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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Italian Grapes > Flashcards

Italian Grapes Flashcards

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1
Q

Tintilia

A

Molise

Native maybe from Spain

Not particularly productive so diminished plantings

Traditionally blended with Montepulciano

Full body, Deep Ruby with purple highlights

Flowers, Ripe Plums, Underbrush, Leather Liqourice, Spice

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2
Q

Sangiovese & Montepulciano in Marche

A

Often in blends together

Sangiovese provides acidity and sour cherry

Montepulciano - more dominant in the south.

Blended typically Deep Ruby, Fruity, Red Cherry

Full Body, High Alcohol, Thick, Ripe Tannins

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3
Q

Lacrima di Morro d’Alba

A

Marche

Native to the town in Ancona province (Morro d’Alba)

Almost extinct in 20th c, but saved by Stefano Mancinelli - Lacrima si Morro DOC ‘85

Dark Ruby (purple highlights), Balanced Tannins, Refresing Acidity

Aromatic Rose, Violet, Wild Berries and Spice

Refreshing acidity, Balances tannins

Can be used for passito

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4
Q

Vernaccia Nera

A

Marche (Serraperrona)

Native to Serraperrona (Sparkling with limited planting)

Some believe it is identical to Cannonau

Unrelated to V di San Gimignano of V di Oristano

Used for distinctive sparkling wines - dry and passito versions

Deep Color, RIch & Full Bodied

Red Flowers (Rose & Violet), Black Fruit

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5
Q

Verdicchio

A

Marche’s

most important grape and Italy’s noble variety

Identical to Trebbiano di Soave (Veneto arriving in 1500s

Verde - Green referring to the skin color and wines

Floral and Citrus, Minneral, Almond finish

Well structured, High, Bracing Acidity, High ABV

Can age to complex with Flint and Kerosene

Affinity for oak but can be aged in neutral vessels

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6
Q

Passerina

A

Marche

Ancient grape from central Adriatic coast

Marche boast largest area

Floral, Ripe Citrus, Tropical Fruit

High Acidity means it is suitable for sparkling or sweet passito

High yielding leading to names like

Pagadebito (pays the debts) Cacciodebit (chase the debts) Uva d’Oro - golden grape

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7
Q

Pecorino

A

Marche / Abruzzo

White Grape Native to Tronto River in Marche near Monti Sibilini

Widely planted up to 19th c, 1980s Guido Cocci Grifoni brought back to life

Usually produced under Abruzzo DOC or several IGTs

Early ripening, Hardy grape, Modest and Irregular Yields

Performs well at high altitudes

Ripens with High Sugar balanced by High Natural Acidity, Medium-High ABV

Herbal, CItrus, Mineral, Structured

Similar to SavBlanc

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8
Q

Aglianico

A

Campania, Puglia, Basilicata

Noble Italian Grape - “Barolo of the South”

Aglianico is the same biotype as in Campania Important in Avellino and Benevento with great intervarietal variability (But the National Registry lists as 2 separate grapes)

  • Aglianico del Vulture
  • Aglianico di Taurasi
  • Aglianico del Taburno (or Aglianico Amaro)

Thick Skin, Very Late RIpening

Susceptible to Hot, Drought conditions

Performs well at altitude and volcanic soils

Dark, Full Body, High Tannin, High Acidity, High ABV Long-Lived

Only picked when fully ripe and matured in oak and bottle aged

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9
Q

Montepulciano

A

Native to Abruzzo - workhouse in C/S Italy

Marche #2 - in warmer South

Deep Ruby Color, Full Body, High ABV, High Ripe Tannin

Overt Red Cherry, Plum Fruit

Late ripening and requires long growing season to fully ripen

Thick skin with resistance to Botrytis and Powdery Mildew

Can make well structured Rosatos thanks to High anthocyanin and pink juice Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo (only short-macerations on skins)

Confused with Sangiovese

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10
Q

Trebbiano Toscano

(Ugni Blanc)

A

Most widely planted white in Abruzzo, Toscana, Umbria, Puglia

Highly productive, ancient white grape

Light, Crisp, Neutral wines, Used for Acidity in blends

Once used in Chianti (no longer)

