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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB > Grapes southern COPY > Flashcards

Grapes southern COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Gaglioppo

A

Calabria

One of the most ancient 13th c, believed native to Calabria, Greek for “beautiful foot” referencing grape structure but maybe Greek

Most widely planted grape in Calabria 55%

Pale-Medium Ruby, High Acidity, High Tannin

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2
Q

Malvasia Bianca Lunga

A

Tuscany - Chianti specifically

Used in Vin Santo

Provides Body and Perfume to Blend

Trebbiano and Malvasia could be used to blend in Chianti

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3
Q

Malvasia Bianca di Candia

A

Lazio

Most widely planted Malvasia’s in Italy and Lazio most widely planted grape

Vigorous and produces consistently abundant yields

Full Body, Medium Acidity, High ABV

Neutral Wines

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4
Q

Sangiovese

A

#1 grape in Tuscany, Umbria, Marche & Italy

Ciliegiato x Calabrese Montenuovo = “Jupiter’s Blood”

Maybe native to Southern Italy Difficult to cultivate and site sensitive

Light-Medium Color; High Acidity; High Tannin;

Violet, Sour Cherry, Plum, Tealeaf

Best on clay and limestone Clonal diversity

Does well in high diurnal, long-warm growing season, southfacing, poor & well drained soils

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5
Q

Zibibbo

(Muscat of Alexandria)

A

Pantelleria, Sicily

Sweet passitio = Raisin

Muscat family Moscato Bianco x Axina Tres Bias

Big, Large Clusters, Sweet berries, Thick & Crunchy Skins

Passito Wines (and used to be made into raisins)

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6
Q

Trebbiano Abruzzese

A

Abruzzo

Higher quality than Bombino Bianco and Trebbiano Toscana

Can oxidise easily

High Acidity, Mineral, Savory,

White Flowers, Citrus, Stone Fruit, Nuts

Can age

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7
Q

Carricante

A

Etna, Sicily

High Malic Acid (needs MLF & lees), Harvest Late to reduce acidity, Medium ABV

Orange Blossom, Citrus, Apple, Anise & honey, Minerality, Flint Petrol, Age Well

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8
Q

Falaghina

A

Campania

Ancient Campania grape, derives from phalangae meaning “stakes” one used to support

Falaghina Flegrea and Falaghina Beneventana distinctly different

Saved by Leonardo Mustelli

Crisp Acidity, Delicate Floral

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9
Q

Trebbiano Giallo

A

Lazio

Castelli Romani

High Yielding, Contributes to Body for blends

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10
Q

Negro Amaro

A

Puglia

Negro = “Black” Amaro = “Bitter”

Reliable High Yields, Adapts well to soils, Drought, Fungal, Heat Resistance (but prone to botrytis)​

Deep Color, High Acidity, Black Fruit

Produce intense fruity rosatos

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11
Q

Montepulciano

A

Native Abruzzo (50%+) & Marche- #2 grape Workhorse

Late ripening needs long warm season

Thick Skin, Productive, Resistant to Botrytis and Downy Mildew.

Deep Ruby, Full Body, High, Dense Tannin, High ABV, Fruity Cherry & Plum Flavors

Rosato - Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo - Structured, Full Body with high anthocyanins and pink juice, short maceration

Also Vino di Taglio

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12
Q

Vernaccia Nera

A

Serrapetrona, Marche (almost exclusive)

Aromatic Red Sparkling Wine

Deep Color, Rich, Full Body

Intense Red Flower of Rose, Violet, Black Fruit

Can be made dry or passito

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13
Q

Piedirosso

Pér ‘e Palummo

Piede di Colombo

A

Napoli, Campania - exclusive

Pér ‘e Palummo or Piede di Colombo “Pidgeon Feet”

2nd most important Red after Aglianico with which it blends

Planted on own rootstock

Adds softness and perfume

Varietals becoming more common

Like Gamay

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14
Q

Aglianico

A

Campania, Puglia

Noble grape of Italy Campania Basilicata (Vulture)

“Barolo of the South”

Thick skins and ripens very late

Dark Color, Full Body, High Tannin, High Acidity, High ABV, Long-Lived

Aglianico Taurasi - Aglianico Taburno - Algianico Vulture biotypes

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15
Q

Grechetto di Todi

(Pignoletto)

