔸a web of deceit
expulsion
🔹the action of forcing someone to leave an organization.
🔸his expulsion from the union
🔹the action or process of forcing someone to leave a place.
🔸the expulsion of two diplomats from the embassy
🔹the action of forcing something out of the body.
🔸oxytocin causes expulsion of milk from the lactating mammary gland
اخراج- دفع- تبعید- حذف
indulge
🔹allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of.
🔸we indulged in a cream tea
🔹become involved in (an activity, typically one that is undesirable or disapproved of).
🔸I don’t indulge in idle gossip
🔹satisfy or yield freely to (a desire or interest).
🔸she was able to indulge a growing passion for literature
🔹allow (someone) to enjoy something desired; spoil; pamper
🔸a luxury service used to indulge the chief executive
beseech
🔹ask (someone) urgently and fervently to do something; implore; entreat; beg
🔸they beseeched him to stay
التماس کردن- تقاضا کردن
edict
🔹an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority.
🔸Clovis issued an edict protecting Church property
فرمان- حکم- قانون
comply
🔹act in accordance with a wish or command; abide by; obey; conform to
🔸we are unable to comply with your request
🔹(of an article) meet specified standards.
🔸all second-hand furniture must comply with the new regulations
vilify
🔹speak or write about in an abusively disparaging manner; disparage
🔸he has been vilified in the press
تحقیر کردن- بدنام کردن- بهتان زدن
majesty
🔹impressive beauty, scale, or stateliness.
🔸the majesty of Ben Nevis
🔹royal power; sovereignty
🔸the majesty of the royal household
🔹a title given to a sovereign or a sovereign’s wife or widow.
noun: Majesty; plural noun: Majesties
🔸Her Majesty the Queen
اعلی حضرت- حضرت- برتری و علو
slaughter
🔹kill (animals) for food.
ذبح
🔸at present the abattoir is slaughtering animals for the domestic market
🔹kill (people or animals) in a cruel or violent way, typically in large numbers.
🔸innocent civilians are being slaughtered
قتل عام- سلاخی- کشتار فجیع
emissary
🔹a person sent as a diplomatic representative on a special mission; envoy; ambassador; delegate
poor
🔹poverty-stricken; impoverished
eligible
🔹having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions; qualified; acceptable
🔸customers who are eligible for discounts
🔹(of a person) desirable or suitable as a partner in marriage.
🔸the world’s most eligible bachelor
واجد شرایط- مطلوب
easy
🔹undemanding; effortless; unchallenging; trouble-free; straightforward; piece of cake
sacred
🔹connected with God or a god or dedicated to a religious purpose and so deserving veneration; holy
🔸sacred rites
🔹religious rather than secular; spiritual
🔸sacred music
🔹(of writing or text) embodying the laws or doctrines of a religion.
🔸a sacred Hindu text
🔹regarded with great respect and reverence by a particular religion, group, or individual.
🔸cows are sacred and the eating of beef is taboo
🔹regarded as too valuable to be interfered with; sacrosanct.
🔸a profit-oriented public to whom nothing is sacred
روحانی- مقدس
pertinent
🔹relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite(apt in the circumstances or in relation to something-بجا-درخور).; relevant
opp: impertinent
🔸she asked me a lot of very pertinent questions
uphold
🔹confirm or support (something which has been questioned); endorse; sustain; champion
🔸the court upheld his claim for damages
🔹maintain (a custom or practice); hold to
🔸they uphold a tradition of not causing distress to living creatures
rebel
🔹to oppose or fight against someone in authority or against an idea or situation which you do not agree with
rebel against
🔸 teenage boys rebelling against their parents
🔹rise in opposition or armed resistance to an established government or leader.
🔸the Earl of Pembroke subsequently rebelled against Henry III
🔹if your stomach, legs, mind etc rebel, you cannot do or believe something you think you should
🔸 He knew he ought to eat, but his stomach rebelled.