Is prominent in Vin Santo but losing ground to better grapes

Ugni Blanc used for Cognac

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11
Q

Trebbiano Abruzzese

A

Uncertain origin, maybe native here

Considered distinct from other Trebbianos

Thought to be identical to Bombino Bianco and confused with Trebbiano Toscano often co-planted together but TA is better quality

Listed in National Registry of Grapes 1990

White Flowers, Citrus, Stone Fruit, Nutty

Lively Acid

Need time in bottle to express character

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12
Q

Primativo

A

Puglia

Found in the 18th c AD by a priest in Gioia del Colle (south of Bari) who noted it ripened early

Prone to coulure in wet vintages, Early budding - prone to spring frost

Puglia yields more bunches smaller, fewer berries than CA, thrives when trained alberello

High Sugar levels (can reach 16% ABV)

Rich in Amothocyanins

Big Rich wines, Deep Color, Full Body, High Alcohol

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13
Q

Negro Amaro

A

Puglia

Unknown origin but in Puglia for a long time

Reliable, consistent and pleantiful yields

Adapts to soils and drought, heat and fungal resistant though susceptible to botrytis

Very Dark Color, Bitter Tannins

High Sugar levels, Deep Color, Black Fruit

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14
Q

Nero di Troia

(Uva di Troia)

A

Puglia

Widely planted in the North-Central Puglia, Associated with Castel del Monte appellation

Late ripening, Thick skins, Moderate Acidity, Thick-Refinned Tannins so often blended

Floral, Red Berries, Herbs and Spice

More refined and less powerful, less body and ABV then Primativo & Negro Amaro

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15
Q

Bombino Nero

A

Puglia

Believed to be native, but unknown origin, Planted in North-Central Puglia around Andria in Castel del Monte

Used for Rosato wines since it has thin skins, eg little pigment

High Acid, Moderate Sugar

Fresh, Delicate Floral, Red Fruit aromas, Lighter body rosés than those made with Negro Amaro

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16
Q

Bombino Bianco

A

Pulgia (north & central)

Not a mutation of Bombino Nero - Confused with Trebbiano Abruzzese

No proof they are related

Thought to be native to Puglia - widespread in North-Central

High Natural Acidity, Restrained Aromas

Ideal for Sparkling Wines

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17
Q

Falanghina

A

Campania

(one of oldest grapes - phalangue in Latin means stake which is how they supported the vines)

Popular since 1990s - Villa Matilde, Grotta del Sole & Mustilli producers saved

Grown in ALL of Campania’s wine districts

Vinified as varietal and blend

Delicate Floral, Aromatic Herbal, Refreshing Acidity

Still, Dry, Unoaked and released a few months after harvest

2 distinct varieties F. Flegrea & F. Beneventana

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18
Q

List the Classico Subzones.

A

Orvieto Classico DOC

Lago di Corbara Classico DOC

Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi Classico DOC &

Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi Classico Superiore DOC

Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva Classico DOCG (Marche)

Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone Classico DOC (Lazio)

Marino Classico DOC (Lazio)

Sannio Solopaca Classico DOC (Campania)

Cirò Rosso Classico DOC (Calabria)

Alcamo Bianco Classico DOC (Sicily)

Cerasuolo di Vittoria Classico DOCG (Sicily)

Cannonau di Sardegna Classico DOC (Sardegna)

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19
Q

Piedirosso

A

Campania (Napoli)

Ancient, native grape

Pér ‘e Palummo (pidgeon foot)

Most important after Aglianico exclusive to Campania

Blended to add Perfume and soften Anglianico’s tannins

Soft Mouth Feel

Bright, Integrated Acidity, Fragrant Floral and Red Fruit with Herbal Notes

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20
Q

What is difference between Falaghina Flegrea & Falaghina Beneventana

A

F. Fregrea - historic reputation, widespread in Napoli & Caserta - Falerno del Massico / Campi Flegrei DOCs

F. Beneventana - recently ID. More common in Benevento province - Falanghina del Sannio DOC

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21
Q

Greco di Tufo

A

Campania

Greco amongst the most ancient and finest whites

Home is in Iripina around Tufo

Late Ripening, Hard to grow, prone to fungal disease

High Polyphenol (anti-oxidant) content, easily oxidized and creates high levels of Volatile Acids - handed carefully

