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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Toscana 2 > Flashcards

Toscana 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does Toscana stand in Italian wine production?

A

4th in areas under vine behind Sicilia, Puglia, Veneto and 7th for production

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2
Q

What is the percentage DOC/G, IGT and bulk?

How may DOCGs and DOC?

A

DOC/G 60% / IGT 25% / Bulk 25%

DOCG - 11 / DOC - 41

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3
Q

When was Toscana 1st inhabited?

A

2000 bc;

Etruscans were 1st in 9th c BC

They brought advanced know how in wine making including commercial trade for wines starting in 7th c BC

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4
Q

What is the name for the road connecting Italy to France?

A

Via Francigena

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5
Q

Name the oldest wine making Florentine families in Toscana?

A

Ricasoli - 12th c AD

Frescobaldi - 14th c AD

Antinori - 14th AD

Oldest continually run family wineries

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6
Q

What did the small villages morph into in the 12th c AD? And what were the two most prominent towns?

A

Morphed into communi or city-states.

After 13th c AD - Republic of Siena and Republic of Firenze became super powers.

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7
Q

Who is the oldest, continuously run family vineyard in Tuscany?

A

Ricasoli - 12th c AD

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8
Q

What is the Renaissance in Italia?

A

Rinascimento - marked the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the Modern era

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9
Q

What city during the Rinascimento became most important?

A

Firenze

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10
Q

Who was the most important family in Rinascimento Firenze?

A

Medici family

Defeated Sienna in 1555 AD

FIrenze declared Grand Duchy of Toscana

Cosimo d’Medici became 1st Grand Duke (ruled until 1730)

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11
Q

What was Grand Duke Cosimo de’Medici’s claim to fame?

A

Issued the Bando in 1716 which protected Toscana wines.

4 Delimited Geographic Boundaries

Chianti

Pomino

Carmignano &

Val d’Arno di Sopra

Tried to protect names and reputation from being produced elsewhere

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12
Q

What, where and when was the 1st attempt to introduce delimitation on wine making regions?

A

Firence, Toscana

The Bando (Edict) in 1716 to Protect Chianti, Pomino, Carmignano and Val d’Arno di Sopra

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13
Q

What is the Accademi dei Georgofili?

A

1753, Founded in Firenze - goal to improve and advance agriculture in Toscana

It is still active

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14
Q

Who was the 1st Tuscan to write about Oenology?

A

Cosimo Villifranch

Florentine physician & scholar

Published “Oenologia Toscana”

1st Accurate work about enology in Toscana

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15
Q

What happened to Grand Duchy of Toscana after the Medici reign ended without an heir?

A

Was assigned to the House of Lourraine of France 1737

Eventually became the Kingdom of Sardegna

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16
Q

When did phylloxera hit Toscana?

A

1920s

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17
Q

What is Mezzadria and what is its significance

A

Share cropping - Agriculture system since 9th c BA

Abolished by Italy in 1960s.

Was devestating for wine industry since there was not the work force to help the vineyards.

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18
Q

What is the name of the island chain Elba belongs?

A

Toscana Archipelago

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19
Q

How is Tuscany divided?

A

3 main areas

  1. Alta Maremma - Northern Toscana MAremma
  2. Meremma Grossetana - Southern Toscana Maremma or the “real Maremma”
  3. Maremma Laziale
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20
Q

What was Maremma like prior to 20th century?

A

Was swampy, malaria infested land

Reclaimed in 20th century

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21
Q

What is considered the “true” Meremma

A

Southern Tuscany Maremma or

Maremma Grossentana

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22
Q

What is the climate of Toscana?

A

Transition point on the peninsula between Continental Climate of Padana Plain

and

Mediterranean in Central and Southern Italy

Ligura/Tyrrhenian Sea exert Mediterranean influence which decrease inland

Apennines in North protect from cool northern air currents and a rain barrier making coastal and central/southern drier.

Large number of macro & meso-climates with sea and altitude influences

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23
Q

What are the wettest and driest months in Toscana?

A

July is driest, November wettest

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24
Q

Where are the wettest areas of Toscana?

A

Apennines and Apuan Alps (1,400-20,00mm of rain)

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25
Q

What are the driest parts of Italy?

& Why?

A

Maremma

Elba; Crete Senesi; Parts of Val d’Orcia; East Val di Chiana; All in Central / Southern Toscana

600-800mm

Corsica blocks humid air from west and SW.

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26
Q

What are winters like in Toscana?

