Icides Flashcards
What is the best use of Manet?
Fungicide
What is the best use of Diethyltoluamide (DEET)?
Insect repellent
What is the best use of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)?
Insecticide
What is the best use of Paraquat?
Herbicide
Pesticides chemical classes?
- Organophosphates (O-Ps) - parathion, chlorpyrifos
- Carbamate
- Organochlorine - DDT
- Pyrethrum - pyrethins
- Herbicides - 2,4-D, Paraquat, 2,4-D 2,4,5-T - dioxin
O-Ps pesticides
Malathion
Parathion
Chlorpyrifos
Diazinon
Vx nerve gas - methylphosphonothioate
Sarin - methylphosphonofluoriolate
O-Ps vs carbamate
O-Ps inhibit acetylcholinesterase irreversible. Atropine + 2-PAM. 2-PAM (pralidoxime) must give within 24-48 hs after exposure.
Carbamate -cholinesterase deactivated spontaneously, less BBB penetration, no chronic effects. 2-PAM is not necessary for carbamate poisoning.
DUMBELS
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm, bradycardia Emesis Lacrimation Salivation
Measure/test for O-Ps poisoning ?
RBC cholinesterase more specific
Plasma or pseudo cholinesterase more sensitive
Carbamate pesticides poisoning medication choice?
Atropine.
Carbamate pesticides do not form stable bonds with the cholinesterase enzyme like the organophosphates, and 2-PAM has no effect in carbamate poisoning as its action is specific to the phosphorylated enzyme.
Parathion poisoning, what medication to choose?
Both atropine and 2-PAM
- Atropine only competes with acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, does not bind to nicotinic receptors and is ineffective in treating neuromuscular dysfunction.
- Pralidoxime (2-PAM) are cholinesterase deactivating agents that are effective in treating both muscarinic and nicotinic symptoms.
- Pralidoxime should not be administered without concurrent atropine to prevent worsening symptoms due to transient oxime-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
