The Memory System Flashcards
1
Q
What is memory used for?
A
- to make correct decisions
- there are 3 aspects to memory
- short term sensory store: info kept for 1s and not important; it’s forgotten
- short term memory/working memory: lasts for 25-30s before we lose info and can only retain 5-9 items as a rule
- long term memory: past experiences and memory has limitless capacity. Once stored in LTM it’s not forgotten.
-> believed to be stored as motor programmes/schema
2
Q
Short term memory store
A
- stimuli that enters brain has large storage capacity
- can only hold info fo 0.25-1s
- selective attention is used to filter important info
- other info that is irrelevant is immediately lost/forgotten
3
Q
Short term memory/working memory
A
- can hold 7 chunks of info
- 30s
- only info sent through STSS reaches STM
- to extend length of STM you must repeat info - verbal repitition + chunking
- info will only go into LTM if rehearsed/encoded
- if not done, info is lost/forgotten
4
Q
Long term memory
A
- capacity is unlimited
- can store info for long periods of time
- encoded info means it has been stored w/ meaning
- motor programmes are stored in LTM as they have been rehearsed many times
- over learnt skills are automatic - autonomous performer
- LTM/STM are diff bc LTM only stores info, STM decides what info it wants
5
Q
Working memory model: Baddeley and Hitch
A
- Central Executive
- Display -> phonological loop (sounds) visuospatial sketchpad (visual) <- episodic buffer (STM)
- Long term memory
6
Q
What is the central executive?
A
- control centre of working memory model, it uses 3 other systems to control all info moving in and out of memory system
7
Q
What is the phonological loop?
A
- deals w/ auditory info from senses and helps produce memory trace
8
Q
What is the visuospatial sketchpad?
A
- used to temporarily store visual and spatial info -> sight/where
9
Q
What is the episodic buffer?
A
- co-rodinates the sight, hearing and movement info and movement from working memory into sequences to be sent to LTM
10
Q
How does the working memory and LTM work together?
A
- working memory picks up relevant info from sproting environment
- selective attention is used
- working memory has links w/ LTM sending coded info for future storage/use
- working memory prodyces memory trace, a mental snapshot of the skill and works w/ LTM by sending the trace to be compared w/ info already stored in LTM
- LTM sends info back to working memory for use in current sporting situation
11
Q
How can a coach improve info processing in terms of sensory input/selective attention?
A
- change visual display such as bigger ball
- reduce cues so that learner isnt overloaded
- ensure basic skills are well learned to free up attention capacity
- reduce anxiety/arousal levels
12
Q
How can a coach improve info processing in terms of memory?
A
- provide lots of practice
- use phrases that help learner remember key points
- make sessions exciting/more memorable
- not moving on too quickly
13
Q
How can a coach improve info processing in terms of decision making?
A
- vary practice so learners experience a range of situations
- build up their LTM to enhance decision making.
14
Q
What strategies can be used to store information in LTM?
A
- rewards: extrinsic/intrinsic - helps motivate perfomer to want to remember correct actions
- association of actions you wish to learn w/ appropriate actions/emotions already stored in LTM
- mental practice - going over action in mind w/o physical movement
- chunking - breaking skills down into parts/sub-routines
- focus - concentrate on task + ignore distractions -> helps improve selective attention