A

Umbria

Native to Emila-Romagna - Pignoletto

High Acidity Light crisp, delicate perfume

Suitable for sparkling wines

Sometimes included with GdO in “Grechetto” jointly planted

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16
Q

Grillo

A

Sicily 19c

Marsala

Cataratto Bianco x Muscat of Alexandria

Traditionally was made oxidatively = Deep Color, nutty, astringent, High ABV

Today - Reductive/Cool Ferment = Fresh Grass, Grapefruit, Passion Fruit similar to SavBlanc

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17
Q

Trebbiano Spoletino

A

Umbria

Only in Umbria and mainly around Spoleto and Montefalco

Almost extinct, increasing plantings since 2000

Med-Full Body, Refreshing Acidity, Citrus, Blossom, Aromatic Herbs and Tropical Fruits

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18
Q

Primitivo

Zinfandel, Crljenak Kaštelanski, Tribidrag​

A

Puglia

18c Gioia del Colle south of Bari

Thrives when using alberello.

Early Budding (frost issue), Early ripening and uneven.

Sensitive to Coulure in wet/dry years

This biotype yields more bunches with fewer smaller berries

Big rich wines, high alcohol High Levels of Sugar (16% ABV possible), High in Anthocyanins

Vino di Taglio used for ABV and Coloring blends

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19
Q

Nero di Troia

Uva di Troia

A

Puglia

North Central Castel del Monte

Late Ripening, Thick Skins, High Tannins, Moderate Acidity

Blended or Varietals (which tend to be more refined and less powerful, full-bodied, alcoholic than Negro Amaro)

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20
Q

Malvasia Bianca di Basilicata

A

Basilicata

Vulture area

Used to soften Aglianico

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21
Q

Lacrima

A

Marche Native to Morro d’Alba

Aromatic red

Lachrima di Morro d’Alba = “Teardrop”, skins break easily Aromatic red grape

Dark Ruby (purple highlights), Balanced Tannins, Refreshing Acidity

Aromatic Rose, Violet, Wild Berries and Spice

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22
Q

Sangiovese synonyms

A

Brunello - Montalcino

Prugnolo Gentile - Montepulciano

Sangiovese Grosso - widespread

Sangioveto - Chianti Clasico

Morellino - Scansano

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23
Q

Grechetto di Orvieto (Grechetto)

