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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Puglia 2 > Flashcards

Puglia 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What and why was Puglia known for throughout Europe?

A

The “wine reservoir”

Presence of fertile soil, Mediterranean climate, plains make it easy to produce bulk wine which was shipped all over EU

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2
Q

What is the name for Puglia bulk wine?

A

Apulian wine

Producers used to blend Apulian with local grapes that lacked color, flavor and body

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3
Q

Where does Puglia rank in production?

A

It competes with Veneto and Emili-Romana as Italy’s largest producer and #2 undervine

It is the largest in Central / Southern Italy

80,000 ha

6,000,000 hl per year

More than 50% red and Rosato

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4
Q

What region is the largest producer of Rosato in Italy?

A

Puglia

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5
Q

What is Puglia’e DOC/G & IGT production?

A

DOC/G - 20%

IGT - 33%

The rest - wine without origin

Puglia is the largest producer of bulk wine blending for basic table wine, vermouth or distillation

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6
Q

Where is the best Rosato region in Puglia?

A

Salento

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7
Q

Who were the first people in Puglia?

A

Iapygian people

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8
Q

When did the Greeks arrive in Puglia?

And when did the Romans arrive?

A

8th c BC - Greeks

4th-3rd c BC - Romans

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9
Q

How did viticulture surrive in the MIddle Ages?

A

Monks provided the nexus from Romans collapse in 5th c BC through Lomards, Byzantines, Franks and Arabs (Saraceni)

During the Crusades in 11-13th AD wine trade and exports flourished as crusaders departed from Brindisi

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10
Q

Who and when was the Norman rule handed over to?

A

13th c AD to German House of Hohenstaufen called Svevi inherited the Kingdom

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11
Q

When did Puglia fall under Spanish control and what happened?

A

18th c AD the Spanish Bourbon dynasty to control, established political stability and rebuilt infrastructure

Agriculture and viticulture flourished

Remained under control until 1861 when it was annexed as part of the Kingdom of Italy

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12
Q

What did phylloxera do to Puglia’s wine production?

A

At first, production tripled since most of Europe had lost its vines.

in the 1920s phylloxera hit Puglia and devasted the region

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13
Q

What wine did Puglia use to recover from phylloxera?

A

Vini da Taglio - a deeply colored, high ABV, full bodied wine.

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14
Q

Who is the enologist in Puglia known for helping transition from bulk wine to quality?

A

Severino Garofano

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15
Q

What is the topology breakdown of Puglia?

A

SE Italy - Least mountainous region

Plains - 53%

Hills - 45%

Mountains 2%

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16
Q

What is the mountain range in Puglia?

A

Monti Dauni

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17
Q

What is the “spur” in Italy’s boot?

A

Gargano Promontory (or Gargano), a calcareous massif on the northern coast 1,000m ASL

And represents one of two peninsulas (Salento being the other)

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18
Q

What are the 2 peninsulas in Puglia?

A

Gargano (the spur) & Salento (which forms the heel)

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19
Q

What and where is Italy’s 2nd largest plain?

A

Northern Puglia

Tavoliere delle Puglie

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20
Q

Where is Puglia’s best know example of Karst (Carsico)?

A

Murge Plateau

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21
Q

What is the climate in Puglia?

A

One of the warmest and driest regions in Italy

Has a Meditarranean climate

Only Tavoliere in NW mountains is slightly more continental

Rainfall 500-650mm

Tavoliere is driest with 400-500mm

Highest rainfall found in Gargano

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22
Q

Where is the hottest region of Puglia?

A

Southern part on Salerno Peninsula

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23
Q

Where is the driest part of Puglia?

A

Tavoliere - northern part of Puglia

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24
Q

Does it snow in Puglia?

A

Yes, on the Murge plateau often snows due to cold air from the east

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25
Q

What are the soils in Puglia?

A

Much of the soil is iron rich“terra rosa”

Very well drained

Low capacity to hold water - creates hydric stress in times of drought and requires irrigations

North - alluvial soils - flatter land

Ofanto River - rolling hills with sandy/gravely soil

Murge (central) - calcareaous

South - sandy-clay over limestone subsoil

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26
Q

What are the leading grape varieties?

A

70% Red / 30% Whie

Sangiovese - 15%

Primitivo - 14%

Negro Amaro - 14%

Montepulciano - 11%

Trebbiano Toscano - 7%

Trebbiano Giallo - 5%

Uva Troia 3%

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27
Q

What 4 varieties account for more than 50% of the grape production?

A

Sangiovese, Primitivo, Negro Amaro, Montepulciano

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28
Q

What role does Sangiovese play in Puglian wines?

A

Usually a minor role

Mostly used for wines without origin or IGT

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29
Q

What role does Montepulciano play in Puglia?

A

Very important

Considered traditional in certain areas mostly in the North

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30
Q

What are Puglia’s flagship grapes?

A

Primitivo, Negro Amaro, Nero di Troia

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31
Q

What are Puglia’s dominate white grapes?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

Giallo

Trebbiano Abruzzese

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32
Q

How important are International varieties?

