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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Grapes southern > Flashcards

Grapes southern Flashcards

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1
Q

Gaglioppo

A

Calabria

One of the most ancient 13th c, believed native to Calabria, Greek for “beautiful foot” referencing grape structure but maybe Greek

Most widely planted grape in Calabria 55%

Pale-Medium Ruby, High Acidity, High Tannin

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2
Q

Malvasia Bianca Lunga

A

Tuscany - Chianti specifically

Used in Vin Santo

Provides Body and Perfume to Blend

Trebbiano and Malvasia could be used to blend in Chianti

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3
Q

Malvasia Bianca di Candia

A

Lazio

Most widely planted of all the Malvasia’s in Italy and Lazio most widely planted grape

Vigorous and produces consistently abundant yields

Full Body, Medium Acidity, High ABV

Neutral Wines

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4
Q

Sangiovese

A

#1 grape in Tuscany, Umbria, Marche & Italy

Ciliegiato x Calabrese Montenuovo = “Jupiter’s Blood”

Maybe native to Southern Italy Difficult to cultivate and site sensitive

Light-Medium Color; High Acidity; High Tannin; Violet, Sour Cherry, Plum, Tealeaf

Best on clay and limestone Clonal diversity

Does well in high diurnal, long-warm growing season, southfacing, poor & well drained soils

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5
Q

Zibibbo

(Muscat of Alexandria)

A

Pantelleria, Sicily

Sweet passitio = Raisin

Muscat family Moscato Bianco x Axina Tres Bias

Big, Large Clusters, Sweet berries, Thick & Crunchy Skins

Passito Wines (and used to be made into raisins)

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6
Q

Trebbiano Abruzzese

A

Abruzzo

Higher quality than Bombino Bianco and Trebbiano Toscana

Can oxidise easily

High Acidity, Mineral, Savory, White Flowers, Citrus, Stone Fruit, Nuts

Can age

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7
Q

Carricante

A

Etna, Sicily

High Malic Acid (needs MLF & lees), Harvest Late to reduce acidity, Medium ABV

Orange Blossom, Citrus, Apple, Anise & honey, Minerality, Flint Petrol, Age Well

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8
Q

Falaghina

A

Campania

Ancient Campania grape, derives from phalangae meaning “stakes” one used to support

Falaghina Flegrea and Falaghina Beneventana biotypes

Increasingly planted Saved by Leonardo Mustelli

Crisp Acidity, Delicate Floral, Aromatic Herbal Broom & Sage, Apple, Pear, Stone and Tropical

Dry, unoaked Varietals released soon after production or blends, can be sparkling or sweet

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9
Q

Trebbiano Giallo

A

Lazio

Castelli Romani

High Yielding, Contributes to Body for blends

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10
Q

Negro Amaro

A

Puglia

Negro = “Black” Amaro = “Bitter”

Reliable High Yields, Adapts well to soils, Drought, Fungal, Heat Resistance (but prone to botrytis)​

Deep Color, High Acidity, Black Fruit

Produce intense fruity rosatos

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11
Q

Montepulciano

A

Abruzzo (50%+) & Marche- #2 grape

Workhorse grape

Late ripening needs long warm growing season

Thick Skin, Productive, Resistant to Botrytis and Downy Mildew.

Deep Ruby, Full Body, High, Dense Tannin, High ABV, Fruity Cherry & Plum Flavors

Rosato - Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo - Structured, Full Body with high anthocyanins and pink juice, short maceration

Also Vino di Taglio

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12
Q

Vernaccia Nera

A

Serrapetrona, Marche (almost exclusive)

Aromatic Red Sparkling Wine

Deep Color, Rich, Full Body, Intense Red Flower of Rose, Violet, Black Fruit

Can be made dry or passito

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13
Q

Piedirosso

Pér ‘e Palummo

Piede di Colombo

A

Napoli, Campania - exclusive

Pér ‘e Palummo or Piede di Colombo “Pidgeon Feet”

2nd most important Red after Aglianico with which it blends

Adds softness and perfume

Varietals becoming more common

Like Gamay

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14
Q

Aglianico

A

Campania, Puglia

Noble grape of Italy Campania Basilicata (Vulture)

“Barolo of the South”

