Neurology: Anatomy - Base of skull and cranial nerves Flashcards
Which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Body and lesser wings of sphenoid
Which bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
Body and greater wings of sphenoid (including sella turcica)
Squamous and petrous parts of temporal
Which bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
Mainly occipital
Contribution from petrous and mastoid parts of temporal
Foramen caecum
Nasal emissary vein (1% of population)
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and vessels
Cribiform foramina
Axons of olfactory cells
Optic canal
Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery
Superior orbital fissure
Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve
Sympathetic fibres
Ophthalmic vein
Foramen rotundum
Maxillary branch of trigeminal branch
Foramen ovale
Mandibular branch of trigeminal branch
Accessory meningeal artery
Foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery and vein
Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve (V3)
Foramen lacerum
Deep petrosal nerve
Some meningeal arterial branches and small veins
Internal acoustic meatus
Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Labyrinthine artery
Jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vague nerve
Accessory nerve
Superior bulb of IJV
Inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses
Meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries
Hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal nerve
Foramen magnum
Accessory nerve
Medulla
Meninges
Vertebral arteries
Dural veins
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Which bones and sutures form the anterior fontanelle?
Bones: frontal and parietal bones
Sutures: frontal, sagittal and coronal
Which bones and sutures form the posterior fontanelle?
Bones: parietal and occipital bones
Sutures: lambdoid and sagittal
When do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close?
Anterior: fused by 18 months
Posterior: begins closing within few months, no longer palpable by 12 months
Nerve cell bodies (and synapse), exit, and function of olfactory nerve
SPECIAL SENSORY:
- Nerve cell bodies (and synapse): olfactory epithelium (olfactory cells)
- Exit: cribiform foramina
- Function: smell
Nerve cell bodies (and synapse), exit, and function of optic nerve
SPECIAL SENSORY:
- Nerve cell bodies (and synapse): retina (ganglion cells)
- Exit: optic canal
- Function: vision