Well structured, High Acidity, Round, Full Body

Can demo almost a tannic mouthfeel. Age well

This grape is distinct from Greco Bianco - Calabria

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22
Q

Aminea Gemina Minor

A

Campania

Greco di Tufo - based on the shape of clusters that looked like twins

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23
Q

Fiano

A

Campania

Most Noble White Grape

Considerd one of the best Italian

Believed to be native to Irpinia, in town of Lapio

Devestated by phylloxera in 20th and world wars, Brought back by Antonio Mastroberdino 1940s

Linden, Acacia, Citrus, Apple, Pear, Honey and Mineral

Bottle age to Complexity, Intense Flint, Smoke, Toast

Ages well in bottle, Fiano di Avelino

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24
Q

Biancolella

A

Ischia, Campania

White Grape Native Ischia

Medium ABV, Medium Acidity

Citrus, Herbal, Almond, sometime Tropical with saline finish

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25
Q

Coda di Volpe Bianca

A

Campania

Ancient white grape, Exclusive to Campania

“White Foxtail” referring to shape of cluster which looks like a fox tail

Medium Acidity, needs careful harvest not to lose acidity

Golden Color, Wines range from austere to mineral and soft, Full, RIch Ripe Pear, Stone and Exotic Fruit, Spice

Plays secondary role to soften Fiano, Greco, Falaghina oftern blended

Starting to do varietals (Sannio & Irpinia)

26
Q

Malvasia Bianca di Candia

A

Lazio, Most planted Italy

Part of a larger Malvasia group

The most widely planted Malvasia in Italy (and Lazio)

Vigourous & abundant yields

Neutral, Aromatic profile

Full Body, Medium Acidity, M-H ABV

27
Q

Malvasia del Lazio

A

Lazio

Or Malvasia Puntinata (“dotted”)

Distinctive within Malvasia - Cross between Muscat Alexandris (Zibibbo) and Schiava Grossa

Native to Lazio (almost exclusive) -Castelli Romani is primary location

Berries have darks specks that appear on the skin when ripening

Gives quality boost to white blends, Muscat-aromas

Prone to Botrytis, produces rich, luscious sweet wines

28
Q

Cesanese

A

Lazio

Most distinctive native black grape in Lazio and only grown here

2 Types - Cesanese Comune (more cultivated)

Cesanese d’Affile (considered better of the 2)

Intensely Fruity, Medium Bidy, Well Structure, supple on palate

Still, Sweet and Fizzy

29
Q

Monica

A

Sardegna

An ancient red grape of unknown origin found in Sardegna

One of the most widely planted

High yielding so initially left to grown uncheck for cheap table wine

No restricted yields, attractive wines with Wild Berries

Soft and round on the palate

Usually still and dry

ambabile, frizante, spumante

30
Q

Canaiolo (Canaiolo Nero)

A

Toscana

Once considered principal grape 18th c

Declined after phylloxera, hard to graft, lost favor to Sangiovese

Used as a blending partner

Softens Sangiovese rough edges, refines the perfume and mouthfeel

31
Q

Sangiovese

A

Toscana, Marche (#1)

Jupiters blood

Italy’s most widely planted, most representative of Toscana (no mention before 16th AD)

Cross - Ciliegiolo x Calabrese Monenuovo

Buds early, ripens late, long growing season

Light-Medium Color; High Acidity; High Tannin; Violet, Sour Cherry, Plum, Tealeaf

Susceptible to bunch rot & oidium - Drought & wind resistant

High Diurnal important

32
Q

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

A

Toscana

Ancient dating to 1276

Almost exclusively grown around San Gimignano

Crisp, Delicate, Subtle aromas of Citrus, White Flowers, RIpe Yellow Fruit & Almond

Vernaccia = native/indigenour

33
Q

Trebbiano Abruzzese

A

Abruzzo

Abruzzo, uncertain origin, genetically distinct from other Trebbianos, confused with Bombino Biano & TT, but is higher quality

