Toxicology Flashcards
Carbon disulfide has been associated with?
A. Elevated cholesterol levels and early atherosclerosis
B. peripheral neuropathy (chronic)
C. Encephalopathy & psychosis (acute)
D. Optic neuritis
Biological monitoring for benzene is accomplished by?
Using total urinary phenols for acute overexposure, and complete blood count with differential for compliance with mandated monitoring
Biological half-life of carb oxyhemoglobin is?
4 hrs.
Or 60-90 min with 100%oxygen via face mask.
Which of the following Metals that is implicated in asthma,in the aggressive fibrosing lung disorder, hard metal disease, and has been associated with cardiomyopathy in beer drinkers? A. Cobalt B. copper C. Chromium D. Platinum
A
Health effect of ethylene oxide exposure?
A. Mucous membrane & skin irritant
B. Toxic encephalopathy
C. Mixed motor-sensory peripheral neuropathy
D. Nausea & vomiting
At what level of expose of hydrogen sulfide will olfactory nerve paralysis occurs and employees exposed may be unaware of danger?
150 ppm
Metals and Chemical that can cause peripheral neuropathies?
Metals: lead, arsenic, mercury, thallium
Organophosphate & carbamate pesticides
Acrylamide monomer
Carbon disulfide
Organochlorine insecticide , esp chlordane, and lindane are linked to what diseases?
Aplastic anemia and myeloproliferative disorder.
Acute Thallium intoxication is treated with?
Potassium chloride and Prussian blue.
Potassium chloride infusion to promote urinary excretion. Prussian blue to bind thallium in the GI tract.
Pesticides that causes allergic rhinitis, asthma, and contact dermatitis ?
Pyrethrins, natural pesticides derived from chrysanthemum flowers.
Biological monitoring for xylene exposure?
Urine methyl-hippuric acid
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been linked to?
Neurobehavioral developmental delay.
Infant May be exposed through maternal breast milk secondary to high concentration of PCBs in maternal breast milk.
Urine positive for 6-monoacetylmorphine?
Confirmatory for heroin use/abuse
9 carboxy-THC positive?
- A person with no marijuana smoking history who smokes a single marijuana cigarette may test positive for 1-3 days.
- With repeated smoking, THC accumulates in fatty tissue. Frequent, chronic smokers release THC over a longer time and may continue to produce detectable levels below the cutoff value for a month or long
Degreasers’s flush
Can occur in worker’s drinking alcohol following industrial exposure to trichloroethylene vapor.
2,3,7,8-TCDD
2,3,7,8-Tetrachloridibenzo-p-Dioxin
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
Chronic effect
Chloracne Soft-tissue sarcoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Hodgkin disease Increased risk of: Peripheral neuropathy Heart disease Liver disease Prostate cancer
Vinyl chloride monomer
Chronic effect
Hepatic angiosarcoma
Acroosteolysis, Raynaud phenomenon, skin thickening
Hepatosplenomegaly
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
Chronic effect
Chloracne Soft-tissue sarcoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Hodgkin disease Increased risk of: Peripheral neuropathy Heart disease Liver disease Prostate cancer
Vinyl chloride monomer
Chronic effect
Hepatic angiosarcoma
Acroosteolysis, Raynaud phenomenon, skin thickening
Hepatosplenomegaly
PAH
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PAH
Organic compounds consisting of 3 or more aromatic rings that contain only carbon and hydrogen and share a pair of carbon atom.
Formed by pyrolysis.
Carcinogenic PAHs -those with 5 or 6 rings
PAH Occ exposure
Coal tars
Carbon black
Soots -chimney sweeps-scrotal cancer -described by Percivall Pott in 1775
PAH carcinogenic
By reactive epoxide formation
Styrene
(Vinyl benzene, or phenylenthylene)
Chronic effect
- weakness, HA, fatigue, dizziness
- neuropsychological deficits, color vision loss, sensory nerve conduction slowing
Most reliable indicator of Styrene exposure is?
Urine mandelic acid
Polychlotinated biphenyls
PCB
Chloracne
