Gastrointestinal: Anatomy - Overview of abdominal cavity and viscera

Question 1

How many folds are in the greater omentum?

Answer 1

Four

Question 2

How many folds are in the lesser omentum?

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

Where does the greater omentum attach?

Answer 3

From greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
Attaches to anterior transverse colon

Question 4

Where does the lesser omentum attach?

Answer 4

From lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
Attaches to liver
Free edge forms the hepatoduodenal ligament which conducts the portal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct)

Question 5

What three ligaments connect the liver to other structures in the abdomen? Which of these are formed as continuous parts of the lesser omentum?

Answer 5

Falciform ligament to anterior abdominal wall
Hepatogastric ligament to stomach*
Hepatoduodenal ligament to duodenum*

• continuous parts of lesser omentum

Question 6

Describe the ligamentous attachments of the stomach. Which of these are formed as continuous parts of the greater foramen?

Answer 6

Gastrophrenic ligament to inferior diaphragm
Gastrosplenic ligament to spleen
Gastrocolic ligament to transverse colon (this forms the apron of the greater omentum)

All are formed as continuous parts of greater omentum

Question 7

What is the omental foramen?

Answer 7

Opening that connects the greater sac with the omental burser (behind the stomach and lesser omentum)

Question 8

Describe the boundaries of the omental foramen

Answer 8

Anterior: lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)
Posterior: IVC and right crus of diaphragm (covered with parietal peritoneum)
Superior: liver
Inferior: 1st part of duodenum

Question 9

At what vertebral level is the cardial orifice?

Answer 9

T11

Question 10

At what vertebral level is the pyloric orifice?

Answer 10

L1

Question 11

Which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 11

Left and right gastric arteries

Question 12

Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 12

Left and right gastro-epiploic arteries

Question 13

Which arteries supply the fundus and upper body of the stomach?

Answer 13

Short gastric arteries
Posterior gastric arteries

Question 14

Describe the venous drainage of the stomach

Answer 14

Gastric veins (drain to hepatic portal vein)
Short gastric and left gastro-epiploic veins (join the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein)
Right gastro-epiploic veins (drain to superior mesenteric vein)

Question 15

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the stomach

Answer 15

Superior 2/3 to gastric lymph nodes
Right inferior 2/3 to pyloric lymph nodes
Left inferior 1/3 to pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes

Question 16

At what vertebral level does the coelic trunk originate from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 16

T12

Question 17

At what vertebral level does the SMA originate from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 17

L1

Question 18

At what vertebral level does the renal artery originate from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 18

L1-2 intervertebral disc

Question 19

At what vertebral level does the middle supra-renal originate from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 19

L1

Question 20

At what vertebral level does the IMA originate from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 20

L3

Question 21

At what vertebral level does the gonadal artery originate from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 21

L2

Question 22

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

Answer 22

L4 (also where the medial sacral artery originates)

Question 23

At what level do the common iliac arteries bifurcate into the external and internal iliacs?

Answer 23

L5-S1 intervertebral disc

Question 24

List the branches of the abdominal aorta from superior to inferior (and the vertebral levels of each)

Answer 24

1. Inferior phrenic (with suprarenal; T12)
2. Coeliac trunk (T12)
3. Superior mesenteric (L1)
4. Middle supra-renal (L1)
5. Renal (L1-2 intervertebral disc)
6. Gonadal (L2)
7. Inferior mesenteric (L3)

Question 25

What are the four parts of the duodenum? Which of these are retroperitoneal? Which are supplied by branches of the coeliac trunk and which are supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 25

Supplied by coeliac trunk (foregut):
1. Superior
2. Descending*

Supplied by superior mesenteric artery (midgut):
3. Inferior*
4. Ascending*

• retroperitoneal

Question 26

In what portion of the duodenum are the major and minor duodenal papilla located?

Answer 26

Second (descending) part