A

Snow in Apennines and sometimes in the central hills and valleys

Late frost can pose a risk until April inland.

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27
Q

Where can the highest temperatures be found?

A

Tuscan coast in southern Maremma (15C)

Have less annual and diuranl range than inland

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28
Q

What are the main rivers in Toscana? And which is the largest?

A

Arno

Ombrone

Orcia Rivers

Arno is the largest flowing through Firenze, Pisa

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29
Q

In general what are the soils of Toscana?

A

Clay, limestone, sandstone

Crumbly nature is represented in the rolling hills

Galestio: metamorphic rock found in Toscana (Chianti Classico, Rufina, Montalcino) - crumby schist-like rock with sharp edges and flakes easily

Alberese - fine-grained calacareous marl in central and southern Chianti Classico around Castellina

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30
Q

What type of soil is found around Castellina?

A

Alberese - fine-grained marl

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31
Q

What type of soil is found around Chianti Classico, Rufina and Montalcino?

A

Galestro - metamorphic rock, crumbly clavey, schist like

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32
Q

What areas border Toscana?

A

Liguria, Emilia-Romanga, Marche, Umbria, Lazio

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33
Q

Which statement is false?

a. Coscia blocks Toscana from humid air from the west
b. Drought can be a problem in Maremma
c. The Adriatic Sea greatly influences Toscana’s climate
d. The Apennines protect northern Toscana from cool air currents

A

C. Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas influence Toscana

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34
Q

What are the soils of Montalcino?

A

Galestro - metamorphic, schist like rock

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35
Q

What is the % of red/white grapes grown in Toscana?

A

Red - 80%

White - 20%

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36
Q

What is Toscana’s most widely planted variety?

A

Sangiovese over 60%

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37
Q

What is the 2nd most planted red in Toscana?

A

Merlot

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38
Q

What is the 2nd most important native/traditional red in Toscana?

A

Canaiolo Nero

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39
Q

What are the most important white grapes of Toscana?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

Malvasia Lunga Bianca

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

Ansonica (Inzolla)

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40
Q

What are the important international red grapes?

A

Merlot

CabSab

Syrah

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41
Q

What are the international white grapes planted?

A

Chardonnay

SavBlanc

Pinot Grigio

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42
Q

What does Vernaccia mean?

And what are the 2 most important varieties?

A

Vernaccia belied to be from the Roman Latin “vernaculus” = indigenous/native, relates to unrelated grape varieties

Vernaccia di San Gimignano & Vernacciadi Oristano

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43
Q

What are reds/whites

a. Canaiolo
b. Vernaccia di San Gimignano
c. Trebbiano Toscano
d. Sangiovese
e. Vernaccia di Oristano

A

a. Red
b. White
c. White
d. Red
e. White

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44
Q

What are the typical training systems and vine density in Toscana?

A

Archetto (variation of Guyot)

Cordone Speronato (Cordon spur)

Guyot

5,000-7,000 p ha

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45
Q

What were the wines traditinoal used to soften Sangiovese High Acidity/High Tannins?

A

Canaiolo Nero

Colorino

Mammolo

Malvasia Nera

and white grapes Malvasia/Trebbiano

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46
Q

When did single varietal Sangiovese appear in Toscana?

A

1960/70s

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47
Q

What vessel were traditional Tuscan reds matured? What is today’s practice?

A

Slavonian oak or chestnut

New French barriques (80/90s)

Today botti since 2000

Many producers combine both small and botti as well as new oak

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48
Q

What is the IGT of Toscana?

A

Toscano IGT

Accounts for 30% of the red (almost all the IGT production)

Includes Super Tuscans

One of Italy’s largest by volume and value

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49
Q

Where does Toscana rank for DOC/G, DOCG, DOCs?

A

DOC/G - 1. Piemonte, 2 Toscana, 3 Veneto

DOCG - 1. Piemonte, 2. Veneto, 3. Toscana

DOC: 1. Piemonte, 2. Toscana, 3. Veneto

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50
Q

Who are two people credited with shaping Toscana’s modern winemaking

A

Giulio Gambelli -“il maestro assaggiatore” Master Taster - Brunellos (Poggio di Sotto, Montevertines, Solderas)

Giacomo Tachis - Sassicaia

Particular to red wines

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51
Q

What are Super Tuscans

A

Unofficial category for high quality, expensive red wines starting in 1960/70s

Started as Vino da Tavola lowest quality category before they received DOC status

International varieties usnig French Oak

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52
Q

What was considered the epicenter of Super Tuscans and why?

