Lesson 4: Principles and Theories of Learning and Performance Flashcards
1
Q
Define learning.
A
- A permenant change in behaviour as a resuly of practice.
2
Q
Define performance.
A
- A temporary occurance that can change from time to time because of many external and internal factors.
3
Q
What happens during the cognitive stage?
A
- You learn what is needed to perform a skill
- Frequent errors occur
- Attention to decisions and step by step procedures
- Have high attentional demand (lots of thinking)
- Tend to perform the skills slowly
- Requires lots of feedback (teacher/peer/coach)
4
Q
What are the implications for practice at the cognitive stage
A
- Have skills demonstrated - ensures a visual aid and mental picture
- The neurons in the motor control section of the brain respond when an action is observed.
- Allow time for practice by re demonstrating the skill
- Don’t overload the learner with info and use short cue words.
5
Q
What happens at the associative stage?
A
Learners typically:
- Refine the accuracy and consistency of the motor skill
- There is a decrease in number of errors
- Performer gradually gets more successful and fluent
- Learner begins to make use of intrinsic or kinaesthetic feedback
- Begin to pay attebntion to concurrent feedback (during performance)
6
Q
What are the implications for practice at the associative stage?
A
- A stage of rapif improvement
- Skilled actions get smoother, more accurate, better times and more efficient
- Begin to use more complex and detailed cues
- Learner performs and practises the skill under a variety of situations.
- Practice competition like setting/environment.
7
Q
What happens at the autonomous stage?
A
- Sequencing and timing of the subroutines is automatic - less conscious attention
- Process larger chunks of information that occurs without their attention
- Performer analysing own perfomance and adjust own actions
- High levels of smoothness effieciency, accuracy and performed without stress.
