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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Campania 2 > Flashcards

Campania 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who has the highest population density in Italy?

A

Campania

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2
Q

What peoples settled Campania?

A

Greek –> Etruscans –> Saminites –> Romans (4th BC - 5th AD) –>

Ostrogoths –> Byzantines –> Lombards (6th AD) –> Norman

and then multiple dynasty 18th c AD Spanish Bourbon incorporated into Kingdom of Sicily –> Kingdom of Italy

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3
Q

What was the term for ancient Greek population in Italy?

A

Magna Graecia

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4
Q

What did the Greeks introduce to Italy?

A

Bush trained vines

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5
Q

When and what did the Etruscans introduce to Campania?

A

From 7th c BC - 5th c BC

Introduced vine training up trees Alberta

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6
Q

When did Vesuvio erupt?

A

79 AD

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7
Q

When did Phylloxera arrive to Campania?

A

1930s

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8
Q

When did the rebirth of Campania’s wine industry take place?

A

1980s after devastating earthquake

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9
Q

Where is Campania located?

A

SW Italy facing Tyrrhenian Sea

Napoli - capital

200mile coast line

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10
Q

What is Campania’s climate

A

Altitude plays a significant role in climate

Coast Band - Mild winters, warm summers

Hilly & Mountains - More continental with significant diurnal swings due to Southern Apennines

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11
Q

What are the annual rainfall levels in Campania?

A

Given the mountains, coastal regions get ample rainfall

Coastal - Can reach 900-1,000mm per year (14-16C)

Mountains - Can reach 1,500mm per year (11-13C)

Concentrated rain in Autumn and Winter

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12
Q

Describe Campania’s Topography

A

Varied and irregular

Flat plains with steep rocky cliffs

Plains - 15%

Hlls - 51%

Mountains - 34%

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13
Q

How is Campania divided?

A

Coastal Band - Campania & Sele

Inland Band - Southern Apennines

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14
Q

What is the longest and most important river in Southern Italy (Campania)?

A

Volturno River

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15
Q

Rank the rivers of Campania

A
  1. Volturno
  2. Sele River
  3. Calore - empties in Volturno
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16
Q

Soil types in Campania?

A

Volcanic - Lave, Lapilli, Pumice, Pyroclast, Tuff

Inland Ash

Loose volcanic soils prevented phylloxera which allows old and ungrafted vines

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17
Q

How many indigenous grapes are found in Camapania?

A

Over 100- one of the highest regions in Italy

Most not listed in Italy’s National Registry

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18
Q

How important are International varieties in Campania?

A

Irrelevant

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19
Q

What is mainly planted in Campania?

A

Red grapes 60%

Aglianico - 30%

Piedirosso (means read foot) - 3%

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20
Q

What is the most widely planted white grapes?

A

Falaghina - 12%

Greco - 3%

Fiano - 4%

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21
Q

What are the surprising uncommon grapes in Campania?

A

Barbera - 6%

Sangiovese - 5%

Malvasia B di Candia - 5%

Government promted for productivity in 1950s

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22
Q

Aglianico

A

Italian Noble Grape - “Barolo of the South”

Campania’s greatest variety

Important in Avellino and Benevento

Thick Skin, Very Late RIpening

Susceptible to Hot, Drought conditions

Performs well at altitude and volcanic soils

High Tannin, High Acidity

Only picked when fully ripe and matured in oak and bottle aged

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23
Q

Piedirosso

A

Ancient, native Campania grape

Most important after Aglianico

Blended to add Perfume and soften Aglianico’s tannins

Soft Mouth Feel

Bright, Integrated Acidity, Fragrant Floral and Red Fruit with Herbal Notes

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24
Q

Falanghina

A

One of Campania’s oldest grapes

Popular since 1990s

Grown in ALL of Campania’s wine districts

Vinified as varietal and blend

Delicate Floral, Aromatic Herbal, Refreshing Acidity

Still, Dry, Unoaked and released a few months after harvest

2 distinct varieties F. Flegrea & F. Beneventana

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25
Q

What is unique about Falanghina?

A

Once thought to be 1 variety

DNA proves 2 distinct

Falanghina Flegrea

&

Falanghine Beneventana

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26
Q

What is difference between Falaghina Flegrea & Falaghina Beneventana

A

F. Fregrea - historic reputation, widespread in Napoli & Caserta - Falerno del Massico / Campi Flegrei DOCs

F. Beneventana - recently ID. More common in Benevento province - Falanghina del Sannio DOC

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27
Q

Greco di Tufo

A

Greco amongst the most ancient and finest whites of Campania

Home is in Iripina around Tufo

Late Ripening, Hard to grow, prone to fungal disease

High Polyphenol content = easily oxidized and creates high levels of Volatile Acids - handed carefully

Well structured, High Acidity, Round, Full Body

This grape is distinct from Greco Bianco - Calabria

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28
Q

Are Greco and Grechetto related?

A

No probably called this because of Greek origin and reference ancient Greek sweet wine

Was popular in the Middle Ages

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29
Q

What is Aminea Gemina Minor?