A

Chianto Classico region

The drive was a dissatisfaction with the obsolete and inflexible Chianti Classico rules (eg mandatory white grapes)

Forced dramatic changes to Classico and other subzones.

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53
Q

Antinori’s Tignanello & Felice’s Vigorello are considered what?​

A

Super Tuscans

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54
Q

What is the Goria Law?

A

in 1992, new Italian wine law introducing IGT for Super Tuscan

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55
Q

Who are some of the Super Tuscan Producers?

A

Sassicaia - Bolgheri Sassicaia

Antinori - Tignanello

Isole e Olena - Cepparello

Flaccianello della Pieve - Colli Toscana Central

Agricola Querciabella - Camartina

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56
Q

What is Vin Santo?

A

A passito, mostly white, wine famous in Toscana

Dates to Middle Ages (Greek and Roman origins)

Trebbiano Toscano & Malvasia Bianca Lunga

Trebbiano = Acidity / Malvasia = body, texture, perfume

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57
Q

How is Vin Santo dried?

A

Appassimento - healthy grapes picked

Dry on racks or straw with aerated lofts or hang

Concentrates sugars and flavors

Duration varies fro Style and DOC rules

Left until December or as late as March

Sometimes noble rot (muffa nobile)

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58
Q

Is Tuscany suitable for Nobel Rot?

A

Generally no

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59
Q

What are caratelli (caretello) and how are they used?

A

Dense sugar must for Vin Santo used to ferment and long maturation for the wine and put in caratelli which are usually 50l barrels made from chestnut, oak, acacia, juniper or cherry

These are old barrels stored in vinsantie no airconditioning subject to temperature fluctuations (fermentation stops in summer and winter too hot/cold)

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60
Q

What are vinsantie

A

Lofts or rooms storing caratelli full of Vin Santo with no AC subject to temperature fluctuations (fermentation stops in summer and winter too hot/cold)

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61
Q

What is Madre?

A

Used to initate fermentation

Wine soakd lees after racking a caratello

New grape juice is kickstarted with Madre.

Older Vin Santo and lees helps new grape juice create character

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62
Q

What is the problem with traditional Vin Santo production and how have producers modernized?

A

Can be unpredicatble since caratello’s are effectively each unique

Use ambient or cultured yeast to control the process and small oak barrels

Makes less distinctive and complex wines compared to traditional

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63
Q

What are the sweetness levels of Vin Santo?

A

Secco (dry) - very uncommon

Abboccato (Medium Dry)

Amabile (Medium Sweet)

Dolce (Sweet)

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64
Q

Difference between Vin Santo and Vino Santo

A

Not the same

Vin Santo - Toscana = Trebbiano + Malvasia

Different approach and DOC rules

vs

Vino Santo - Terntino = Nosiola grape

Always sweet and lower alcohol

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65
Q

What is Governo?

A

Wine making technique to soften Sangiovese

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66
Q

Toscana’s Super Tuscan movement….

a. raised the general standards of Toscana’s wines
b. forced the drastic modifications to regulations
c. was a huge commercial success
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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67
Q

Which statement is false?

a. longer ageing increases Vin Santo’s concentration and complexity
b. Vin Santo is usually racked at least 5 times while ageing
c. Vin Santo may produce in varioud levels of sweetness
d. Vin Santo loses up to 50% of its volume after ageing

A

b. They are racked once

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68
Q

What does Vin Santo mean?

A

Holy Wine

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69
Q

How full are caratello’s filled with Vin Santo?

A

4/5ths of total volume

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70
Q

What is a typical ageing period for the Vin Santo DOCs?

A

Usually 2-3 years, but generally they are aged longer for more complex flavors

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71
Q

Between which two cities is Chianti Classico situated?

A

Firenze & Siena

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72
Q

White grapes are allowed in the Chianti Classico DOCG. True or false?

A

False

Must be made from a minimum 80% Sangiovese (usually 100%) with a maximum 20% from legally sanctioned red grape (Canaiolo, Colorino, Merlot or CabSav)

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73
Q

What is the sub-zone of Chianti DOCG that lies on the outskirts of Firenze?

A

Colli Fiorentini

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74
Q

Montepulciano is the dominant grape variety in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG. True or false?

A

False it is Sangiovese not to be confused with the Marche grape

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75
Q

What is the ‘second’ wine of Carmignano?

A

Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC

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76
Q

Bolgheri Sassicaia is based on Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. True or false?