Thick skins and ripens very late

Dark Color, Full Body, High Tannin, High Acidity, High ABV, Long-Lived

Aglianico Taurasi - Aglianico Taburno - Algianico Vulture biotypes

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15
Q

Grechetto di Todi

(Pignoletto)

A

Umbria

Identical to Emila-Romagna’s Pignoletto

Light crisp, delicate perfume, high acid Suitable for sparkling wines

Sometimes included with GdO in “Grechetto”

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16
Q

Grillo

A

Sicily 19c

Marsala

Cataratto Bianco x Muscat of Alexandria

Traditionally was made oxidatively = Deep Color, nutty, astringent, High ABV

Today - Reductive/Cool Ferment = Fresh Grass, Grapefruit, Passion Fruit similar to SavBlanc

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17
Q

Trebbiano Spoletino

A

Umbria

Only in Umbria and mainly around Spoleto and Montefalco

Almost extinct, increasing plantings since 2000

Med-Full Body, Refreshing Acidity, Citrus, Blossom, Aromatic Herbs and Tropical Fruits

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18
Q

Primitivo

Zinfandel, Crljenak Kaštelanski, Tribidrag​

A

Puglia

18c Gioia del Colle south of Bari

Thrives when using alberello.

Early Budding (frost issue), Early ripening and uneven.

Sensitive to Coulure in wet/dry years

This biotype yields more bunches with fewer smaller berries

Big rich wines, high alcohol High Levels of Sugar (16% ABV possible), High in Anthocyanins

Vino di Taglio used for ABV and Coloring blends

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19
Q

Nero di Troia

Uva di Troia

A

Puglia

North Central Castel del Monte

Late Ripening, Thick Skins, High Tannins, Moderate Acidity

Blended or Varietals (which tend to be more refined and less powerful, full-bodied, alcoholic than Negro Amaro)

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20
Q

Malvasia Bianca di Basilicata

A

Basilicata

Vulture area

Used to soften Aglianico

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21
Q

Lacrima

A

Marche

Aromatic red

Lachrima di Morro d’Alba = “Teardrop”, skins break easily Aromatic red grape

Dark Ruby (purple highlights), Balanced Tannins, Refreshing Acidity

Aromatic Rose, Violet, Wild Berries and Space

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22
Q

Sangiovese synonyms

A

Brunello - Montalcino

Prugnolo Gentile - Montepulciano

Sangiovese Grosso - widespread

Sangioveto - Chianti Clasico

Morellino - Scansano

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23
Q

Grechetto di Orvieto

A

Umbria

near Orvieto, Terni and W of Perugia

Mildew resistant so suitable for late harvest or botrytis

Light, Crisp, Refreshing Acidity

24
Q

Frappato

A

Sicily

Vittoria SE Sicily

Once traditionally blended, now used as varietal

Light Body, Gently Tannins

Perfumed, Lively, Fresh, Juicy

25
Q

Pecorino

Uva delle Pecore

A

Marche Abruzzo

Native to Tronto River near Mt Sibillini (SW)

Name means sheep since it is near the mountain sheep herding region

Early Ripening, Hardy, Performs well at Altitude

High Acidity, Balanced by High Sugar, Med-High ABV, Mineral Similar to SavBlanc

Saved by Guido Cocci Griffoni 1980s Bit like Sauv Blanc and increasing in popularity

26
Q

Vermentino

A

Sardegna & Tuscany

Aromatic White Best on Granite soils of Gallura, Sardegna

Genetically identical to Favorita (Piemonte) & Pigato (Liguria)

Resistant to wind/drought, Early Budding, Mid-Ripening

Yellow/Straw Color, Full Body & Textured, High ABV, Balanced Acidity, Saline Finish

Intense Floral & Fruity, Aromatic Herb, Ripe White Fruit, Granit, Stone, Mineral Notes

Bottle Age can develop Flint, Smoke notes

27
Q

Malvasia di Lipari

(Greco Bianco or

Malvasia di Sardegna)

A

Calabria, Sardegna & Sicilia (Aeolian islands)