🔸as I came over the hill my legs rebelled—I could walk no further
clown
🔹a comic entertainer, especially one in a circus, wearing a traditional costume and exaggerated make-up.
دلقک
🔸a circus clown
🔹a playful, extrovert person. 🔸Martin was always the class clown
🔹a foolish or incompetent person; idiot
🔸we need a serious government, not a bunch of clowns
🔹behave in a comical or playful way.
🔸Harvey clowned around pretending to be a dog
passionate
🔹having, showing, or caused by strong feelings or beliefs; intense
🔸passionate pleas for help
🔹arising from intense feelings of sexual love.
🔸a passionate kiss
آتشین- احساساتی- شهوانی
stupefy
🔹make (someone) unable to think or feel properly; stun; befuddle; daze
🔸the offence of administering drugs to a woman with intent to stupefy her
🔹astonish and shock.
🔸the amount they spend on clothes would appal their parents and stupefy their grandparents
infuriate
🔹make (someone) extremely angry and impatient; enrage
🔸I was infuriated by your article
spill
🔹 if you spill a liquid, or if it spills, it accidentally flows over the edge of a container; pour
🔸Katie almost spilled her milk.
🔹if people or things spill out of somewhere, they move or fall out in large numbers
spill out/into/onto etc
🔸Crowds from the theatre were spilling onto the street.
fist
🔹مشت
🔸she pummelled him furiously with her fists
🔹strike with the fist
free-for-all
🔹a disorganized or unrestricted situation or event in which everyone may take part, especially a fight, discussion, or trading market.
زد و خورد همگانی- داد و بیداد
🔸a free-for-all on the topic ‘Woman and Writing’
🔸it was a complete free-for-all
forgo
🔹go without (something desirable); go without; give up
خودداری کردن- چشم پوشی کردن- صرف نظر کردن
🔸she wanted to forgo the tea and leave while they could
🔹refrain from; stop oneself from doing something.
خودداری کردن
🔸we forgo any comparison between the two men
take one (thing) at a time
🔹to do or deal with one thing before starting to do or deal with another:
🔸There are a few problems, but let’s take one thing at a time.
apt
🔹appropriate or suitable in the circumstances; congruous
🔸the theme could not be more apt
🔹having a tendency to do something; inclined
🔸he is apt to be swayed by irrational considerations
🔹quick to learn.
🔸she proved an apt pupil
venerate
🔹regard with great respect; revere.
🔸Philip of Beverley was venerated as a saint
every now and again (or now and then)
🔹from time to time; occasionally.
🔸I used to see him every now and then
over your head
🔹too difficult or strange for you to understand
🔸I tried to take in what he was saying about nuclear fusion, but most of it went over my head.
be onto something
🔹 to have discovered or produced something new and interesting
🔸With the new show, we were onto something big.
🔹(also get onto something) to be dealing with something or start dealing with something
🔸I’ll get onto it right away.
way off
(not comparable)
🔹remote; far; distant (in space)
🔹remote; far in the future
🔹very wrong, not even close
the like
🔹used with reference to a person or thing of the same kind as another.
🔸the quotations could be arranged to put like with like
🔹a thing or things of the same kind (often used to express surprise or for emphasis).
noun: the like
🔸did you ever hear the like?
🔸Beyond the talk of coalitions, alphabetic organizations, and the like, there are at length real people.
🔸Despite the expensive-looking Baroque decor and the pianist, this place serves cheap pizzas and the like.
smallpox
🔹آبله
multitude
🔹a large number of people or things.
🔸a multitude of medical conditions are due to being overweight
🔹the mass of ordinary people without power or influence.
noun: the multitude
🔸placing ultimate political power in the hands of the multitude
province
🔹a principal administrative division of a country or empire.
استان
🔸Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province
🔹the whole of a country outside the capital, especially when regarded as lacking in sophistication or culture.
🔸I made my way home to the dreary provinces by train
🔹an area of special knowledge, interest, or responsibility.
🔸she knew little about wine—that had been her father’s province
fodder
🔹food, especially dried hay or straw, for cattle and other livestock.