A

It is minimum 80% CabSav and Cabernet Franc

Most are 85/15%

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77
Q

Name Toscana’s most widely planted grape

A

Sangiovese

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78
Q

What is the southernmost sub-zone of Chianti DOCG?

A

Colli Senesi

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79
Q

What is the ‘second’ wine of Montalcino?

A

Rosso di Montalcino DOC

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80
Q

Is Aleatico a red or white grape variety?

A

Red

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81
Q

Is Toscana predominantly planted to red or white grapes?

A

80% red planting and 90% red production

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82
Q

Name the only DOCG appellation on Elba Island

A

Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG

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83
Q

What is the latest category introduced in the Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

1. Gran Selezione - (since 2013 for 2010 vintage and beyond) - 13% ABV (30 months; 3 in bottle - lab tested)

2. Chianti Classico Riserva - 12.5% ABV (24 months ageing; 3 in bottle)

3. Chianti Classico (annata) 12% ABV (Oct 1st year after harvest)

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84
Q

The Super Tuscans is an official category within the Italian DOC/G system. True or false?

A

No they are not. Most are under IGT

85
Q

In France Trebbiano Toscano is known as …

A

Ugni Blanc

86
Q

Bolgheri Sassicaia is a sub-zone of Bolgheri DOC. True or false?

A

No it is a separate unique subzone

87
Q

Chianti DOCG allows for the use of max 30% of white grapes. True or false?

A

False. Whites cannot exceed 10%

88
Q

How many bottles of wine does Chianti DOCG produce?

A

Over 100 million

89
Q

Chianti DOCG overlaps Chianti Classico DOCG. True or false?

A

False. Chianti DOCG covers and area that surround Chianti Classico DOCG

90
Q

What is Toscana’s principal dry white wine?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

91
Q

What is the name of the rosato wine produced in Carmignano?

A

Vin Ruspo

92
Q

What does ‘Coltura Promiscua’ mean?

A

Mixed Crop Cultivation

93
Q

The Montepulciano DOCG is located to the east of Montalcino. True or false?

A

True

94
Q

Name Toscana’s most widely white grape variety

A

Trebbiano Toscano

95
Q

What is the largest of the central Italian regions.

A

Toscana

96
Q

By law Morellino di Scansano DOCG is made from 100% Sangiovese. True or false?

A

False - only 85% Sangiovese (Morellino) is required

97
Q

Which grape is a natural cross between Ciliegiolo and Calabrese Montenuovo?

A

Sangiovese - though debated whether Ciliegiolo is actually an offspring of Sangiovses. And some studies suggest it may be Negrodolce rather than Calabrese Montenuovo

98
Q

Initially the Super Tuscans were bottled under which quality category?

A

Vino da Tavola

99
Q

Vin Santo is usually made from Trebbiano Toscano and Vernaccia di San Gimignano. True or false?

A

False

Typically Trebbiano and Malvasia Bianca Lunga are used as a blend where Trebbiano adds acidity, Malvasia provides perfume, body and texture

100
Q

What is a pink Vin Santo called?

A

Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice (Partrdge Eye)

Made from red grapes usually Sangiovese

101
Q

What is Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice (Partrdge Eye) typically made from?

A

Sangiovese

102
Q

Suvereto DOCG is located to the south-east of Bolgheri DOC. True or false?

A

True

103
Q

What is the local name for Sangiovese in Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile

104
Q

Which was the first Italian wine to receive DOC status?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano (1966)

And zone of production within boundaries of Chianti and Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG

105
Q

What Tuscan DOC is renowned for its signature varietal Syrah?

A

Cortona DOC

106
Q

Vin Santo can only be produced from white grapes. True or false?

A

False. Typically it is Trebbiano and Malvasia

But pink Vin Santo can be made from red grapes typically Sangiovese

107
Q

Vino Santo is a traditional specialty of Toscana. True or false?

A

False - Vin Santo is from Tuscany

Vino Santo is from Trentino

108
Q

Name Toscana’s easternmost appellation

A

Cortona DOC

109
Q

Brunello di Montalcino can be declassified to Rosso di Montalcino DOC. True or false?

A

True

110
Q

How many sub-zones are in the Chianti DOCG? And what are they

A

Seven

Rufina

Colli Fiorentini

Colli Aretini

Colline Pisane

Montalbano

Montespertoli

Colli Sensei

111
Q

What is the historic symbol of the Chianti Classico DOCG wines?

A

Gallo Nero Black Rooster

112
Q

What designation represents the top of the Chianti Classico pyramid?