White Flowers, Citrus, Stone Fruit, Nuts, Mineral, High Acidity, Age well

34
Q

Aleatico

A

Toscana, Puglia

Traditional in Puglia (mostly used for sweet)

Black Grape related to Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains

Grown on Elba for sweet Passito Wines

Aromatic Fragrant, Disctinctive Sweet Red Wines

35
Q

Malvasia Bianca Lunga

A

Toscana

White grape grown in Chianti for centuries

Provides Body and Perfume to Blend

Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianca Lunga could be used to blend in Chianti

36
Q

Sagrantino

A

Umbria

Native to Montefalco, Umbria 16th c,

Traditionally sweet passito, now dry

Late Ripening, Cold Resistant with irregular yields, Thick Skins (good for appassimento), High polyphenols

Highest Tannins in Italy

Deep Color, Full Body, Powerful Acidity, High ABV

Need Oak to mitigate tannins

Origins to Roman grape Initola (Pliny wrote)

37
Q

What grape has the highest tannins in Italy?

A

Sagratino

38
Q

Grechetto di Orvieto

A

Umbria

Umbria near Orvieto, Terni and W of Perugia

White grape that is mildew resistant so suitable for late harvest or botrytis

Light, Crisp, Refreshing Acidity

39
Q

Grechetto di Todi

(Pignoletto)

A

Umbria

Identical to Emila-Romagna’s Pignoletto

White grape distinct from Grechetto di Orvieto, but DOC do not make a distinction

Light crisp, delicate perfume, high acid Suitable for sparkling wines

40
Q

Trebbiano Spoletino

A

Umbria (only)

Mainly around Spoleto and Montefalco

Almost extinct, increasing plantings since 2000

Med-Full Body, Refreshing Acidity, Citrus, Blossom, Aromatic Herbs and Tropical Fruits

41
Q

Gaglioppo

A

Calabria

ONE OF THE MOST ANCIENT ITALIAN GRAPES 13th century

Believed to be Native to Calabria with a Greek Name & widely grown throughout

Pale-Medium Ruby Color, High Acidity, High Tannins

42
Q

Greco Bianco

(Greco Bianco di Gerace)

A

Identical to Malvasia di Lipari or Malvasia di Sardenga. Name is used to reference several Calabrian Greco Bianco

Rich Textured Mouth Feeel, Balanced with Fresh Acidity

Orange Blossom, Tropical Fruit, Honey

Sweet desert Passito wines from air dried grapes

43
Q

Catarratto Bianco

A

Sicilia

Ancient Native Western Sicilia - Most widely planted

Workhourse

Biotypes: Catarratto Bianco Comune & Catarratto Bianco Lucido (best)

Small Berries, Low Sugar, High Acid

Used in Marsala, and table wines

Often blended with other grapes or made into simple wines

44
Q

Grillo

A

Sicilia

Cross Between Catarratto Bianco & Zibibbo

Traditional & High Quality

Wine Making changed - Once used O2 - earthy, nutty. Now reductive - Temperature control changed the character - fresher, cleaner

(Old) Deep Color, Earthy, Nutty, Astringent and high ABV,

(New) Fresh Grass, Grapefruit, Passion Fruit similar to SavBlanc

Citrus, Aromatic Herb & Nut, Briny

Mostly used in Marsala - Best Versions - but also becoming Good Varietal

45
Q

Inzolia

(Ansonica)

A

Sicilia

Ansonica Is official name

Old, Native to West Sicilia

Moderate Acidity, needs early picking

Marsala & Dry DOC & IDT wines

46
Q

Zibibbo

A

Sicilia

Ancient Grape Grown on Med Sea - Moscato di Alessandria (Zibibbo -Arabic name - predates name of MoA),

Maybe a Cross between Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains and Axina de Tres Bias (Sardegna table wine)

Big, Large Clusters, Sweet berries, Thick & Crunchy Skins

Used for Passito

Zahib = raisin in Arabic. Used for raisins

47
Q
A
48
Q

Carricante

A

Sicilia - Etna

High Quality almost exclusive to Etna (900-1,200m)

