Topic 6 Cloning ++++

Question 1

How can plants be cloned

Answer 1

Tissue culture
Cuttings

Question 2

What is tissue culture

Answer 2

Where a few plant cells are put into a growth medium with hormones and grow into new plants - clones of the parent
Can be made quickly with very little space and be grown all year

Question 3

What is tissue culture used to preserve

Answer 3

Rare plants that are hard to reproduce naturally by plant nurseries to produce a lot of stock quickly

Question 4

How are cuttings used to clone plants

Answer 4

Gardeners take cuttings from good parent plants and then plant them to produce genetically identical copies of the parent plant

Question 5

Adv of using cutting to clone

Answer 5

Produce quickly and cheaply
Older simpler method then tissue culture

Question 6

How can animal clones be made

Answer 6

Using embryo transplants

Question 7

How are embryo transplants done

Answer 7

Sperm cells are taken from the animal with the characteristics and egg cells are taken from another animal with desired characteristics and then used to artificially fertilise am egg cell
Embryo developed is split many times to form clones before any cells become specialised
Cloned embryos can be implanted into lots of other animals where they grow into animals with the desired characteristics

Question 8

How many ideal offspring can be produced by animal cloning each year

Answer 8

Hundreds of ideal offspring

Question 9

What is adult cell cloning

Answer 9

Taking an unfertilised egg cell and removing its nucleus. The nucleus is then reminded from an adult body cell and inserted into the empty egg cell
The egg cell is stimulated by an electric shock that makes it divide like normal embryos
When the embryo is a ball of cells it is implanted into the womb of an adult female and grows into an identical copy ore try original adult body cell

Question 10

What was adult cloning used to create

Answer 10

Dolly the cloned sheep

Question 11

What are issues with cloning

Answer 11

Reduce gene pool- fewer alleles in a population- if a new disease appear could all be wiped out
Cloned animals might not be as healthy as normal ones
People worry it could be done n humans and may result in unsuccessful attempts
E.g children born severely disabled

Question 12

Pros of cloning

Answer 12

Study of animal clones could lead to greater understanding of the embryo, ageing and age related disorders
Could help preserve endangered species