A

Gran Selezione

113
Q

What is the local name for Sangiovese in the area around Scansano in southern Maremma?

A

Morellino

114
Q

Brunello di Montalcino has the longest ageing requirements after Barolo. True or false?

A

False

Brunello has the longed ageing requirements in all of Italy

4 years (2 years in oak 4 months in bottle)

115
Q

The mild climatic conditions of Val di Cornia are similar to Bolgheri and therefore quite suitable for Bordeaux grapes. True or false?

A

True

116
Q

Bolgheri DOC can produce red, white and rosé wines. True or false?

A

True

117
Q

Red wines in Bolgheri DOC are usually crafted from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc. True or false?

A

True

118
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG can be declassified to Chianti DOCG. True or false?

A

False - Chianti DOCG lies outside of Classico

119
Q

By law Chianti Classico DOCG must be made from 100% Sangiovese. True or false?

A

False - 80% Sangiovese minimum

120
Q

Which sub-zone of Chianti DOCG is considered to produce some of the most distinctive wines in the appellation?

A

Rufina

121
Q

The Tuscan caratelli are wooden barrels traditionally used to mature red wines. True or false?

A

False - used for Vin Santo

122
Q

In Carmignano DOCG Sangiovese is traditionally blended with a small proportion of what grape/s?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc

123
Q

Brunello is a grape variety that is related but different than Sangiovese. True or false?

A

False - Brunello is Sangiovese

124
Q

Match the appellation with an accurate description

Montecarlo DOC - Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC - Bolgheri DOC

  1. Initially created for whites and rosatos
  2. Single Estate Appellation
  3. Longstanding renown for Trebbiano Based wines
A

Montecarlo DOC - Longstanding renown for Trebbiano Based wines

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC - Single Estate Appellation

Bolgheri DOC - Initially created for whites and rosatos

125
Q

What are the famous Bolgheri DOC estates?

A

Grattamacco

Tenuta dell’Orenellaia

Le Macchiole

Michel Santa

Ca’ Marcanda

Guado al Tasso

126
Q

What are the famous Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC estates?

A

Tenuta San Guido

127
Q

What does Sassicaia mean?

A

Sassi = stone

Generally means stony, gravely soil

128
Q

Elba Aleatico Passito is a sweet red wine T/F

A

True

129
Q

Match appellation

Montecucco DOC - Morellino di Scansano DOCG - Maremma DOC

  1. Always a Sangiovese varietal
  2. Separated from Montalcino by Orcia River
  3. Covers the entire Grosseto Province
A

Montecucco DOC - Separated from Montalcino by Orcia River

Morellino di Scansano DOCG - Always a Sangiovese varietal

Maremma DOC - Covers the entire Grosseto Province

130
Q

Which statements are correct?

a. Cortona is Toscana’s easternmost DOC
b. Cortona growing area has marked diurnal temperature swings
c. Cortona receives the most rainfall in all of Toscana
d. Corton is Toscana’s only appellation for Sagratino
e. Varietal Chardonnay can be made under Cortona DOC

A

a, b, e

Cortona’s signature grape is Syrah

131
Q

Which statements are correct

a. Montalcino produced whites wines from Moscatoin the 16th century
b. Brunello is unrelated to Sangiovese
c. Wines called Brunello have been sold commercially since the Middle ages
d. The formation of a cooperative saved Montalcino’s vineyards after phylloxera struck
e. The original Brunello di Montalcino disciplinair was based on practices adopted by Tancredi Biondi-Santi

A

a, d, e

b - Brunello is Sangiovese

c. Brunello was only mentioned as early as 18th c AD

132
Q

Describe Montalcino’s area

A

Wingrowing is a 15km square

133
Q

Describe Montepulciano

A
  1. Cooler termperatures with less Med influence
  2. Lies on Umbrian border
  3. Homogeneous, characteristically sandy soils
134
Q

Match Montalcino with accurate description:

  1. Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
  2. Rosso di Montalcino DOC
  3. Brunello di Montalcino Riserva DOCG
    a. minimum 4 years aging
    b. wood aging is not madatory
    c. minimum 5 years aging
A
  1. Brunello di Montalcino DOCG - 4 years minimum
  2. Rosso di Montalcino DOC - no wood
  3. Brunello di Montalcino Riserva DOCG - 5 years
135
Q

Match Montalcino subzone with description

City of Montalcino

Torrenieri

Tavernelle

Sant’Angelo Scalo

a. warmest, driest
b. NE corner with cooler climate, clay soils
c. Original historic winegrowing area
d. Stony calcareous soils at medium altitude

A

City of Montalcino - Original historic winegrowing area

Torrenieri - NE corner with cooler climate, clay soils

Tavernelle - Stony calcareous soils at medium altitude

Sant’Angelo Scalo -warmest, driest

136
Q

The Carmignan winegrowing area is almost entirely overlapped by which appellation?