A

Only 5% of the market

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33
Q

Who established that Primitivo, Crjenak Kaštelanski and Zinfadel were the same grape?

A

Carole Meredith UC Davis 1990s

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34
Q

What is Crjenak Kaštelanski?

A

It is the Croatian name for Primitivo since 15th c AD in Tribidrag

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35
Q

Primitivo

A

Found in the 18th c AD by a priest in Gioia del Colle (south of Bari) who noted it ripened early

Prone to coulure in wet vintages

Early budding - prone to spring frost - Early Ripening

Puglia yields more bunches smaller, fewer berries than CA

High Sugar levels (can reach 16% ABV)

Rich in Amothocyanins

Big Rich wines, Deep Color, Full Body, High Alcohol

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36
Q

Negro Amaro

A

Important in Puglia

Very Dark Color, Bitter Tannins

Unknown origin but in Puglia for a long time

Reliable, consistent and pleantiful yields

Adapts to soils and drought, heat and fungal resistant though susceptible to botrytis

High Sugar levels, Deep Color, Black Fruit

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37
Q

Nero di Troia

(Uva di Troia)

A

Widely planted in the North-Central Puglia

Associated with Castel del Monte appellation

Late ripening, Thick skins, Moderate Acidity

High tannins so often blended

More refined and less powerful, less body and ABV then Primitivo & Negro Amaro

38
Q

Bombino Nero

A

Believed to be native, but unknown origin

Planted in North-Central Puglia around Andria in Castel del Monte

Used for Rosato wines since it has thin skins, so little pigment

High Acid, Moderate Sugar

Fresh, Delicate Floral, Red Fruit aromas, Lighter body rosés

39
Q

Bombino Bianco

A

Not a mutation of Bombino Nero

No proof they are related

Thought to be native to Puglia - widespread in North-Central

High Natural Acidity, Restrained Aromas

Ideal for Sparkling Wines

40
Q

What wine in Puglia is ideal for sparkling wine?

A

Bombino Bianco

41
Q

What is the traditional vine training in Puglia?

A

Ancient, free standing bush vine Alberello

Tendone (which is higher-yielding, overhead training systemd adopted in 20th c for bulk and table wines)

More Cordone and Guyot being implemented

42
Q

What are newer vine training methods?

A

Cardone Speranato & Guyot introduced in 2000s

Become increasingly popular in Central - South Puglia

43
Q

Does Puglia allow irrigation?

A

Yes - dry, hot summers and soil’s inability to hold water requires irrigation (and permitted)

44
Q

What ways does Puglia combat dry, hot summers?

A

Irrigation and

Drought-tolerant rootstock

45
Q

What wine type is Puglia primarily know?

A

Rosato

Dates back to the Greeks

46
Q

What was the 19th C term for Rosato?

A

Lagrimas - typically for family consumption

47
Q

What Salento producer bottled the first commercially bottled rosato?

A

Leone de Castris

Cinque Rose - Negro Amaro

48
Q

Who transformed rosato into a Salento specialty?

A

Rosa del Golfo

49
Q

What is the principal grape used in Salento rosato?

A

Negro Amaro

50
Q

What grape is more commonly used for rosato in Northern Puglia?

A

Bombino Nero

51
Q

What is Puglia’s appellation breakdown?

A

4 DOCG

28 DOC

Subdivided into 3 group

Northern, Central and Southern

52
Q

What is special about Aleatico di Puglia DOC?

A

Solely devoted to the production of sweet, unfortified and liquoroso dessert wines

Can be riserva after 3 years of ageing

Must carry on the lable

“dolce naturale or liquoroso dolce naturale”

Very small production

53
Q

Cacc’e mmitte di Lucera

A

Historic Red wine appellation - Northern

These are red and white blends - unusual

Based on Nero di Troia and smaller amounts of other reds eg Montepulciano

MUST BE 15-30% White Grape Usually Bombino Bianco

54
Q

San Severo DOC

A

Puglia’s 1st DOC 1968

Most productive wine growing area in Puglia

White - Bombino Bianco, Trebbiano

Red - Montepulciano

55
Q

What is Castel del Monte

A

13th c AD fortress from Emperor Frederick II

Iconic symbol for wine

56
Q

How many MGAs in Castel del Monte

A

33 MGAs

57
Q

Describe the topography and soils of Castel del Monte

A

On the Murge plateau

Elevations range from 180-450m

Soil are shallow and stony, clay atop limestone bedrock

58
Q

Castel del Monte DOC

A

Wide range of wines

Rosso - Nero di Troia, Anglianico, Montepulciano - usually Nero can blend or be 100% varietal

Rosato - Bombino Nero, Nero di Troia & Anglianico as blended or be 100% varietal

White - Bombino Bianco, Chardonnay, Pampanuto

59
Q

Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG

A

Blends Nero di Troia - Min 65%

with Montepulciano or Aglianico

Min 2 years ageing including 1 year wood

Structured, Full Body, Firm Tannins

60
Q

Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG

A

Must have 90%+ Nero di Troia

Minimum 2 years ageing including 1 year in bottle

Elegance, Refined, Dense Tannins

61
Q

Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG

A

1st dedicated DOCG to Rosato

90%+ Bombino Nero

Delicate, Fragrant, Light Body, Bright Acidity

62
Q

Giola del Colle DOC

A

Known for Primitivo

Giola Considered epicenter for Primitivo

200-450m elevation higher than Manduria - cooler and high diurnal range creates more elegant wine

Shallow soils, calcareous, iron-rich clay, red in color atop of limestone subsoil

Riserva must have 14% ABV; 2 years aged

63
Q

Locorotondo DOC

A

White blend on Veredeca and Bianco d’Alessano

64
Q

What are I Trulli?

