Energy Transfer during Long Duration/Lower Intensity Exercise

Question 1

Energy transfer during long duration/intensity

Answer 1

• Uses aerobic system as the preferred method of producing energy
• Demand of O2 can be met easily
• Glucose/fats can be broken down efficiently in the presence of O2 during high intensity
• As intensity increases, fats cant be used as efficiently because they need more O2 than glucose in their breakdown

Question 2

What is oxygen consumption?

Answer 2

Amount of oxygen we use to produce ATP - usually referred to as VO2

Question 3

What is VO2 max?

Answer 3

The max volume of O2 that can be taken up by muscles per minute

Question 4

What is submaximal O2 defecit?

Answer 4

When there is not enough O2 available at the start of exercise to provide all the energy aerobically

Question 5

Describe what happens to O2 consumption and expain what O2 defecit is and why it occurs

Answer 5

• In the graph, at the start of exercise there is more O2 to provide more ATP to working muscles so O2 consumption increases
• As intensity increases, O2 consumption does too until performer reaches max consumption
• When they begin exercise, nisufficient O2 is distributedto tissues so msucles can work aerobically

Question 6

What is maximal O2 deficit?

Answer 6

• Referred to as maximal accumulated O2 deficit/MAOD
• Gives an indication of athletes anaerobic capacity
• O2 deficit is bigger during maximal exercise as they’re w0rking anaerobically due to high intensity

Question 7

Why is MAOD bigger in max exercise?

Answer 7

• Performer is short of O2 at the tsart and they have to work more anaerobically
• Creates more lactic acid as the body struggles to produce enough ATP

Question 8

What is EPOC and what happens during it?

Answer 8

• Excess post exercise O2 consumption
• Breathing fast and deep following exercise to increase amoung of O2 in the body to return the body to it’s pre-exercise state
• It reoxygenates blood and myoglobin
• Breakdown of lactate in blood
• Resynthesis of glycogen from lactate

Question 9

What happens during the fast component of EPOC?

Answer 9

• 2-3m after an event
• Needs 1-4L extra O2 to replenish ATP-PC (50% restored in 30s)
• Myoglobin stores

Question 10

What happens during the slow component of EPOC?

Answer 10

• Removal of lactic acid
• During recovery, lactic acid converts back into pyruvic acid - re enters Krebs Cycle and 65% is converted into CO2 and H2O.
• 20% is converted into glycogen
• 5% is converted into glucose
• 10% is converted into protein
• Breathing remains slightly elevated following exercise to increase O2 delivery to tissues and CO2 removal from tissues
• Heat production is higher than heat removal during exercise so temp needs to remain elevated to allow gradual decrease

Question 11

The lactacid recovery process

Answer 11

• high intensity exercise up to 60s creates lactic acid
• O2 is needed to remove lactic acid
• restores muscle/liver glycogen

Question 12

The recovery process

Answer 12

• slow
• full recovery takes up to 1 hour
• relativey large amounts of lactic acid are produced during high intensity exercise

Question 13

What are the implications of recovery on training?

Answer 13

• Warm up: early increase in O2 delivery will minimise O2 deficit
• Active recovery/cool down: increase O2 delivery to tissues + speeds up fast/slow components of EPOC
• Specificity: athletes body learns to recover quicker
• Strategies: time outs/tactics allows for recovery
• Nutrition: effective diet before during and after activity delays fatigue so speeds up recovery