A

Chianti Montalbano DOCG

137
Q

What is Chianti Storico?

A

The original zone of production delineated in the 14th century

138
Q

What villages are included in Chianti Classico DOCG

A

Gaiole

Castellina

Radda

139
Q

Where is Toscana were Carbernet grapes 1st planted?

A

Carmignano

140
Q

Which statement is false

a. Soils of Vernaccia di San Gimignano are volcanic
b. Vernaccia di San Gimignano was traditionally fermented with skin contact
c. San Gimignano is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
d. Vernaccia di San Gimignano was Italy’s 1st DOC

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano soils are marine in origin with yellow sand, yellow clay and calcareous marls

141
Q

What is Vin Ruspo

A

A Rosato produced in Carmignano

142
Q

What is the grape of Cortona DOC?

A

Syrah

143
Q

Which appellation is not based on Sangiovese?

a. Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
b. Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
c. Bolgheri DOCG
d. Montecucco DOC

A

C. Bolgheri DOCG

144
Q

Which area does not have Galestro Soils?

a. Montalcino
b. Chianti Classico
c. Scansano
d. Rufina

A

C. Scansaon which has light alluvial to sand and silt

145
Q

Which statement is false?

a. Chianti Classico has one of Italy’s lowest mandated yields
b. White varieties can be included in the Chianti Classico blend
c. Chianti Classico from higher sites tends to be elegant and perfumed
d. Chianti Classico can contain 100% Sangiovese

A

b. white varieties are not allowed

146
Q

Which of the following sub-zones are considered to produce the highest quality of wine?

a. Motalbano, Colli Aretini, Colli Senesi
b. Montespertoli, Rufina, Colline Pisane
c. Colli Fiorentini, Collie Senesi, Clline Pisane
d. Colli Senesi, Rufina, Colli Fiorentini

A

d. Colli Senesi, Rufina, Colli Fiorentini

147
Q

Montalcion has historically been 100% Sangiovese, why?

a. higher elevations precluded other grapes from being planted there
b. wamer climate allows the grapes to achieve full ripeness consistently
c. Tradtion, Sangiovese has been the main grape for Montalcino for 600 years
d. Sangiovese is the only grape that grows well in the local granic soils.

A

b. wamer climate allows the grapes to achieve full ripeness consistently

c. Sangiovese has only been around since 18th c AD

148
Q

Which appellation is most associated with the governo wine making technique?

a. Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
b. Bogheri Sassicaia DOC
c. Rosso di Montalcino DOC
d. Chianti DOCG

A

d. Chianti DOCG

149
Q

How are Toscana’s appellations divided?

A

Those on or near the coastl (Liguria to Lazio)

Those inland.

150
Q

How is the Coastline sub-divided?

A

4 subdivisions

1. Northern Tuscan - Liguria to Lucca

  1. Northern Tuscan Maremma - Livorno to Piombino “Costa degli Etruschi” Cost of Etruscans (includes Sassicaia
  2. Southern Tuscan Maremma - “Maremma Grossetana” or just Maremma
  3. Elba - 3td biggest island 10k of coast between Ligurian & Tyrrhenian Sea
151
Q

Where is Montecarlo and what is special about it?

A

Near Lucca and vines have grown there since the 9th c AD

Renown for its Trebbiano- based wines during 15/16th c

Everything changed in 1870 with intro of French grapes (including red)

152
Q

What is unique about Montecarlo DOC?

A

North Coast Tuscany

Trebbiano (30-60%) based which must have at least 3 French white grapes

Pinot Bianco, Semillon, SavBlanc, Roussane, Vermentino

Reds are based on Sangiovese (50-75%) - blended with Canaiolo, Merlo & Syrah (15-40%) plus 1 or more of Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Malvasia Nera di Brindis/Lecce, CabSav & CabFranc (10-30%

Risera 2 years aged

Styles: Vin Santo, Pink Vin Santo and Varietals from Vermentino, Sav, Syrah, CabSav, Merlot

153
Q

What is the only Single Estate DOC in Italy and when was it granted?

