TOPIC 29A. The vertebral column, epaxial and hypaxial muscles, muscles moving the head

Question 1

Name the parts of the vertebrae

Answer 1

1. corpus - caput, fossa, crista ventralis
2. arcus vertebrae - ventral pediculus and dorsal lamina arcus vertebrae
3. processus spinosus
4. processus transversus
5. processus articularis cran/caud
6. processus mammilaris
7. processus accessorius (car and sus only)
8. incisura vertebrae

Question 2

how many coccygeal vertebrae in eq

Answer 2

15-21

Question 3

how many coccygeal vertebrae in ru

Answer 3

18-20

Question 4

how many coccygeal vertebrae in ca/su

Answer 4

20-23

Question 5

how many sternebrae in eq

Answer 5

5

Question 6

how many sternebrae in ru

Answer 6

4

Question 7

how many sternebrae in ca

Answer 7

6

Question 8

3 main curvatures in the vertebrae

Answer 8

dorsal convex - bw head and neck
dorsal concave - bw neck and chest
dorsal convex - bw thorax and lumbar regions

Question 9

name the first 4 ligaments of the vertebrae

Answer 9

1. lig atlantoaxiale
2. lig longitudinale dentis
3. lig alaria (not in ru)
4. lig transversus atlantis (ca and sus)

Question 10

which species is lig alaria not in

Answer 10

ru

Question 11

which species is lig transversus atlantis in

Answer 11

ca and su

Question 12

which species is lig longitudinales dentis in

Answer 12

eq and bo

Question 13

Name the short ligaments of the cervical vertrebrae

Answer 13

ligg flava

ligg interspinalia

Question 14

Name the long ligaments of the vertebrae

Answer 14

ligg longitudinales dorsale
ligg longitudinales ventrale
lig nuchae

Question 15

what deos lig nuchae consist of

Answer 15

funiculus and lamina nuchae

Question 16

what species is lamina nuchae in

Answer 16

eq and ru

Question 17

name the spaces of the vertebrae (3)

Answer 17

spatium atlanto-occipital
spatium atlanto-axial
spatium lumbo-sacrale

Question 18

what kind of mobility is seen in cervical vert

Answer 18

mostly free,

lat, vent, dors, rotation

Question 19

what kind of mobility is seen in thoracic and lumbar vert

Answer 19

mobility decreases progressively and eventually restricted to just flex and extention

Question 20

what kind of mobility is seen in sacral vertebrae

Answer 20

fused - no movement

Question 21

what kind of mobility is seen in coccygeal

Answer 21

full mobility

Question 22

what are the epaxial muscles responsible for

Answer 22

elevate, lat, flex, rotate cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Question 23

what are the epaxial muscles innervated by

Answer 23

the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves

Question 24

name the supf epaxial muscle

Answer 24

m splenius

Question 25

list the middle epaxial muscles

Answer 25

1. m iliocostalis

2. m longissimmi

Question 26

list the parts of m longissimmi

Answer 26

capitis, atlantis, cervicis, thoracic and lumborum

Question 27

list the deep layer epaxial muscles

Answer 27

1. spinalis (eq) (et semispinalis in ca, ru)
2. m semispinalis capitis
3. m multifidous

Question 28

what parts of are m semispinalis capitis not in eq

Answer 28

m biventer cervis and m complexus

Question 29

name the short epaxial muscles

Answer 29

1. m intertransversarii
2. m interspinalis
3. m rortatores

Question 30

what are the hypaxial muscles

Answer 30

flexors of the vertebral column - depress the spine

Question 31

where are the hypaxial muscles found

Answer 31

mainly in cervical region

Question 32

name the hypaxial muscles

Answer 32

1. m longus colli

2. m scalenus

Question 33

what are the muscles of the head responsible for

Answer 33

shaking, tilting, turning head

Question 34

what are the muscles of the head a continuation of

Answer 34

muscles of neck onto head

Question 35

name the muscles moving the head

Answer 35

1. m rectus capitis dorsalis major/minor
2. m rectus capitis lateralis/ventralis
3. m obliquus capitis cran/caud