🔹a person or thing regarded only as material for a specific use.
🔸young people ending up as factory fodder
draft
🔹a preliminary version of a piece of writing.
🔸the first draft of the party’s manifesto
🔹a plan, sketch, or rough drawing; outline
🔸a manuscript draft representing the explorer’s latest findings
🔹a written order to pay a specified sum; cheque
🔹compulsory recruitment for military service.
🔸25 million men were subject to the draft
🔹a procedure whereby sports players are made available for selection or reselection by the teams in a league, usually with the earlier choices being given to the weaker teams.
🔸the White Sox chose him in the 13th round of the 1990 draft
🔹a group or individual selected from a larger group for a special duty, e.g. for military service.
🔸the draft and I were sent to the barracks near Folkestone
stab
🔹thrust a knife or other pointed weapon into (someone) so as to wound or kill.
🔸he stabbed her in the stomach
🔹make a thrusting gesture or movement at something with a pointed object.
🔸she stabbed at the earth with the fork
🔹(of a sharp or pointed object) violently pierce.
🔸a sharp end of wicker stabbed into his sole
🔹(of a pain or painful thing) cause a sudden sharp sensation.
🔸a stitch stabbed at her side
canine
🔹سگ- سگ سان
feline:
گربه- گربه سان
arm
🔹supply or provide with weapons.
🔸the security forces are armed with automatic rifles
🔹supply or provide with equipment, tools, or other items in preparation or readiness for something.
🔸she armed them with brushes and mops
🔹activate the fuse of (a bomb, missile, or other explosive device) so that it is ready to explode.
🔸the bomb would be quite safe until it was armed
shred
🔹a strip of material, such as paper, cloth, or food, that has been torn, cut, or scraped from something larger.
🔸her dress was torn to shreds
🔹a very small amount.
🔸we have not a shred of evidence to go on
🔹tear or cut into shreds; cut up
🔸the teeth of these animals grind and shred plant material before digestion.
occlude
🔹stop, close up, or obstruct (an opening, orifice, or passage); block
مسدود کردن
🔸thick make-up can occlude the pores
🔹shut in.
🔸they were occluding the waterfront with a wall of buildings
🔹cover (an eye) to prevent its use.
🔸it is placed at eye level with one eye occluded
🔹(of a tooth) come into contact with another tooth in the opposite jaw.
🔸in monkeys and apes, the upper canine occludes with the lower first premolar
🔹(CHEMISTRY) (of a solid) absorb and retain (a gas or impurity).
🔸occluded within these crystals are other molecules
transverse
🔹situated or extending across something; crosswise
عرضی
🔸a transverse beam supports the dashboard
tear
🔹pull (something) apart or to pieces with force; shred
🔸I tore up the letter
🔹remove by pulling forcefully.
🔸he tore up the floorboards
🔹make a hole or split in (something) by pulling it forcefully or piercing it with a sharp implement; rip
🔸she was always tearing her clothes
🔸the blast tore a hole in the wall
🔹come apart; rip.
🔸the material wouldn’t tear
🔹damage (a muscle or ligament) by overstretching it.
🔸he tore a ligament playing squash
🔹be in a state of uncertainty between two conflicting options or parties.
🔸he was torn between his duty and his better instincts
🔹(of the eye) produce tears.
🔸the freezing wind made her eyes tear
tearing:
🔹violent; extreme.
🔸he did seem to be in a tearing hurry
resolution
🔹a firm decision to do or not to do something.
🔸she kept her resolution not to see Anne any more
🔹a formal expression of opinion or intention agreed on by a legislative body or other formal meeting, typically after taking a vote.
🔸the conference passed two resolutions
🔹the quality of being determined or resolute; firmness
🔸he handled the last British actions of the war with resolution
🔹the action of solving a problem or contentious matter.
🔸the peaceful resolution of all disputes
🔹(MEDICINE) the disappearance of a symptom or condition.