A

Bogheri Sassicaia DOC in 2013

And Bolgheri had zero reputation before the release in the 1970s

154
Q

What was the initial problem & soultion with Sassicaia?

A

Rochetta’s initial plantings in gravel were subpar.

Moved to a more stony, gravelly soil sassicaia

sassi = stones.

Released 1st vintage in 1968 onto the markets in 1972

Initially released as Vino de Tavola and lasted until 1994 ►Bolgheri DOC status ►its own separate Bolgheri Sassicaia 2013

155
Q

Who helped Bolgheri get on the map, how and when?

A

Marche’s Mario Incisa della Rocchetta moved his estate Tenuta San Guido to Bolgheri in 1940s

found gravelly soils and planted CabSav/CabFranc

Released in 1970s

156
Q

Tenuta San Guido

A

The only producers of Bolgheris Sassicaia

157
Q

Name the estates of Bolgheri and what they did for the region?

A

Grattamacco, Tenuta dell’Ornellaia, Le Macchine, Michele Satta, Ca’ Marcando, Castello di Bolgheri & Cuado al Tasso

‘80/90s transformed the Bogheri DOC from whites/roses only to an area into a dynamic red wine making.

158
Q

What are the 2 primary areas in Northern Maremma

A

Bolgheri & Val di Cornia

159
Q

Where did producers start expanding outside of Bolgheri as land prices increased in 1990s?

A

Val di Cornia - climate is similar to Bordeaux

DOC focus on whites

DOCGs entirely on reds

160
Q

Where in Toscana does Sangiovese show a riper character with dark cherry and plum fruit?

A

Southern Maremma

161
Q

Why was Montalcino important in wine history?

A

Been producing wines since Middle Ages

Lies on Via Francigena which helped the local wine industry

Been quality since 16 c AD when wines were made of Moscato (Moscadello) and even exported to England

162
Q

When was the 1st Brunello documented in history?

A

1869

“Vino Rosso Scelto (Brunello) 1865”

Won a silver medal at agri fair in Montalpulciano

163
Q

What does Brunello mean?

A

Little Dark One

164
Q

What is ​”Cantina Sociale Biondi Santi e C”

A

This was a coop formed in the 1920s after phylloxers hit Montalcino

Founded by Tancredi Biondi great-grandson to Santi

Was active until 1944

165
Q

What was Brunellogate (Burenellopoli)?

A

Feb 2008 - illegal blending in Montalcino

A 7 producers blended Sangiovese with other grapes breaking the 100% requirement

Got fined and declassified.

in 2008, some producers proposed to reduce the 100% requirement to 96%. It didnt pass.

166
Q

What are the rivers that almost surround Montalcino?

A

Asso River

Orcia River

Ombrone River

15km wide “square”

Exaclty its municipal area

Irregular hills and 4 irregular slopes

167
Q

What are the Sub-Areas of Montepulciano?

A

Western Appellation - includes hills around Montepulciano

Eastern Appellation - Encompasses hills surrounding town of Valiano

168
Q

What are Sangiovese and Grechetto Bianco known in Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile

Pulcinculo

169
Q

Where is renown for Vin Santo with some of Italy’s best?

A

Vin Santo di Montepulciano

170
Q

Chianti Storico

A

Geographical zone between Firenze and Sienna

“Historic Chianti”

Represents the original zone of production officially delineated in the 14th Century

171
Q

Chianti Classico

A

Wines produced in Chianti Storico (original 14th c) which falls within Chianti Classico DOCG

172
Q

Chianti

A

Designation that is the result of expansion around Chianti Storico (original 14th Centurty classification)

Expansion occured in 1930s

Wines produced here call within the Chianti DOCG (outside Chianti Classico) wines are different

173
Q

What is the Lega del Chianti

A

League of Chianti 1384 - official act for historical zone of origin

Chianti Storico (to become Chianti Classico)

174
Q

What is the Gallo Nero?

A

Black Rooster the historic symbol of League of Chianti (now for Chianti Classico)

Medieval ledge about hostility between Firenze and Sienna

175
Q

What are Vino all’uso di Chianti?

A

“Wines of Chianti”

Wines produced with the same grapes as Chianti Storico that were made outside historic area

176
Q

What is the formation of Consorzio

A

In 1924, to combat fraud, 33 producers in historic formed the Consorzio to protect image and quality

They adopted the Gallo Nero

1927 - they formalized the boundaries

177
Q

What is the regulation of Chianti’s Boundaries?

