Toxicology: Pharmacology - Heavy metal toxicology Flashcards
Five toxic effects of heavy metals
- Interfere with function of essential cations
- Cause enzyme inhibition
- Generate oxidative stress
- Alter gene expression
- Perturb cell signalling
Five toxic effects of arsenic
- CV: shock, arrhythmia
- CNS: encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy
- Gastroenteritis
- Pancytopaenia
- Cancer
Distribution of inorganic oxides and salts of lead
> 90% redistributed to skeleton
Six toxic effects inorganic oxides and salts of lead
- CNS deficits
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Anaemia
- Nephropathy
- HTN
- Reproductive toxicity
Toxic effect of organic (tetra-ethyl) lead
Encephalopathy
Five toxic effects of elemental mercury
- CNS: tremor, erethism
- Gingivo-stomatitis
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Acrodynia
- Pneumonitis
Three toxic effects of inorganic mercury
- ATN
- Gastroenteritis
- CNS effects (rare)
Two toxic effects of organic mercury
- CNS defects
- Birth defects
Chelator for arsenic poisoning
Dimercaprol
Succinator
Unithiol
Chelator for lead poisoning
EDTA
Chelator for zinc poisoning
EDTA
Chelator for manganese poisoning
EDTA
Chelator for mercury poisoning
Unithiol
Chelator for copper poisoning
Penicillamine
Chelator for iron poisoning
Deferoxamine
Deferasirox
Deferiprone
Chelator for radioactive caesium and thallium poisoning
Prussian blue (ferric hexacyanofurate)
Indications for EDTA
Divalent and trivalent heavy metal toxicity (including lead, zinc, manganese)
Indications for unithiol
Arsenic and mercury toxicity
Indications for penicillamine
Copper toxicity (including Wilson’s disease)
Severe RA
Indications for Prussian blue
Univalent cations including radioactive caesium and thallium toxicity