🔸complete remission was defined as resolution of clinical evidence of disease
🔹(CHEMISTRY) the process of reducing or separating something into constituent parts or components.
🔹(PHYSICS) the replacing of a single force or other vector quantity by two or more jointly equivalent to it.
🔹the smallest interval measurable by a telescope or other scientific instrument; the resolving power.
the degree of detail visible in a photographic or television image.
🔸a high-resolution monitor
🔹the conversion of something abstract into another form.
🔸the gradual resolution of an uncertain feeling into a named emotion
specimen
🔹an individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral, etc. used as an example of its species or type for scientific study or display.
🔸specimens of copper ore
🔹an example of something regarded as typical of its class or group. 🔸a specimen paper of the new test
🔹a sample for medical testing, especially of urine.
(sample)
juvenile
🔹for or relating to young people.
🔸juvenile crime
🔹childish; immature.
🔸she’s bored with my juvenile conversation
🔹a young person; youngester
cannibal
🔹a person who eats the flesh of other human beings.
🔸cannibal tribes
🔹an animal that feeds on flesh of its own species.
conifer
🔹سوزنی برگ
boreal
🔹of the north or northern regions.
equivocal
🔹open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous; vague
🔸the equivocal nature of her remarks
🔹(of a person) using ambiguous or evasive language; ambivalent; obscure
🔸he has always been equivocal about the meaning of his lyrics
🔹uncertain or questionable in nature.
🔸the results of the investigation were equivocal
oblique
🔹neither parallel nor at right angles to a specified or implied line; slanting.
اریب- مورب- حاده یا منفرجه
🔸we sat on the settee oblique to the fireplace
🔹not expressed or done in a direct way; indirect
غیر مستقیم- مایل- ضمنی
🔸he issued an oblique attack on the President
involved
🔹difficult to understand; complicated; intricate
🔸a long, involved conversation
albedo
🔹the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon.
🔸the lunar maria have a lower albedo than the surrounding terrain
account
🔹consider or regard in a specified way; reckon
🔸her visit could not be accounted a success
give off something
🔹to produce a smell, light, heat, a sound etc
🔸The wood gave off a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned.
nucleus
🔹the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth; core
plural noun: nuclei
هسته
🔸the nucleus of a British film-producing industry”
haze
🔹a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles.
🔸the cold air has no pollution and very little haze
🔹a very fine cloud of something such as vapour or smoke in the air.
🔸the gathering haze of cigarette smoke
🔹a state of mental confusion.
🔸an alcoholic haze
🔹force (a new or potential recruit to the military or a university fraternity) to perform strenuous, humiliating, or dangerous tasks.
🔸rookies were mercilessly hazed
🔹drive (cattle) while on horseback.
🔸he hazed them on and they clambered up through the rocks
terrain
🔹a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features; landscape
🔸they were delayed by rough terrain
squeeze
🔹manage to get into or through a narrow or restricted space.
🔸Sarah squeezed in beside her
🔹manage to force into or through a narrow or restricted space.
🔸she squeezed herself into her tightest pair of jeans
🔹move closer to someone or something so that one is pressed tightly against them or it.
🔸he guided her toward a seat, motioning for everyone to squeeze up and make room
🔹manage to find time for someone or something.
🔸she may be able to squeeze you in, if you play your cards right
🔹obtain (something) from someone with difficulty.
pronounce
🔹declare or announce in a formal or solemn way
🔸allow history to pronounce the verdict
🔹pass judgement or make a decision on.
🔸the Secretary of State will shortly pronounce on alternative measures
outskirt
🔹the outer parts of a town or city.
حومه
🔸he built a new factory on the outskirts of Birmingham
downwind
🔹in the direction in which the wind is blowing.
🔸Residents who lived downwind from the explosion were evacuated.
remnant
🔹a part or quantity that is left after the greater part has been used, removed, or destroyed; leftover; remains
🔸the bogs are an endangered remnant of a primeval landscape
pollination
🔹گرده افشانی
🔸the flowers depend on bees for pollination