A

In 1934, Italian goernment sought to regulate Chianti’s name

Expanded Chianti outside historic but classified them Classico.

Designated the 6 additional subzones

178
Q

How many communes in Chianti Classico?

A

9

Total area in Chianti

Castellina in Chianti

Greve in Chianti

Radda in Chianti

Gaiole in Chianti

Sections in Chianti

Barberino Val d’Elsa

Castelnuovo Berardenga

Poggibonsi

S. Casciano in Val di Pesa

Tavernelle Val di Pesa

179
Q

What is macigno?

A

Sandstone name in Chianti Classico

180
Q

What are some of the unofficial subzones of Chianti Classico that have produced some distinctive wines?

A

Monti

Lamole

Ruffoli

Panzano

181
Q

What is a Signoria?

A

Lordship aka Medicis

182
Q

What is the largest region in Central Italy?

A

Toscana

183
Q

What are the Vin Santos of Tuscany?

A

Vin Santo del Chianti (DOC)

Vin Santo del Chianti Classico (DOC)

Vin Santo di Carmignano (DOC)

Vin Santo di Montepulciano (DOC)

Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice (Montecarlo Pink version)

184
Q

What is the only white DOCG in Toscana?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

185
Q

In 1384, what was did Firenze put in place to establish the 1st boundaries in Chianti Storico (Classico)?

A

Lega del Chianti

186
Q

What are Vino all’uso di Chianti?

A

Wines produced with the same grapes, formula and manner outside of Chianti Storico.

187
Q

What boxes Chianti Classico in?

A

Monti Del Chianti (east)

Elsa Valley (west)

Firenze and the Arno River (north)

Siena (south)

188
Q

What are the rivers that traverse Chianti Classico

A

Greve River & Pesa River flow north to Arno River

Arbia River flows south to Ombrone River

189
Q

What is limestone know locally in Chianti Classico?

A

Macigno

190
Q

What style can Vin Santo Occhio di. Pernice del Chianti Classico be made?

A

Only SWEET

191
Q

What are the most prominent unofficial subzones of Chianti Classico?

A

Monti

Lamole

Ruffoli

Panzano

192
Q

What are the most well known and historic sud-zones of Chianti Classico?

A

Castellina

Radda

Gaiole

193
Q

How big is Chiant versus Chianti Classico?

A

Twice as big with 7 subzones.

194
Q

What is one of Italy’s largest, productive and most exported appellations?

A

Chianti DOCG as largest, most productive and most exported.

195
Q

What is the only Chianti DOCG that does not allow white grapes?

A

Colli Senesi

196
Q

What is the only Chianti DOCG subzone that has different requirements?

A

Colli Senesi

Min 75% Sangiovese

Max 10% CabSav/CabFrank

No White Grapes

197
Q

What is the highest and coolest sub-zone in either Chianti of Chianti Classico?

A

Rufina

198
Q

What is unique about Cortona Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice DOC?

A

It is made from 100% Sangiovese and/or Malvasia Nera

199
Q

What is Vino Rosso Scelto (Brunello) 1865

A

Clemente Santi’s 1st awarding winning Brunello that won a silver medal in a fair in 1869.

1st time Brunello is mentioned.

200
Q

What divideds Montepucliano?

A

The Canal di Chianar creates the Val di Chiana which separates the main growing area from Valiano in the NE

201
Q

Where in Montalcino are grapes harvest the earliest?

A

Sant’Angelo Scalo – S/SW hottest climate, arid, low altitude – marine-clay, sandm limestone – to – alluvial from Orcia River. Grapes usually harvested early here 1-2 weeks than higher altitudes. More approachable wines

202
Q

What 4 appellations fall under Consorzio del Vino Brunello di Montalcino

A

1. Brunello di Montalcino

2. Rosso di Montalcino

3. Sant’Antimo DOC

4. Moscadello di Montalcino DOC

203
Q

What is unique about the soils of Montepulciano?

A

The soils are Sandy and Homogenous

204
Q

Who recieved its DOCG before Chianti or Chianti Classico?

A

Chianti received its designation in 1984 while Chianti Classico did not receive its designation until 2006

205
Q

What is the largest and smallest sub-zone in Chianti DOCG?

A

Largest - Senesi

Smallest - Rufina

206
Q

What DOC produces elegant Syrah?

A

Cortona DOC

207
Q

What region is most associated with governo or the process of drying grapes for 2nd fermentation?

A

Chianti

208
Q

What region in Southern Italy boast some of the latest harvest?

A

Campania given the altitude for some vineyards

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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