Cardiovascular: Anatomy - Cardiac chambers and valves

Question 1

Six features of the RA

Answer 1

1. Right auricle
2. Sinus venarum (smooth posterior wall)
3. Pectinate muscles (anterior wall)
4. Crista terminalis (separating anterior and posterior walls)
5. R AV orifice
6. Oval fossa on interatrial septum

Question 2

Seven features of the RV

Answer 2

1. Conus arteriosus
2. Trabeculae carneae
3. Tricuspid valve with anterior, posterior and septal cusps
4. Chordae tendineae and anterior, posterior and septal papillary muscles (anchoring cusps)
5. IV septum with muscular and membranous (posterosuperior) parts
6. Septomarginal trabecula (carries R bundle branch)
7. Pulmonary valve with semilunar (anterior, right and left) cusps and sinuses

Question 3

Five features of the LA

Answer 3

1. Left auricle (muscular part)
2. Semilunar depression (floor of oval fossa)
3. Smooth-walled part
4. 2x superior and 2x inferior pulmonary veins
5. L AV orifice

Question 4

Seven features of the LV

Answer 4

1. Trabeculae carneae
2. Conical cavity
3. Mitral valve with anterior and posterior cusps (each receive cords from both anterior and posterior papillaries)
4. Chordae tendineae, and anterior and posterior papillary muscles
5. Aortic vestibule (anterosuperior outflow tract) leading to:
6. Aortic orifice (posterosuperior)
7. Aortic valve with semilunar (posterior, right and left) cusps and sinuses

Question 5

What constitute the borders of the heart?

Answer 5

Superior: RA and LA (and auricles)
Left: LV, auricle of LA
Right: RA
Base: RV, small portion of LV
Apex: LV

Question 6

Describe the sternocostal, diaphragmatic and base (posterior) surfaces of the heart

Answer 6

Sternocostal: RV, some RA and LV
Diaphragmatic: 1/3 RV, 2/3 LV, PDA
Base (posterior): LA, 4 pulmonary veins

Question 7

Describe the physical location and auscultation area of the aortic valve

Answer 7

Physical location: posterior to sternum in 3rd costal space
Auscultation area: R 2nd intercostal space (parasternal)

Question 8

Describe the physical location and auscultation area of the mitral valve

Answer 8

Physical location: L posterior to sternum behind 4th costal cartilage
Auscultation area: over apex at 5th intercostal space in L midclavicular line

Question 9

Describe the physical location and auscultation area of the tricuspid valve

Answer 9

Physical location: R posterior to sternum behind 4th costal cartilage
Auscultation area: lower sternum

Question 10

Describe the physical location and auscultation area of the pulmonary valve

Answer 10

Physical location: at junction of sternum and L 3rd costal cartilage
Auscultation area: L 2nd intercostal space (parasternal)