Respiratory Flashcards

0
Q

Caplan’s syndrome (rheumatoid pneumoconiosis) is associated with ?

A

Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis

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1
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ( Allergic alveolitis) is caused by exposure to?

A

Organic dust, esp. Thermophilic bacteria

Most common - “ Farmer’s lung”

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2
Q

Metal fume fever is due to?

A

Exposure to oxides of heavy metals, esp. Zinc

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3
Q

The most reliable diagnostic tool for monitoring respiratory function in workers exposed to respiratory hazards?

A

Spirometry (FEV1, FVC)

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4
Q

Cotton dust endotoxin exposure causes what disease?

A

Byssinosis

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5
Q

Spirometric testing

A

Volume recording:
FVC
- Forced Vital Capacity
- Total volume of air expelled in spirometer if maneuver
FEV-1
- Forced Expiratory Volume in 1- second
- FEV-1 = volume of air expelled in the first second of expiration

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6
Q

FEV-1/FVC ratio:

A

FEV-1/FVC ratio

= volume expelled in the first second to the total volume

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7
Q

Spirometric indices

A
  1. Normal FEV-1 & FVC
    usually both = or > 80% of predicted value
  2. Normal FEV-1/FVC ratio
    = or > 70% of predicted
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8
Q

Spirometer indices in Obstructive lung diseases

A
  1. FVC: normal
  2. FEV-1: Low (<70%)
  3. FEV-1/FVC: Low
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9
Q

Spirometric indices in Restrictive lung disease

A
  1. FVC: Low (70%)
  2. FEV-1: Low(70%)
  3. FEV-1/FVC: normal
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10
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Silicosis
Asbestosis
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
Other

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11
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Dusty lungs after 10-20 years exposure of dust (silica, coal, or asbestos), caused permanent parenchymal fibrotic change

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12
Q

Silicosis is Sensitive to

A

TB
Anaerobic infection

(Silicosis deposited in the upper lung, decreased the O2 in the upper lung)

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13
Q

X-ray of silicosis

A
  1. Upper lung pathology - small round opaque change

2. “Egg shell” nodule -Hila infiltration

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14
Q

Inhalation injury

A

Irritant gases and fumes

Solubility determines upper or lower airway symptoms

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15
Q

Inhalation injury

- Ammonia, sulfur dioxide

A

High water solubility

Upper airway deposit

16
Q

Inhalation injury

- chloride

A

moderate water solubility

Lower airway

17
Q

Inhalation injury

- phosgene, nitrogen oxide

A

low water solubility

Terminal airway

18
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A
Eg. Farmer's lung
      Bagassosis
      Humidifier lung
      Pigeon breeder's lung
      Maple bark-stripper's lung
19
Q

RADS - Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome

A

An irritant asthma
Due to irritating agent, not an immunologic sensitizer
Usually with high or massive exposure to irritating agent

20
Q

Calcification of the diaphragm

A

Is so rare that it’s finding is almost pathognomic for asbestosis

21
Q

Inhalation of anthracite (hard coal) dust is more dangerous than inhalation of bituminous (soft coal) dust

A

Because

  1. The smaller particle size causes more extensive scar formation
  2. Anthracite deposits are associated with higher-level of silica dust.
22
Q

Coal worker pneumoconiosis, or “black lung” develops

A
  • In 12% of all miners

- And up to 50% of anthracite miners with more than 20 years of duty exposure

23
Q
Which of the following occupational causes of interstitial lung disease is associated with higher risk of tuberculosis? 
   A. Coal workers pneumoconiosis 
   B. Berylliosis
   C. Silicosis
   D. Asbestos 
   E. Byssinosis
A

C. Silicosis