High Malic Acid (needs MLF & lees), harvest late to reduce acidity, Medium ABV

Orange Blossom, Citrus, Apple, Anise & honey, Minerality, Flint Petrol, Age Well

49
Q

Malvasia di Lipari

A

Sicilia - Aeolian Islands

Genetically identical to Malvasia di Sardegna & Greco Bianco

Aeolian Island

Complex Passito

50
Q

Nero d’Avola

Calabrese

A

Sicilia

Sicilia’s most predominant red grape

Deep Color, Full Body, Smooth Fine Tannins, High ABV

Red & Black Fruit - Cherry, Plum & Blackberry, Brush, Herb, Age Potential

Requires warm growing conditions, alberello trained, Barrel Maturation

51
Q

Nerello Mascalese

A

Sicilia - Etna foothills

Noble Grape - Similar to Pinot

Derived from “nero” = black and town of Mascali

Late ripening, Pale - Med Color, Perceptible, Smooth Tannins, High ABV, High Acidity

Red Fruit, Aromatic Herbs, Spices, Minerals

Different characteristics from site-to-site

52
Q

Nerello Cappuccio

A

Sicilia - Etna

Other principal Red grape of Etna

Less distinctive than Nerello Mascalese, thus less planted

Used to soften and add color Etna Rosso

Plays secondary role in Etna wines, co-planted, minor player in blends, some varietal

53
Q

Frappato

A

Sicilia - Vittoria

Traditional around Vittoria SE Sicilia used as a blend

Light Body, Gently Tannins

Perfumed, Lively, Fresh, Juicy

Used to be traditionally blended now varietal

54
Q

Perricone

A

Sicilia

Unknown origin - ancient grape - savedfrom extinction

Used as a minor blend often with Nero d’Avola

Provides Tannins & tectured mouthfeel

55
Q

Cannonau

Garnacha - Identical

Synonyms in Italy - Alicante (Toscana);

Tocai Rosso (Veneto);

Gamay del Trasimeno/Gamay Perugino (Umbria)

A

Sardegna - Nuoro

Sardegna - Flagship Grape Most Widely Planted (29%) across the island, Nuoro (East/Central) is stronghold with 50% plantings there, Sassari (North) also wide plantings

Resistant to drought, Late-budding, Mid/Late-ripening. Likes warm, dry conditions

Full Body, High Alcohol, Medium Acidity, Floral and Red Fruit

56
Q

Vermentino

Genetically identical to Favorita (Piemonte) & Pigato (Liguria)

A

Sardegna

Most likely originated in Piemonte - Thrives in Sardinia

Resistant to wind/drought, Early Budding, Mid-Ripening

Yellow/Straw Color, Full Body & Textured, High ABV, Balanced Acidity, Saline Finish

Intense Floral & Fruity aromas, with Aromatic Herb, Stone/Mineral Notes

Bottle Age can develop Flint-Smoke notes

57
Q

Carignano

Cariñena (Mazuelo) Carigan

A

Sardegna

From Spain - Mostly Southern Sardegna - sometimes referred as Uva di Spagna (Grape of Spain)

Late-bud, Late-Ripen, Needs heat to fully ripen e.g. warm, dry.

Vigorous, Productive, resistant to drought & wind, prone to powdery mildew

Deep Ruby Color, High Tannin, High Acidity

Sardinian are defined by distinctive, velvety-creamy mouthfeel

58
Q

Vernaccia di Oristano

A

Sardegna

Distinct, Ancient Sicilian Grape, Tirso River near Oristano (W Sardinia)

Unique Oxidative StyleSherry

Like style (not Fortified), Intense, complex, very long lived

Thrives in warm climate and alluvial soils

59
Q

Malvasia di Sardegna

A

Sardega - Bosa

Identical to Malvasia di Lipari & Greco Bianco in Calabria

Makes sweet wine from Malvasia di Bosa DOC

Rich Textured Mouth Feeel, Balanced with Fresh Acidity

Orange Blossom, Tropical Fruit, Honey

Classic producer Colombu - makes oxidative style nonn-fortified up to 17%. ABV

60
Q

Corinto Nero

A

SIcilia

Mutation of Sangiovese

Legal blending partner to Malvasia di Lipari (5-8%)

61
Q

Bovale

A

Bovale Grande in Sardegna is Carignano

Bovale Sardo is Graciano

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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