A

Small round white homes with conical rooves found in Puglia

Alberobello is condsidered capital of trulli

65
Q

Alberobello is condsidered capital of what?

A

I Trulli - round white homes in Puglia

66
Q

Primitivo di Manduria DOC

A

Considered most important appellation for Primitivo varietal

Competes with Salice Salentino

Predominately flat

Terra Rosa, sand, clay on top of limestone

Very old vines using Alberello

85%+ Primitivo, 13.5% ABV

Riserva - 14% ABV - 2 years, includes 9months in wood

Rich, Velvet Tannin, Full Body, High ABV

67
Q

Moscato di Trani DOC

A

Tradition for sweet wines made from Moscato Bianco

68
Q

Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Natural DOCG

A

Puglia’s 1st DOCG 2011

Was a sub-category in Primitivo di Manduria DOC

100% Primitivo

Allowed to overrippen on the vine or appassimento post harvest

50 g/L or 5% residual sugar

Concentrated, Viscous Sweet Wines

Dried Fruit, Black Berry, Plum, Aromatic Herbs

69
Q

Lizzano DOC

A

Overlaps with west Primitivo di Manduria DOC

Red - Negro Amaro

White - Trebbiano Toscano

70
Q

Salice Salentino DOC

A

Puglia’s most popular appellation

Located in Salento Peninsula

Most densely planted and productive DOC in Puglia

Principal production of Negro Amaro

Soils: deep, calcareous, sand, clay, martime

Training: Alberello, VTS, Guyo and Cordone Spermato

min 75% Negro Amaro sometimes blended with Malvasia Nera di Brindisi

Riserva aged for 2 years with 6 months in wood

Softy and fruity to Medium Body to Full Rich, more structured

71
Q

Copertino DOC

A

Borders Salice Salentino

Known for Sturdy Red Wines based on Negro Amaro

72
Q

What are the IGT wines of Puglia?

A

Puglia IGT - all of Puglia

Salento IGT - covers Salerno Peninsula

Both are most popular and associated with Primitivo and Negro Amaro

73
Q

What 4 grapes account for more than 50% of grapes under vine in Puglia?

A

Sangiovese

Primitivo

Negro Amaro

Montepulciano

74
Q

What are 2 red grapes that are principally planted in North/Central Puglia?

A

Nero di Troia

Bombino Nero

75
Q

What grape is associated with producer Andria in Castel del Monte?

A

Bombino Nero

76
Q

What ancient Apulian grape is associated with Valle d’Ittria?

A

Verdeca - a white grape

77
Q

What is Rosa del Golfo?

A

A Salento Negro Amaro Rostato from producer Cantine Salento

78
Q

Where are the Northern Puglian Appellations?

What has it historically be called?

And what is included?

A

Foggia on Tavoliere Plain

“Daunia”

Includes Tavoliere Plain, the Gargano; Mt Dauni

79
Q

What are the main grapes in Puglia’s Northern appellations?

A

Nero di Troia and Bombino Bianco

80
Q

For Cacc’e mmitte di Lucera DOC what is the most used grapes?

A

Must be a blend with 15-30% white

Red - Nero di Trioa (predominate)

White - Bombino Bianco (most used)

81
Q

Nothern most Puglia appellation?

A

San Severo DOC

Also the 1st DOC

82
Q

What producer in San Severo introduced sparkling Bombino Bianco in the Classic Method

A

D’Arapri

83
Q

Where are all the Central Puglian appellations located?

A

On the Murge

84
Q

What is the most well known wine regoin in Puglia?

A

Castel del Monte

85
Q

What is the breakdown of DOC/G in Castel di Monte?

A

3 DOCGs

1 DOC

86
Q

How many MGAs in Castel del Monte

A

33 MGAs

87
Q

Are Castel del Monte DOC and the 3 Castel del Monte DOCGs the same size?

A

NO

the difference is the DOC includes a narrow strip of land on the Ofanto River

88
Q

Selento Peninsula is sub-divided into 2, what are the regions and what is grown there?

A

Manduria = Primitivo

Brindisi = Negro Amaro

89
Q

1st DOC for Primitivo?

A

Primitivo di Manduria 1974

90
Q

What are the 2 most productive regions in Puglia?

A

Manduria

Salice Salentino

91
Q

Where is Negro Amaro most notably associated?

A

Salento in Salento IGT in Puglia

and Salice Salentino DOC

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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