Pulcinculo

A

Traditional Umbria - near Orvieto, Terni and W of Perugia

Mildew resistant so suitable for late harvest or botrytis

Light, Crisp, Refreshing Acidity, Delicate Aromas

Pulcinculo - known in Montepulciano

jointly planted with Todi

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24
Q

Frappato

A

Sicily

Vittoria SE Sicily

Once traditionally blended, now used as varietal

Light Body, Gently Tannins

Perfumed, Lively, Fresh, Juicy

25
**Pecorino** **Uva delle Pecore**
**Marche Abruzzo** **Native to Tronto River near Mt Sibillini (SW)** *Name means sheep since it is near the mountain sheep herding region* **Early Ripening, Hardy, Performs well at Altitude** High Acidity, Balanced by High Sugar, Med-High ABV, Mineral Similar to **SavBlanc** *Saved by Guido Cocci Griffoni 1980s Bit like Sauv Blanc and increasing in popularity*
26
**Vermentino**
**Sardegna & Tuscany** **Aromatic White Best on Granite soils of Gallura, Sardegna** Genetically identical to Favorita (Piemonte) & Pigato (Liguria) **Resistant to wind/drought, Early Budding, Mid-Ripening** Yellow/Straw Color, Full Body & Textured, High ABV, Balanced Acidity, Saline Finish **Intense Floral & Fruity, Aromatic Herb, Ripe White Fruit, Granit, Stone, Mineral Notes** **Bottle Age can develop Flint, Smoke notes**
27
**Malvasia di Lipari** **(Greco Bianco or** **Malvasia di Sardegna)**
**Calabria, Sardegna & Sicilia (Aeolian islands)** **Sardegna - around Bosa & Cagliari** **_Complex, Sweet Passito style_** **Orange Blossom, Tropical Fruit, Honey, Rich Textured mouth feel, Fresh Acidity​**
28
**Vernaccia di Oristano**
**Sardinia** Distinct, Ancient Sicilian Grape, **Tirso River near Oristano (W Sardinia)** **Unique Oxidative Style** **Sherry Like style (not Fortified), Intense, complex, very long lived** *Thrives in warm climate and alluvial soils*
29
**Canaiolo Nero** **(Canaiolo)**
**Tuscany** Once main Toscana grape (pre 18th C) lost out to Sangiovese (and phylloxera as hard to graft) Primary Blending to Sangiovese - **Brings softness and perfume**
30
**Trebbiano Toscano** **Ugni Blanc (France)** **Procanico (Lazio)**
**Tuscany (#1w), Abruzzo, Umbria, Lazio** **Highly productive** **Crisp, Neutral, High Acidity** **Blending component for Chianti DOC and Vin Santos**
31
**Inzolia (Ansonica)**
**W Sicily** Old, Native to West Sicilia **Moderate Acidity, need early picking** Used in Marsala & Dry DOC & IDT wines
32
**Sagrantino**
**Montefalco, Umbria** **Late ripening and cold resistant, irregular yields** **Thick Skins - most tannic, high polyphenols - needs age** Highest Tannins in Italy, Deep Color, Full Body, Powerful Acidity, High ABV
33
**Vernaccia di San Gimignano**
**Tuscany** Ancient Tuscan grape from Middle Ages Found around San Gimignano **Zesty, Dry varietal wines**
34
**Fiano**
**Lapio, Campania** ***Apianum - ancient Roman wine*** Native to Lapio, Iripina Considered Most Noble white grape one of Italy's finest Saved by Antonio **Mastroberadino** in 1940s **Floral Linden, Acacia, Citrusm Apple, Pear, Herbs, Moss, Hazelnut, Honey** Bottle Age to develop complexity and more intense flint, smoke, toast
35
**Verdicchio** Turbiana- Veneto Trebbiano di Soave
**Noble Grape - Marche's most important** (non-native) **Well structured** Means green referring to greenish tint to grape and wine **Structured, High Acidity, High ABV** **Floral, Citrus, Mineral, Almond, Ages very well to flint and kerosene** **Many styles - can oak age**
36
**Malvasia di Lazio** **_Puntinata_ ("dotted") due its dark specks​**
**Lazio** Genetically Distinct from other Malvasias, Native Lazio in **Castelli Romani** *Cross between Zibibbo (Muscat Alex) X Schiva Grossa, Prone to Botrytis* **Perfume, Grapey, Prone to Botrytis which helps produce rich luscious sweet wines**
37
**Bombino Bianco**
**Puglia** North Central near **Castel del Monte** **_IS NOT_ a mutation of _Bombino Nero_** **High acidity** **Good for sparkling**
38
**Tintilia**
**Molise** Thought to be Native to Molise, but maybe Spain **Deep Ruby, Full bodied, Fresh Acidity, Fine Tannins** **Flowers, Ripe Plum, Underbrush, Leather, Liquorice, Spice** Traditionally blended with Montpulciano, but more varietals now
39
**Monica**
**Sardegna** **2nd most widely planted red grape (11%)** Ancient Grape / Unknown Origin **Vigorous growth with high yields if unchecked** Most become simple light table wine **Soft & Round Palate, Balanced Acidity, Wild Berries (controlled growth)**
40
