Topic 10 part 2

Question 1

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 1

Rigid, punitive, strict standards

child behavior:

• unsociable, unfriendly, withdrawn

Question 2

Permissive parenting

Answer 2

Lax, inconsistent, undemanding

Child behavior:

• Immature, moody, dependent, low self-control

Question 3

Uninvolved parenting

Answer 3

Detached emotionally, sees role only as providing food, clothing and shelter

child behavior:

• Indifferent, rejecting behavior

Question 4

Authoritative parenting

Answer 4

Firm sets limits and goals, uses reasoning, encourages independence

Child behavior:

• Good social skills, likeable, self reliant, independent

Question 5

Temperament

Answer 5

An innate disposition that emerges early in life

• Easy/Difficult/Slow to warm up
• Affects parenting style

Question 6

Resiliency

Answer 6

The ability to overcome circumstances that place them at high risk for psychological or physical harm

• Resilient children shape their own environment

Question 7

Psychosocial development (Erickson)

Answer 7

1. Trust versus mistrust (Birth - 1.5)
2. Autonomy versus shame and doubt (1.5 - 3)
3. Initiative versus guilt (3 - 6)
4. industry versus inferiority stage (6 - 12)
5. Identity versus role confusion (adolescence)
6. intimacy versus isolation (post-adolescents to early 30s)
7. Generativity versus stagnation (middle adulthood)
8. Ego integrity versus despair

Question 8

Theory of cognitive development (Jean Pigets)

Answer 8

1. Sensorimotor stage (Birth - 2)

• Understand based on touching chewing, manipulating

2. Preoperational stage (2 - 7)

• Development of language and symbolic thinking, egocentric thinking

3. Concrete operational stage (7 - 12)

• Principal of Conservation
• Think more logical manner

4. Formal operational stage (12 - adulthood)

• Development of logical and abstract thinking

Question 9

Moral Development

Answer 9

Kohlberg states people pass through a series of stages in their evolution of justice and moral reasoning

1. Preconvention morality

• Fear of punishment leads to obedience

2. Conventional morality

• Law & Order - don’t rock the boat

3. Postconventional morality

• Values & laws are relative and can change

Question 10

Criticism of Kohlberg’s theory

Answer 10

overlook education & cultural influences

Gender biased

etc.

Question 11

Gender differences in morality

Answer 11

Woman

• Care-based oriented, emphasizes interpersonal relationships, guided by social emotions

Men

• Justice & Fairness
• Not Absolute

Question 12

Cognitive development in adolescence

Answer 12

Personal fables

• Beliefs that one’s experiences are unique, exceptional & shared by no one else

Invincibility fables

• Distorted perception of risk, exempt from rules of probability & nature

Emotion > Logic

• immaturity of brain areas that regulate impulse control
• greater tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty

Question 13

Transitions of Life (Adulthood)

Answer 13

Emerging adulthood (18 - 25)

• In some ways an adult in some ways not
• peak health

Middle adulthood

• Perceived by many as the best years
• The body becomes less efficient and more susceptible to disease

Midlife transition

• Begin to question their lives
• Midlife crisis

Old age

• Some types of thinking change, while others stay the same
• Fluid intelligence tends to decline

Question 14

Old Age

Answer 14

memory changes are not an inevitable part of aging

Alzheimer’s disease

• progressive brain disorder, leads toa gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilities

19% of 74 - 84 alzheimers, 50% of people over 80

Preventation

• Physical activity
• Cognitive engagement
• Healthy Diet