Geography Flashcards
What is the largest part of Central Italy?
Toscana
NW Italy 42nd and 44th Parallel
What are the islands called off of Toscana and what is the largest?
Archipelago Toscano
Isola d’Elba is the largest
What is the topography of Toscana?
Majority hilly (67%) with vineyards planted 150-550m (Coastal Hills 150m & Inland Hills 500m)
Mountains (25%) represented by Northern Apennines
Plains (8%) - small and alluvial mostly on coast and rivers
What is the Maremma? What are its 3 areas?
Historic-geographic area
Shared with Lazio (Viterbo Province)
3 areas
1. Tuscan (or Alta) Maremma
2. southern Tuscan (Maremma Grossetana) - this is considered the real Maremma
3. Maremma Laziale
Once a marshland, drained and reclaimed land
Name the Tuscan Rivers North to South?
Arno River (north)
Ombrone River (south)
Orcia River (south and tributarty of Ombrone)
What are the mountains located in Italy?
Alpi Apuane (Northern Tuscany)
Pratomagno - range where Arno River starts
Monte Amiata - SE or Montalcino and protects area from humidity, storms and hail
Northern Apennines - protects cool currents from the north and rain barrier for central-south part of the region
Where does Toscana rank within Italy
- under vine and
- production
- DOC
- DOCGs
- DOC+DOCGs
- Under vine #4
- Production #7
- DOC #2
- DOCG #3
5 DOC+DOCG #2
Montagna Grande
800m
Pantelleria DOC, Sicilia
When is the most rainfall in Toscana and where is it wettest and driest
Autumn and winter with November the wettest month and July the driest
Central and Southern region of Toscana are the driest (Maremma, Elba, Crete Senesi, part of Val d’Orcia and east Val di Chiana) drought a potential problem
What island impacts the rains in central-south Toscana
Corsica Island
Is snow common in the Apennines
Yes
Where is it hottest in Toscana
S Maremma, Islands and Tuscan Coast
Inland cooler with higher diurnal
Describe the Historic Sub-Regions of Campania and which Respective Provinces they are associated with?
Sannio = Benevento BIGGEST WINE PRODUCING
Iripnina = Avelino
Cilentto = Salerno
Terra di Lavoro = Caserta and part of Lazio
Describe Toscana soils
Galestro - cumbly claey, schist rock with sharp edges and tends to flake (Chianti Classico, Rufina, Montalcino)
Alberse - fine grained, calcareous marl - central & southern part of Chianti Classico (Castellina)
North Apennines
Alpi Apuane
Mt Amiata
Pratomango
Mountains in Toscana
Central Apennines
Sub Apennines (west)
Monti Martani
Val Tiberina (bisects region)
Mountains in Umbria
Monte Cònero
Central Apennines
Mountains in Marche
Central Apennines
Massif Gran Sasso (N. 3000m)
Massif Maiella
Monti Della Laga (Lazio/Marche border)
Mountains in Abruzzo
Central Apennines
VOLCANOES
Volsini
Cimini
Sabatini
Volcanoes in Lazio
Southern Apennines
Mt Vesuvio
Mt Cervialto
Mt Cervati
Mt Taburno
Mountains / Volcanoes in Campania
Southern Apennines (APPENNINO LUCANO)
Mt Vulture
Mountains in Basilicata
Southern Apennines
Mountains in Molise
Gargano Promontory (“Spur” 1,000m)
Tavoliere - 2nd largest Plain
Murge
Salento “Heal”
Mountains/Plains in Puglia
Southern Apennines
Massif of Pollino
Catena Costiera
The Sila
The Aspromonte
Mountains in Calabria
Sicilian Apennines
Mt Etna (3000m) HIGHEST IN EUROPE
Mt Iblei
Mt Volcano
Mt Stromboli
Mountains in Sicilia
Gennargentu Massif (in east)
Monti Ala (NE)
Monte Limbara (NE)
Campidano Plain
Mountains/Plains in Sardinia
Arno
Ombrone
Orcia
Aso
Rivers of Toscana
Tevere (Tiber)
Chiascio
Paglia
LAKE Trasimeno (near Tuscany) 4th largest
Lake Corbara (Lazio-manmade)
Rivers and Lakes in Umbria
Fogia - Metauro
Misa - Esino
Potenza - Chienti
Tronto - Aso
Rivers in Marche
Aterno-Pescara (longest)
Sangro
Tordino
Vomano
Tronto
Rivers of Abruzzo
Tevere (Tiber)
LAKES
Bolsena
Vico
Bracciano
Rivers / Lakes of Lazio
Volturno River
Calore River (Calore Irpino)
Campania
Bradano
Basento
Agri
Rivers of Basilicata
Biferno River
Molise River
Ofanto River
Fortore River
Cervaro River
Rivers of Puglia
Crati River
Neto River
Rivers of Calabria
Solso River
Simeto River
Belice River (near Marsala)
Rivers in Sicilia
Tavolara (N)
San Pietro & Sant’Antioco (SW)
Asinara
Maddalena Archipelago
Islands Sardegna
Tavolara - Gallura
San Pietro & Sant’Antioco - Sulcis
Tirso River
Rivers in Sardegna
Abruzzo Mountains?