**Bombino Nero**
**Puglia** North and Central **Castel del Monte Rosato** **wines lighter than Negro Amaro** **Lighter Body & Structure, Fresh Delicate Floral and Red Fruit​**
41
**Nero d'Avola** **(Calabrese, Calavrisi)**
**Sicily - #1 red grape** Valued for color, full body and ageing potential Likes warmth - albarello trained **Deep Color, Full Body, Smooth Fine Tannins, High ABV​** **Red & Black Fruit - Cherry, Plum & Blackberry, Brush, Herb, Age Potential**
42
**Aleatico**
**Tuscany** From Toscana Grown on Elba Fragrant **Red aromatic**, **Sweet** **Passito** wine *Related to Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains*
43
**Ciliegiolo**
**Tuscany** Native to Toscana, grown in **Maremma**, Toscana, **Umbria (Nami & Amelia)** Means **Small Cherry** **Blending partner and softening agent for Sangiovese** due to lower acidity Grows well in warmer conditions and varietal in Maremma
44
**Greco**
**Irpinia, Campania** Most ancient & finest whites from Campania, home **Irpinia** around **Tufo** village Late ripening, Hard to grow, prone to fungal disease, **Oxidates easily, produces Volatile Acids** **Well Structured, Full Bodied, High Acidity, Almost tannic mouthfeel** Full and Sweet wines Benefits from Ageing
45
**Coda di Volpe Bianca**
**Campania exclusive** *Means White Foxtail - grape clusters look like a foxtail* **Moderate acidity - harvest carefully timed**
46
**Nerello Mascalese**
**Sicily** **Naive to foothills of Sicily Etna** **Noble Grape - Similar to Pinot Noir & Nebbiolo** **Late ripening, Pale - Med Color, Perceptible, Smooth Tannins, High ABV, High Acidity** **Red Fruit, Aromatic Herbs, Spices, Minerals** Different characteristics from site-to-site
47
**Passerina** High yields - Pagadebito (pay the debt) & Cacciadebit (chase the debt) Uva d'Oro (golden Grape)
**Marche** **High yielding, productive white grape** Native to **Central Adriatic Coast** Grown elsewhere but Marche has largest area under vine **High Acidity (good for sparkling and passito), Floral, Ripe Citrus, Tropical Fruit, Mineral**
48
**Nerello Cappuccio**
**Etna, Sicily** **Blended with Nerello Mascalese** **Used to soften and add color​** Less distinctive than Nerello Mascalese, thus less planted
49
**Catarratto Bianco**
**W Sicily** **Ancient workhorse grape - Largest Plantings** Biotypes - Cataratto Bianco Comune and Cataratto Bianco Lucido Native to West Sicily **Used in Marsala** *Also made into simple dry wine*
50
**Asprinio**
**Campania Asprinio di Averso** From Italian word "**Tart"** white grape **Light Body, High Acidity (ideal for sparklers), Moderate ABV** Maybe a Greco Biotype
51
**Carignano** **(Cariñena, Mazuelo, Carigan)**
**Southern Sardinia** From Spain Sardegna **Late-bud, Late-Ripen,** Needs heat to fully ripen eg warm, dry. Vigorous, Productive, resistant to drought & wind, prone to powdery mildew **Deep Ruby Color, High Tannin, High Acidity** **Sardinian are defined by distinctive, velvety-creamy mouthfeel**
52
**Cannonau** **(Garnacha / Grenache)**
**Sardinia** Originated in Spain, Sardegna's most widely planted grape (29%) **Nuoro (East/Central) is stronghold with 50% plantings there, Sassari (North) also wide plantings** *Resistant to drought, Late-budding, Mid/Late-ripening. Likes warm, dry conditions* **Full Body, High Alcohol, Medium Acidity, Floral and Red Fruit**
53
**Biancolella**
**Campania Ischia Island** **Moderate alcohol and acidity**
54
**Cesanese**
**Lazio's most distinctive red grape** 2 types: **_Cesanese Commune_** (more plantings) and **_Cesanese d'Affile_** (better) **Intesenly fruity, Medium Body & Well-structured** Once made sweet and fizzy now dry and still
55
Names for Sangiovese in 1. Montalcino 2. Montepulciano 3. Scansano 4. Toscana 5. Chianti Classico (sometimes)
1. **Brunello di Montalcino** 2. **Prugnolo Gentil** - Montepulciano 3. **Morellino** - Scansano 4. **Sangiovese Grosso** - all over Toscana 5. **Sangioveto** - sometimes Chianti Classico
56
**Grapes used to softern Sangiovese**
**Canaiolo - perfume** **Colorino** **Mammolo** **Malvasia Nera** **Malvasia Bianco and Trebbiano (white)**
57
What biotype of Aglianico is known for higher acidity?
**Aglianico Amaro (Taburno)**
58
Colorino
"Little Colored One" Deep color from skins Blending partner to Sangiovese Chianti / Vino Nobile

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 2 TB (49 decks)

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