TOPIC 4: Lesson 1 - Musco Skeletal System

Question 1

What movement happens at a hinge joint?

Answer 1

Flexion/Extension

Question 2

What are the articulaing bones at the hinge joints of the elbow, knee and ankle?

Answer 2

Elbow - Humerus, radius, ulna.
Knee - Femur, tibia.
Ankle - Talus, tibia, fibula.

Question 3

What movement happens at a ball and socket joint?

Answer 3

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Rotation

Question 4

What are the articulating bones at the ball and socket joints of the shoulder and hip?

Answer 4

Shoulder - Humerus, scapula.
Hip - Femur, pelvis.

Question 5

Muscles in the body…

Answer 5

• Deltoid
• Pectoralis Major/Minor
• Biceps brachii/Triceps brachii
• Abdominals
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Ilipsoas (hip flexors)
• Gluteas Medius/Maximus
• Quadriceps/Hamstrings
• Adductor longus/magnus
• Gastrocnemius/Tibialis anterior
• Soleus

Question 6

What are antagonistic pairs?

Answer 6

• Skeletal msucles work together to provide movement of the joints.
• While one muscle contracts, another relaxes to create movement.
• The msucle contracting is the agonist (prime mover), the msucle relaxing is the antagonist.
• Muscles are connected to bones via tendons. When the muscles contract, they pull on the tendon which pulls on the bone to create movement.

Question 7

What are the different ways that muscles can contract?

Answer 7

1 - Isometric: the muscle length does not change and there is no movement. E.g., wall sit, holding a squat.
2 - Isotonic: the muscle length changes, causing movement at a joint. There are two types of isotonic contractions; concentric and eccentric.

Concentric - the muscle shortens as it contracts (bicep curl)
Eccentric - the muscle lengthens as is contracts. The muscle had to overcome gravity - (downwards phase of a press up)