The Memory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is memory used for?

A
  • to make correct decisions
  • there are 3 aspects to memory
  • short term sensory store: info kept for 1s and not important; it’s forgotten
  • short term memory/working memory: lasts for 25-30s before we lose info and can only retain 5-9 items as a rule
  • long term memory: past experiences and memory has limitless capacity. Once stored in LTM it’s not forgotten.
    -> believed to be stored as motor programmes/schema
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2
Q

Short term memory store

A
  • stimuli that enters brain has large storage capacity
  • can only hold info fo 0.25-1s
  • selective attention is used to filter important info
  • other info that is irrelevant is immediately lost/forgotten
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3
Q

Short term memory/working memory

A
  • can hold 7 chunks of info
  • 30s
  • only info sent through STSS reaches STM
  • to extend length of STM you must repeat info - verbal repitition + chunking
  • info will only go into LTM if rehearsed/encoded
  • if not done, info is lost/forgotten
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4
Q

Long term memory

A
  • capacity is unlimited
  • can store info for long periods of time
  • encoded info means it has been stored w/ meaning
  • motor programmes are stored in LTM as they have been rehearsed many times
  • over learnt skills are automatic - autonomous performer
  • LTM/STM are diff bc LTM only stores info, STM decides what info it wants
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5
Q

Working memory model: Baddeley and Hitch

A
  • Central Executive
  • Display -> phonological loop (sounds) visuospatial sketchpad (visual) <- episodic buffer (STM)
  • Long term memory
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6
Q

What is the central executive?

A
  • control centre of working memory model, it uses 3 other systems to control all info moving in and out of memory system
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7
Q

What is the phonological loop?

A
  • deals w/ auditory info from senses and helps produce memory trace
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8
Q

What is the visuospatial sketchpad?

A
  • used to temporarily store visual and spatial info -> sight/where
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9
Q

What is the episodic buffer?

A
  • co-rodinates the sight, hearing and movement info and movement from working memory into sequences to be sent to LTM
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10
Q

How does the working memory and LTM work together?

A
  • working memory picks up relevant info from sproting environment
  • selective attention is used
  • working memory has links w/ LTM sending coded info for future storage/use
  • working memory prodyces memory trace, a mental snapshot of the skill and works w/ LTM by sending the trace to be compared w/ info already stored in LTM
  • LTM sends info back to working memory for use in current sporting situation
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11
Q

How can a coach improve info processing in terms of sensory input/selective attention?

A
  • change visual display such as bigger ball
  • reduce cues so that learner isnt overloaded
  • ensure basic skills are well learned to free up attention capacity
  • reduce anxiety/arousal levels
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12
Q

How can a coach improve info processing in terms of memory?

A
  • provide lots of practice
  • use phrases that help learner remember key points
  • make sessions exciting/more memorable
  • not moving on too quickly
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13
Q

How can a coach improve info processing in terms of decision making?

A
  • vary practice so learners experience a range of situations
  • build up their LTM to enhance decision making.
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14
Q

What strategies can be used to store information in LTM?

A
  • rewards: extrinsic/intrinsic - helps motivate perfomer to want to remember correct actions
  • association of actions you wish to learn w/ appropriate actions/emotions already stored in LTM
  • mental practice - going over action in mind w/o physical movement
  • chunking - breaking skills down into parts/sub-routines
  • focus - concentrate on task + ignore distractions -> helps improve selective attention
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