Sardegna - around Bosa & Cagliari

Complex, Sweet Passito style

Orange Blossom, Tropical Fruit, Honey, Rich Textured mouth feel, Fresh Acidity​

28
Q

Vernaccia di Oristano

A

Sardinia

Distinct, Ancient Sicilian Grape, Tirso River near Oristano (W Sardinia)

Unique Oxidative Style

Sherry Like style (not Fortified), Intense, complex, very long lived

Thrives in warm climate and alluvial soils

29
Q

Canaiolo Nero

(Canaiolo)

A

Tuscany

Main grape planted in 18th, lost out to Sangiovese (and phylloxera as hard to graft)

Blending partner to Sangiovese - brings softness and perfume

30
Q

Trebbiano Toscano

Ugni Blanc (France)

Procanico (Lazio)

A

Tuscany (#1w), Abruzzo, Umbria, Lazio

Falling out of favour Vin Santo Aka Procanico

Light, Crisp, Fairly Neutral wine with High Acidity, Highly productive

Tends to be a blending partner for other white grapes

One of 2 white grapes that could be blended with Chianti (but not often)

31
Q

Inzolia (Ansonica)

A

W Sicily

Old, Native to West Sicilia

Moderate Acidity, need early picking

Used in Marsala & Dry DOC & IDT wines

32
Q

Sagrantino

A

Montefalco, Umbria

Ancient 16c - native to Montefalco

Late ripening and cold resistant, irregular yields

One of most tannic wines - requires oak and bottle aging

Thick Skins (good for appassimento), High Polyphenols

Highest Tannins in Italy, Deep Color, Full Body, Powerful Acidity, High ABV

33
Q

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

A

Tuscany

Ancient Tuscan grape from Middle Ages

Found around San Gimignano

Zesty, Dry varietal wines

34
Q

Fiano

A

Lapio, Campania

Apianum - ancient Roman wine

Native to Lapio, Iripina Considered Most Noble white grape one of Italy’s finest

Saved by Antonio Mastroberadino in 1940s

Floral Linden, Acacia, Citrusm Apple, Pear, Herbs, Moss, Hazelnut, Honey

Bottle Age to develop complexity and more intense flint, smoke, toast

35
Q

Verdicchio

Turbiana

Trebbiano di Soave

A

Marche

Well structured

Marche’s most important White arriving 15th c. But identical to Trebbiano di Soave and close to Turbiana in Veneto

Means green referring to greenish tint to grape and wine

Structured, High Acidity, High ABV

Floral, Citrus, Mineral, Almond, Ages very well to flint and kerosene

36
Q

Malvasia di Lazio

Malvasia Puntinata (“dotted”) due its dark specks​

A

Lazio

Genetically Distinct from other Malvasias, likely Lazio native, Concentrated in Castelli Romani

Cross between Zibibbo (Muscat Alex) X Schiva Grossa, Prone to Botrytis

Perfume, Grapey, Prone to Botrytis which helps produce rich luscious sweet wines

37
Q

Bombino Bianco

A

Puglia

North Central near Castel del Monte

IS NOT a mutation of Bombino Nero

High acidity

Good for sparkling

38
Q

Tintilia

A

Molise

Thought to be Native to Molise, but maybe Spain

Deep Ruby, Full bodied, Fresh Acidity, Fine Tannins

Flowers, Ripe Plum, Underbrush, Leather, Liquorice, Spice

Traditionally blended with Montpulciano, but more varietals now

39
Q

Monica

A

Sardegna

2nd most widely planted red grape (11%)

Ancient Grape / Unknown Origin

Vigorous growth with high yields if unchecked

Most become simple light table wine

Soft & Round Palate, Balanced Acidity, Wild Berries (controlled growth)

40
Q

Bombino Nero

A

Puglia

North and Central Castel del Monte Rosato

wines lighter than Negro Amaro

Lighter Body & Structure, Fresh Delicate Floral and Red Fruit​

41
Q

Nero d’Avola

(Calabrese, Calavrisi)

A

Sicily - #1 red grape

Valued for color, full body and ageing potential

Likes warmth - albarello trained

Deep Color, Full Body, Smooth Fine Tannins, High ABV​

Red & Black Fruit - Cherry, Plum & Blackberry, Brush, Herb, Age Potential

42
Q

Aleatico

A

Tuscany

From Toscana Grown on Elba

Fragrant Red aromatic, Sweet Passito wine

Related to Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains

43
Q

Ciliegiolo

A

Tuscany

Native to Toscana, grown in Maremma, Toscana, Umbria (Nami & Amelia)

