Foundations 2 Flashcards
Rhaeti
Salassi
Liguri
Veneti
Samnites
Nuragic
Rhaeti, Salassi & Liguri - NW Italy
Veneti - NE Italy
Samnites - South Italy
Naragic - Sardegna
Etruscans
Peak 6th BCE
Occupied C/S Italy and parts of N Italy along Po (Lombardia, Veneto, Piemonte, Emilia Romagna)
- Taught tribes to grow vines
- Domesticated wild vines
- Introduced Alberata
- Trade to France and Spain
Greeks
S Italy
“Oenotria” Land of Vines
- Brought grapes
- Introduced low head training
- Expanded trade
Dionysus “god of wine” then Romans adopted “Bacchus”
Romans
4th BCE
Used both Etruscan and Greek
Refined vine training and pruning
Caercubum
Falernum
Mamertinum
Ancient White Roman wines
Caercubum - Lazio
Falernum - Campania
Mamertinum - Sicilia
Wines of Roma
Sweet, Alcoholic diluted with sea water, resin, herbs and spices
Rhaeticum
Pucinum
Under Augustus N Italy Roman wines became famous
Rhaeticum - Veneto
Pucinum - Friuli Venezia Giula
What helped Roman wine trade?
Its road network
And they spread wine techniques in all areas conquered
330 AD Roma
Emperor Constantine moves to Constantinople moving the capital
476AD
Goths Vandal and Fall of Roma
Viticulture collapses
What happened to wine storage in the Middle Ages?
Moved from Amphorae vessels the Romans used to
Wood Barrel that were not airtight. Quality dropped
Communi
Developed into city states in a fractured 9th AD Italy
Milano, Bologna, Parma, Firenze became powerful
Nebbiolo
Barbera
Garganega
1st mentions of Italian Grapes in 15th Century
What were the maritime republics?
Venezia
Genova
Pisa
Military and trading centers in the Middle Ages
What countries owned Piemonte and Southern Italy during the Reinascimento?
France controlled Piemonte
Spain most of Southern Italy through Aragon
What two Italian region states remained independent?
Republic of Venezia
Papal State
Risorgimento
Starting 1815 resurgency in Italy’s political reunification
What areas remained outside of the Kingdom of Italy after 1861?
Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giuila, Trentino-Alto Adige (still part of Austrian Empire)
Papal States and Veneto independent
When and were did Phylloxera first hit?
Lombardia 1875
Campania in 1920-30s
Where was the 1st single vineyard appearing in the 1960s?
Barolo
What EU category does DOC and DOCG fall under?
IGT?
Both DOCG & DOC are PDOs
IGT - PGI or Indicazione Geografica Tipica
How many DOCGS, DOC, IGT
DOCG - 74
DOC - 332
IGT - 114
What needs to happen to be sold DOCG?
- lab test
- blind taste
- once approved GOLD SEAL - Fascetta or Sigillo with serial number
How can a DOC get promoted to DOCG?
10 years as DOC
& Approval from the EU since 2012
What is the Fascetta or Sigillo (label) for DOC and DOCG?
DOC = blue label (not mandatory) + serial number
DOCG = Gold lable (mandatory) + serial number
Sottozona
Subzone of DOC or DOCG more restricted rules than parent
MGA
Analogous to Cru
Differ from subzone to subzone and are usually under fewer producers.
How are generic wines labled?
Color - eg rosso, rosato or bianco
Varietal - requires 85%+ from whatever grape.
Difference between disciplinaire and consorzio?
disciplinaire - mandated by law and follow the rules to be DOC or DOCG
Consorzio - voluntary association and is regulated by law. not specific to a DOC or DOCG but regions.
Varietals must have what % of the grape?
85%
Is chaptalization permitted in Italy and what is arrichimento?
No
Must Enrichment (arricchimento) is permitted if allowed by DOC/DOCG
How does acidification work?
If C1 - (eg Valle d’Aosta) - you can deacidify but not acidify
C2 - both are possible
C3(B) can only acidify
