Respiratory Flashcards
Caplan’s syndrome (rheumatoid pneumoconiosis) is associated with ?
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ( Allergic alveolitis) is caused by exposure to?
Organic dust, esp. Thermophilic bacteria
Most common - “ Farmer’s lung”
Metal fume fever is due to?
Exposure to oxides of heavy metals, esp. Zinc
The most reliable diagnostic tool for monitoring respiratory function in workers exposed to respiratory hazards?
Spirometry (FEV1, FVC)
Cotton dust endotoxin exposure causes what disease?
Byssinosis
Spirometric testing
Volume recording:
FVC
- Forced Vital Capacity
- Total volume of air expelled in spirometer if maneuver
FEV-1
- Forced Expiratory Volume in 1- second
- FEV-1 = volume of air expelled in the first second of expiration
FEV-1/FVC ratio:
FEV-1/FVC ratio
= volume expelled in the first second to the total volume
Spirometric indices
- Normal FEV-1 & FVC
usually both = or > 80% of predicted value - Normal FEV-1/FVC ratio
= or > 70% of predicted
Spirometer indices in Obstructive lung diseases
- FVC: normal
- FEV-1: Low (<70%)
- FEV-1/FVC: Low
Spirometric indices in Restrictive lung disease
- FVC: Low (70%)
- FEV-1: Low(70%)
- FEV-1/FVC: normal
Pneumoconiosis
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
Other
Pneumoconiosis
Dusty lungs after 10-20 years exposure of dust (silica, coal, or asbestos), caused permanent parenchymal fibrotic change
Silicosis is Sensitive to
TB
Anaerobic infection
(Silicosis deposited in the upper lung, decreased the O2 in the upper lung)
X-ray of silicosis
- Upper lung pathology - small round opaque change
2. “Egg shell” nodule -Hila infiltration
Inhalation injury
Irritant gases and fumes
Solubility determines upper or lower airway symptoms