Means Small Cherry

Blending partner and softening agent for Sangiovese due to lower acidity

Grows well in warmer conditions and varietal in Maremma

44
Q

Greco

A

Irpinia, Campania

Most ancient & finest whites from Campania, home Irpinia around Tufo village

Late ripening, Hard to grow, prone to fungal disease, Oxidates easily, produces Volatile Acids

Well Structured, Full Bodied, High Acidity, Almost tannic mouthfeel

Full and Sweet wines

Benefits from Ageing

45
Q

Coda di Volpe Bianca

A

Campania exclusive

Means White Foxtail - grape clusters look like a foxtail

Moderate acidity - harvest carefully timed

46
Q

Nerello Mascalese

A

Sicily

Naive to foothills of Sicily Etna

Noble Grape - Similar to Pinot Noir & Nebbiolo

Late ripening, Pale - Med Color, Perceptible, Smooth Tannins, High ABV, High Acidity

Red Fruit, Aromatic Herbs, Spices, Minerals

Different characteristics from site-to-site

47
Q

Passerina

High yields - Pagadebito (pay the debt) &

Cacciadebit (chase the debt)

Uva d’Oro (golden Grape)

A

Marche

Hardy, productive white grape

Native to Central Adriatic Coast

Grown elsewhere but Marche has largest area under vine

High Acidity (good for sparkling and passito), Floral, Ripe Citrus, Tropical Fruit, Mineral

48
Q

Nerello Cappuccio

A

Etna, Sicily

Blended with Nerello Mascalese

Used to soften and add color​

Less distinctive than Nerello Mascalese, thus less planted

49
Q

Catarratto Bianco

A

W Sicily

Ancient workhorse grape - Largest Plantings

Biotypes - Cataratto Bianco Comune and Cataratto Bianco Lucido

Native to West Sicily

Used in Marsala

Also made into simple dry wine

50
Q

Asprinio

A

Campania Asprinio di Averso

From Italian word “Tart” white grape

Light Body, High Acidity (ideal for sparklers), Moderate ABV

Maybe a Greco Biotype

51
Q

Carignano

(Cariñena, Mazuelo, Carigan)

A

Southern Sardinia

From Spain Sardegna

Late-bud, Late-Ripen, Needs heat to fully ripen eg warm, dry. Vigorous, Productive, resistant to drought & wind, prone to powdery mildew

Deep Ruby Color, High Tannin, High Acidity

Sardinian are defined by distinctive, velvety-creamy mouthfeel

52
Q

Cannonau

(Garnacha / Grenache)

A

Sardinia

Originated in Spain, Sardegna’s most widely planted grape (29%)

Nuoro (East/Central) is stronghold with 50% plantings there, Sassari (North) also wide plantings

Resistant to drought, Late-budding, Mid/Late-ripening. Likes warm, dry conditions

Full Body, High Alcohol, Medium Acidity, Floral and Red Fruit

53
Q

Biancolella

A

Campania Ischia Island

Moderate alcohol and acidity

54
Q

Cesanese

A

Lazio

Lazio’s most distinctive red grape

2 types: Cesanese Commune (more plantings) and Cesanese d’Affile (better)

Perfume, Grapey, Prone to Botrytis which helps produce eich luscious sweet wines

Once made sweet and fizzy now dry and still

55
Q

Names for Sangiovese in

  1. Montalcino
  2. Montepulciano
  3. Scansano
  4. Toscana
  5. Chianti Classico (sometimes)
A
  1. Brunello di Montalcino
  2. Prugnolo Gentil - Montepulciano
  3. Morellino - Scansano
  4. Sangiovese Grosso - all over Toscana
  5. Sangioveto - sometimes Chianti Classico
56
Q

Grapes used to softern Sangiovese

A

Canaiolo - perfume

Colorino

Mammolo

Malvasia Nera

Malvasia Bianco and Trebbiano (white)

57
Q

What biotype of Aglianico is known for higher acidity?

A

Aglianico Amaro (Taburno)

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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