Divided into 3
Very narrow coast
Amphitheater-like mountains
Abruzzo Soils
High Clay Content
Inland Hills - sandstone, marl
Coast- calcareous
Low Coast hills - clay/sand/gravel
Firenze
Siena
Lucca
Toscana
Etruscans
Toscana
Perugia
Montefalco
Spoleto
Terni
Orvieto
Umbria
Umbri
Etruscans
Umbria
Ancona
Macerata
Pesaro
Urbino
Fermo
Marche
Piceni
Senones
Marche
Pescara
Teramo
l’Aquila
Chieti
Abruzzo
Acqui
Samnites
Piceni
Abruzzo
Italic
Lazio
Roma
Rieti
Latina
Frosinone
Viterbo
Lazio
Napoli
Caserta
Benevento
Avelino
Salerno
Campania
Greeks - Magan Graecia Center
Campania
Potenza
Matera
Basilicata
2 coastlines (Ionia & Tyrrhenian)
Basilicata
Calabria
Lucania
Basilicata
Campobasso
Isernia
Molise
Italic Samnites
Molise
Bari
Foggia
Taranto
Lecce
Brindisi
Puglia
Cantanzaro
Cosenza
Reggio Calabria
Calabria
Iapygian
Greeks
Puglia
Greeks
Krotos
Rhegion
Calabria
Siculi
Phoenicians
Sicilia
Palermo
Marsala
Enna
Ragusa
Catania
Siracusa
Sicilia
Nuraghi
Sardegna
Italy’s largest region?
Sicilia
Italy’s 3rd largest region?
Sardegna
Bocche di Bonifacio
Straits between Sardegna and Corsica
Mt Epomeo
Ischia - volcano
Castellina
Gaiole
Radda
Greve
Panzano
Villages included in the 1716 Bando Edict
Val di Chiana
Splits Montepulciano wine growing area east and west
Montefalco
Bevagna
Gualdo Cattaneo
Castel Ritaldi
Giano dell’Umbria
The 5 villages of Montefalco (220-400m)
Lacustrine soils with yellow sand
What is Italy’s 3rd largest island?
Elba
What surrounds Toscana?
Liguria
Emilia Romagna
Marche
Umbria
Lazio
What surrounds Umbria?
Toscana
Marche
Lazio
What surrounds Lazio?
Emilia Romagna
Toscana
Umbria
Lazio
Abruzzo
What surrounds Abruzzo?
Marche
Lazio
Molise
What surrounds Lazio?
Toscana
Umbria
Marche
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
What surrounds Campania?
Lazio
Molise
Puglia
Basilicata
What surrounds Basilicata?
Campania
Puglia
Calabria
What surrounds Molise?
Lazio
Abruzzo
Campania
Puglia
What surrounds Puglia?
What surrounds Calabria?
Basilicata
technically Sicily by Straits of Messina
What is the highest peak in the Apennines?
Massif Gran Sasso in Abruzzo (2,900m)
What are the 3 categories of hills in Italy?
Sedimentary - ancient sea beds eg Chianti
Moranic - Alpine glaciers = gravel and sand
Volcanic - eg Veneto, Lazio, Toscana, Campania, Sicilia
Ionian Sea separates Italy from….
Greece
What sea has a stronger moderating influence and why Tyrrhenian Sea of Ionian Sea?
Tyrrhenian since it is deeper and larger thus more cooling
What EU climatic zones are Central and Southern Italy in?
C2 and C3(b)
Note: C3(b) is the warmest
Most of N Italy is C2 and parts are C1 (coldest)
What is the Balcony of Umbria?
Montefalco