ID terms

Question 0

Control of infectious diseases

Answer 0

1. Sanitation and hygiene
2. Vaccination
3. Antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines

Question 1

Diagnostic test for flu/influenza

Answer 1

1. Viral cultures have to be sent to a specialized lab and take days to come back
2. Rapid antigen test can be done on site but has low sensitivity. So if negative, the employee could still have flu.
3. PCR: can be done rapid. The test is sensitive. Requires a nasopharyngeal swab, not nasal like the rapid antigen test. The advantage is that one can use the results to decide on need for treat and whether and when the employee can work.

Question 2

Colonization

Answer 2

Agent infects host continuously without overt evidence of disease or infection.

Question 3

Covert infection

Answer 3

Agent infects host, time-limited, without overt disease (majority of infection)

Question 4

Overt infection

Answer 4

Infection with disease (minority of infection)

Question 5

Infectivity

Answer 5

Ability to evolve/multiply in host

Question 6

ID50

Answer 6

Does of agent necessary to infect 50% of host

Question 7

Infectiousness

Answer 7

Ability to be transmitted to other host

Question 8

Pathogenicity

Answer 8

Ability to cause disease in a susceptible host; to produce clinical illness

Question 9

Virulence

Answer 9

Ability to produce severe clinical illness, including death

Question 10

LD50

Answer 10

Dose of agent necessary to kill 50% of hosts

Question 11

Immunogenicity

Answer 11

Ability to elicit an immune response.

Question 12

Factors to the natural history of infectious disease

Answer 12

Reservoir
Vector
Transmission
Host

Question 13

Incubation time

Answer 13

Time between infection and the creation of overt disease.

Question 14

Generation time

Answer 14

Period between infection and maximal communicability.

Question 15

Herd immunity

Answer 15

Resistance of a population to the spread of disease based on prior immunity of the population.

Question 16

Secondary attack rate

Answer 16

Measures the rate of spread of disease within an exposed group
= ( # of new cases - # of initial cases)/(# of susceptible - # of initial cases)

Question 17

Type of infections in a population

Answer 17

Sporadic
Endemic
Hyperendemic 
Epidemic
Pandemic

Question 18

Sporadic

Answer 18

Occasional cases at irregular interval

Question 19

Endemic

Answer 19

Low level(usual), expected frequency of disease occurrence, the constant presence of a disease within a given geographical area (usual prevalence)

Question 20

Hyper endemic

Answer 20

A gradual increase in the frequency of disease occurrence above endemic level

Question 21

Epidemic

Answer 21

A sudden increase in the frequency of disease occurrence above endemic level (clearly in excess of expected level)

Question 22

Pandemic

Answer 22

An epidemic occurring across continents

Question 23

Epidemic cure

Answer 23

Plot of # of. Cases against time

Question 24

Epi curve for point source

Answer 24

A single jumped with rapid rise and slower return to baseline

Question 25

Epi curve for ongoing source

Answer 25

Rapid rise at onset of exposure to persistent epidemic level

Question 26

Propagated cure with multi- hump

Answer 26

1st peak: Primary attack rate for those exposed to the index case
Subsequent peaks represent 2ndary and beyond attack rates as those in the 1st peak infect others.

Question 27

Vaccine Efficicy

Answer 27

= 1 - (attack rate in vaccinated/attack rate in unvaccinated)

= 1 - (incidence rate in vaccinated/incidence in unvaccinated)