Gastrointestinal: Anatomy - Overview of abdominal cavity and viscera Flashcards
How many folds are in the greater omentum?
Four
How many folds are in the lesser omentum?
Two
Where does the greater omentum attach?
From greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
Attaches to anterior transverse colon
Where does the lesser omentum attach?
From lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
Attaches to liver
Free edge forms the hepatoduodenal ligament which conducts the portal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct)
What three ligaments connect the liver to other structures in the abdomen? Which of these are formed as continuous parts of the lesser omentum?
Falciform ligament to anterior abdominal wall
Hepatogastric ligament to stomach*
Hepatoduodenal ligament to duodenum*
- continuous parts of lesser omentum
Describe the ligamentous attachments of the stomach. Which of these are formed as continuous parts of the greater foramen?
Gastrophrenic ligament to inferior diaphragm
Gastrosplenic ligament to spleen
Gastrocolic ligament to transverse colon (this forms the apron of the greater omentum)
All are formed as continuous parts of greater omentum
What is the omental foramen?
Opening that connects the greater sac with the omental burser (behind the stomach and lesser omentum)
Describe the boundaries of the omental foramen
Anterior: lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)
Posterior: IVC and right crus of diaphragm (covered with parietal peritoneum)
Superior: liver
Inferior: 1st part of duodenum
At what vertebral level is the cardial orifice?
T11
At what vertebral level is the pyloric orifice?
L1
Which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Left and right gastric arteries
Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?
Left and right gastro-epiploic arteries
Which arteries supply the fundus and upper body of the stomach?
Short gastric arteries
Posterior gastric arteries
Describe the venous drainage of the stomach
Gastric veins (drain to hepatic portal vein)
Short gastric and left gastro-epiploic veins (join the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein)
Right gastro-epiploic veins (drain to superior mesenteric vein)
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the stomach
Superior 2/3 to gastric lymph nodes
Right inferior 2/3 to pyloric lymph nodes
Left inferior 1/3 to pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
At what vertebral level does the coelic trunk originate from the abdominal aorta?
T12
At what vertebral level does the SMA originate from the abdominal aorta?
L1
At what vertebral level does the renal artery originate from the abdominal aorta?
L1-2 intervertebral disc
At what vertebral level does the middle supra-renal originate from the abdominal aorta?
L1
At what vertebral level does the IMA originate from the abdominal aorta?
L3
At what vertebral level does the gonadal artery originate from the abdominal aorta?
L2
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?
L4 (also where the medial sacral artery originates)
At what level do the common iliac arteries bifurcate into the external and internal iliacs?
L5-S1 intervertebral disc
List the branches of the abdominal aorta from superior to inferior (and the vertebral levels of each)
- Inferior phrenic (with suprarenal; T12)
- Coeliac trunk (T12)
- Superior mesenteric (L1)
- Middle supra-renal (L1)
- Renal (L1-2 intervertebral disc)
- Gonadal (L2)
- Inferior mesenteric (L3)
What are the four parts of the duodenum? Which of these are retroperitoneal? Which are supplied by branches of the coeliac trunk and which are supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
Supplied by coeliac trunk (foregut):
1. Superior
2. Descending*
Supplied by superior mesenteric artery (midgut):
3. Inferior*
4. Ascending*
- retroperitoneal
In what portion of the duodenum are the major and minor duodenal papilla located?
Second (descending) part