A

Greco that has grown a second noticeable wing cluster “double bunch” hence gemini

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30
Q

Fiano

A

Campania’s most Noble White Grape

Considerd one of the best Italian

Believed to be native to Irpinia, in town of Lapio

Devestated by phylloxera in 20th and world wars

Brought back by Antonio Mastroberdino 1940s

Ages well in bottle

Fiano di Avelino

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31
Q

Biancolella

A

White Grape Native Ischia, Campania

Medium ABV, Medium Acidity

Citrus, Herbal, Almond, sometime Tropical with saline finish

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32
Q

Coda di Volpe Bianca

A

Ancient white grape, Exclusive to Campania

“White Foxtail” referring to shape of cluster which looks like a fox tail

Plays secondary role to soften Fiano, Greco, Falaghina

Starting to do varietals (Sannio & Irpinia)

Medium Acidity, needs careful harvest not to lose acidity

Golden Color

Wines range from austere to mineral and soft, Full, RIch Ripe Pear, Stone and Exotic Fruit, Spice

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33
Q

What were Campania’s old trellising systems and what replaced them?

A

Pergola & Alberata (trained on trees)

replaced with

Guyot

Cordone Speronato

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34
Q

What is the vine density in Campania?

A

One of the most densely planted regions

4,000-7,000 vines per ha

20,000 ha - 4% of Italy’s total wine production

Can find very old vines, on terraced vineyards

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35
Q

What is the breakdown for DOC/G

IGT

Vino

A

DOC/G <20% (doubled in last 10 years)

IGT - 10%

Vino - 70% generic without origin

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36
Q

What is Campania’s Province breakdown

A

Caserta

Napoli

Benevento

Avellino

Salerno

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37
Q

Describe Caserta Province

A

Diverse and growing in significance

Aglianico & Falaghina planted on volcanic soils

Has appellations based on very unique grapes

Falerno del Massico Bianco DOC - base is Falaghina

Topology: vines around Monte Massico & foothills of Roccamonfina in north (up to 300m)

Soils: Volcanic top-soil, limestone subsoil

38
Q

Falerno del Massico DOC

A

Caserta Province, Campania

Founded 1989 - aiming to revive Romans 1st growth appellation, Falernum

Same region as the Original Romans

Aglianico, Piedirosso & Primativo (found virtually only in Puglia considered a tradition here)

Falaghina is white grape

Supple, Velvety less austere than Aglianico produced inland

39
Q

What is Monte Massico and Roccamonfina?

A

Monte Massico a massif calcareous located in the center of the appellation (Falerno) near coastal town of Mondragone

Roccamonfina - extinct volcano

40
Q

Falerno del Massico Rosso DOC

A

Aglianico based wine with small portions of Piedirosso

Supple, Velvety less austere than Aglianico produced inland

Riserva - 2 years ageing required 1 year wood

41
Q

Falerno del Massico Primativo DOC

A

Primativo planted sought and SE of Monte Massico

Greated impact from the sea

Powerful, Structured, Concentrated varietal

Riserva - 2 years ageing required 1 year wood

42
Q

Falerno del Massico Bianco DOC

A

Falaghina usually Flegrea

Fragrant and fruity

Francesco Avallone of Vila Matilde recovered and propagated Falaghina in 1970s to save the grape

43
Q

History of Falernum

A

Said Bacchus appeared on Monte Massico to help a farmer who offered everything but wine. Bacchus turned the milk into wine and slopes of Monte Massico into lush vineyards

Roman appellation - 1st in history - Declined after 5th AD

White wine maybe Falaghina or Greco or even Anglianico

Pliny the Elder even mentioned the wine could catch fire if near a flame

Falernum Faustianum - most prestigious - mid-level on hilly slope

Falernum Caucinum - 2nd tier - highest elevatino on the hills

Falerum - low-lying vineyards

44
Q

How was Falernum made?

A

Exposed to sun or smoked

Honey, spice, resins of sea water added

Aged in clay for up to 10 years

Powerful, Dark Amber needed to be diluted with water

45
Q

How many DOC/DOCGs in Campania

A

4 DOCGs / 15 DOCs = 20%

IGT = 10%

Bulk 70%

80% are small vineyards with less than 5ha

20,000 ha

4% of Italy

46
Q

Describe Central Coast Appellations in Campania

A

Climate: All face the sea and mild Mediterranean climate

Soils: Volcanic

Signature Black grape: Pierdirosso

47
Q

Campi Flegrei DOC

“Burning Fields” in Greek

A

Large volcanic depression west of Napoli with intense volcanic activity - Dormant for 400 years

This area including Lake Avento was considered to be gate way to Roman underworld

Looks over Pozzuoli Bay

Procida (included in Campi Flegrer) and Ischia stand in front of Campi Fleigrei

50-200m ASL

On steep slopes require retaining walls

Soils: volcanic, ash, lipilli, pumices and yellow Tufo

Grape: Piedirosso

48
Q

Avera DOC / Asprinio di Aversa DOC

A

Based on native grape Asprinio around Aversa

Terrain - mostly flat/fertile with Tufo subsoil and deep layers of volcanic material

Unique because it its training system Alberta Aversana - link to Estruscans - Trained very high (usually ungrafted, old, phylloxera free vines) using Popular & Elm Trees

Canopies can reach 10-15m above the ground and harvests use special ladders to climb

This is protected by Disciplinare

Min 85% Asprino adn 100% for spumante

Traditionally fizzy, these are stored in underground Tufo caves

49
Q

Campi Flegrei Piedirosso

A

The varietal, must contain 90% Piedirosso and usually 100%

Riserva 2 years of ageing

Rosato and passito allowed

50
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in Campi Flegrei?

A

Falaghina Flegrea

51
Q

Campi Flegrei Falaghina

A

90% Falaghina usually 100%

52
Q

What are Campania’s IGT

A

Benevento IGT

Campania IGT

Roccamonfina IGT

Colli di Salerno IGT

53
Q

What is the most important IGT in Campania and Italy?

A

Beneventano IGT which covers the entire Beneventano province

54
Q

What are Campania’s major subregions?

A

Sannio - Benevento province

Irpinia - Avelino province

Cilentro - southern portion of Salerno province

Terra di Lavoro - Shared with Caserta and Lazio

55
Q

What Campania subregion is shared with Lazio?

A

***Terra di Lavoro - Shared with Caserta and Lazio***

56
Q

What are the 3 sub-zones in the Costa d’Amalfi?

A

Ravello

Furore

Tramonti

57
Q

What is the largest wine growning district in Campania

A

Sannio - which is the entire winegrowing district within Benevento province’s historic subzone.

58
Q

What is the principal and most prestigious appellation for wines made from the Greco grape variety?

A

Greco di Tufo DOCG

59
Q

“Apianum” is the ancient Latin name for which grape variety?

A

Fiano

60
Q

Name the principal and longest river in Campania

A

Volturno

61
Q

The winegrowing area of the Sorrento Peninsula falls under which Campanian DOC?

A

Penisola Sorrentina DOC

62
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Campania?

A

Aglianico

63
Q

What was the first DOCG appellation in southern Italy?

A

Taurasi DOCG

64
Q

Which ancient civilisation instituted the practise of low-trained bush vines in Campania?

A

Greeks

65
Q

Biancolella is considered native to which volcanic island?

A

Ischia

66
Q

Which wine producer is universally considered the founding father of Campania’s modern wine industry?

A

Anotnio Mastrobererdino

67
Q

What is the minimum ageing time required for Aglianico del Taburno DOCG?

And Vulture?

A

2 years

3 years

68
Q

What is the auxiliary grape that is allowed for a maximum of 15 % in the wines of Greco di Tufo? DOCG?

A

Coda di Volpe Bianca

69
Q

Which historic sub-region is Campania’s southernmost winegrowing area?

A

Cilento

70
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape variety in Campania?

A

Falaghina

71
Q

Name the main vine training system in the Costa d’Amalfi DOC

A

Pergola

72
Q

Per’ e’ Palummo is the synonym for what grape variety?

A

Piedirosso

73
Q

Which biotype of Aglianico is traditionally grown in the Taburno area?

A

Agalianico Amaro (or Aglianico del Taburno)

74
Q

Leonardo Mustilli is credited with reviving which grape variety?

A

Falanghina (Beneventana)

75
Q

Name Campania’s capital city

A

Napoli

76
Q

Alberata Aversana is the traditional vine training system of what DOC?

A

Aversa (or Asprinio di Aversa) DOC

77
Q

The Etruscans instituted the practise of low-trained bush vines in Campania. True or false?

A

False - the Greek did

78
Q

Asprinio di Aversa wines must be made from at least 85% of which grape variety?

A

Asprinio

79
Q

In which Campanian DOCG would you find the villages of Lapio, Montefredane, Summonte and Cesinali?

A

Fiano di Avellino DOCG

80
Q

Which grape variety, high in tannin and acidity, is nicknamed the “Barolo of the South”

A

Aglianico

81
Q

Name the local lemon liqueur produced on the Amalfi Coast

A

Limoncello

82
Q

Name the three main biotypes of Aglianico

A

Aglianico Amaro (or Aglianico del Taburno),

Aglianico di Taurasi,

Aglianico del Vulture

83
Q

Lacryma Christi is a sub-designation of which Campanian DOC?

A

Vesuvio DOC

84
Q

The Falerno del Massico DOC was created to revive the legacy of which ancient Roman appellation?

A

Falernum

85
Q

The Castel San Lorenzo DOC lies within which historic sub-region?

A

Cilento

86
Q

Sannio is one of the four historic sub-regions of Campania. True or false?

A

True along with Iripina, Clientro, Terra di Lavoro

87
Q

The Greeks brought grape vines to Campania. True or false?

A

True

88
Q

Name Campania’s first DOC

A

Ischia DOC

89
Q

Who founded Napoli?

A

The Greeks

90
Q

What is Cassa del Mezzogiorno

A

A Fund to help Southern Italy redevelop including the vineyards.

91
Q

Smallest Appellation under vine and area in Campania?

A

Capri DOC

92
Q

What does “Apianium” mean in Latin?

A

Ancient Latin name for Fiano

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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