TOEFL - Set 5 Flashcards
hovercraft
n. 气垫船
aircraft
n. 飞行器;飞机/飞艇
spacecraft
n. 太空船
cram
v. 填塞;匆忙准备 (pack;study) [cram for准备]
cramped
adj. 狭窄的 (jammed/stuffed)
crash
n. /vt. 碰撞/坠毁/撞碎 (smash;collision)
n. 破产/垮台 (failure)
crater
n. 火山口;弹坑
crawl
vi. 爬/爬行 (creep)
crayon
n. 彩色蜡笔/粉笔或其绘画
crazy
adj. 疯狂的/狂热的 (insane/deranged)
credence
n. 信任/相信 (credit/faith)
credentials
n. 凭据/文凭 (certificate/warrant)
credit
n. 学分
n. 信誉/信用;荣誉/声望 (reputation/prestige)
n. 贷方/银行存款
vt. 认定…;把…归给/归于 (recognize/ascribe)
creditor
n. 债权人
creek
n. 小溪/小河 (stream/brook)
creep
vi. 慢慢行进;爬行 (crawl)
crevice
n. 缺口/裂缝 (gap/crack)
crew
n. 全体工作人员;同事们
screw
n. 螺丝钉
vt. 拧紧
screwdriver
n. 螺丝起子
crimson
n./adj. 深红色(的) (bloody)
cripple
vt. 削弱;使残废 (handicap/maim/disable)
crippling
adj. 令人震惊的
crisscross
vi. 交叉往来 (move back and forth)
the Red Cross
红十字会
crossbones
n. 十字骨头
crosscut
adj. 横切的
crossing
n. 横越/交叉口
critical
adj. 评论的/批评的 (captious)
adj. 危急的;非常重要的 (essential/acute/crucial/decisive)
critical point
临界点
critique
n. (文艺)批评/评论 (review/commentary)
crooked
adj. 不诚实的;欺诈的
adj. 弯曲的;蜿蜒的 (curved)
crow
n. 乌鸦
crowd
n. 人群
overcrowd
vt. 使过度拥挤
crown
n. 王冠
crowbar
n. 撬棍
crucial
adj. 至关紧要的
crude
adj 粗糙的/粗鲁的;原始的/未提炼的 [crude oil原油]
cruelty
n. 残忍
crumple
vt. 把…弄皱;起皱 (wrinkle/rumple)
crumble
v. 粉碎;崩溃 (fall apart/disintegrate/break up)
crush
vt. 压垮;粉碎;使变形 (squash/smash/press)
crustacean
n. 甲壳动物
crystal
n. 水晶/晶体 (quartz)
adj. 清澈的;结晶状的 (limpid/lucid)
crystalline
adj. 水晶的/透明的
crystallize
v. 明确;使结晶化
crystallized
adj. 变成晶体的
crystallization
n. 结晶化
cube
n. 立方体/立方
cubic
adj. 立方体的
cue
n. 提示/暗示
culinary
adj. 厨房的/烹调的
culminate
v. (以某种结果)告终;(在某一点)结束
cultivate
vt. 耕种;培养 (farm/domesticate;nurture/teach)
cultivation
n. 耕种;培养
culture
n. 文明/文化 (civilization)
vt. 培养(微生物细胞组织等) (foster)
horticulture
n. 园艺
agriculture
n. 农业/农艺/农学
cumbersome
adj. 笨重的/难处理的 (burdensome/unwieldy/bulky)
curator
n. (博物馆等)馆长 (keeper/custodian)
curious
adj. (令人)好奇的 (inquisitive)
curiosity
n. 好奇心
currency
n. 通货/货币 (money)
current
n. (液体/气体)流/趋势 (stream/flow)
adj. 现今的 (up-to-date/present)
currently
adv. 现在/当前 (presently/at the present time)
curriculum
n. 学校的全部课程 (course/program)
cushion
n. 垫子/软垫
v. 缓和…的冲力/保护
a cushion of
一层
air-cushion vehicle
气垫船
custodian
n. 看守人/管理人 (curator/guardian)
custom
n. 习惯/传统/惯例 (tradition/practice)
customs
n. 关税
customer
n. 消费者 (patron/clientele)
customarily
adv. 通常地 (usually/habitually)
cuticle
n. 表皮 (epidermis)
cylinder
n. 圆筒/圆柱体
dagger
n. 短剑/匕首 (knife)
daisy
n. 雏菊
damp
adj. 潮湿的/有湿气的 (humid/moist/wet)
dampen
vt. 使潮湿 (moisten)
dangerous
adj. 危险的 (harmful/risky/hazardous)
daring
adj. 大胆的/勇敢的 (bold/brave)
dart
v. 飞奔;投掷 (rush;cast)
n. 标枪/镖/箭
dash off
水猛冲;感情爆发
date
vt. 注明…的日期 (make the time of)
data back
追溯到…
dated
adj. 陈旧的/过时的 (old-fashioned/obsolete)
outdated
adj. 过时的/不流行的 (old/outmoded/antiquated)
validate
vt. (法律)使有效/使生效
inundate
vt. 淹没 (flood/overflow)
daunting
adj. 使人畏缩的 (intimidating/discouraging)
dawn
n. 黎明;开端/开始 (sunrise/morning;beginning/start)
dawning
n. 拂晓/黎明
dazzling
adj. 眼花缭乱的;耀眼的 (bright/brilliant)
deadly
adj. 致命的;极度的 (fatal/lethal)
deal
n. 交易;份量 (transaction/business)
a great deal
丰富/大量
a good deal
许多
big deal
重大的事/重要的人
deal with
处理/应付 (cope with)
debatable
adj. 未决定的/有争执的 (disputable/unsettled)
debate
n. 争论/辩论 (argument)
debt
n. 债务 (liability/obligation)
debtor
n. 债务人
decadent
adj. 颓废的 (self-indulgent/depraved)
decay
vi. /n. 腐烂 (decompose/break sown;distintegration/rottenness)
vi. /n. 衰落 (decline/worsen;decadence)
deceive
vt. 欺骗/行骗 (fool)
decent
adj. 适当的/可接受的 (suitable/fitting)
adj. 得体的/体面的 (honorable)
deceptive
adj. 欺骗的/导致误解的 (misleading/fraudulent)
deception
n. 欺骗/诡计
decimal
adj. 十进制的/小数的 (of tens)
n. 小数
deck
n. 一副(纸牌) (card)
declaration
n. 宣布/宣言 (announcement/avowal/statement)
declare
vt. 宣布/声明
decline
vi. /n. 衰退;下降/减退 (flag/wane;deterioration/decay)
vt. 婉言谢绝 (refuse/reject/turn down)
decompose
v. 分解/(使)腐烂 (decay)
decorate
vt. 装饰/装潢/修饰 (adorn/embellish)
decoration
n. 装饰/装饰品
decorative
adj. 装饰的/可作装饰的 (ornamental/embellishing)
decrease
v. 减少 (lessen/reduce/abate)
defecate
vi. 排粪;通大便
defect
n. 缺点/瑕疵 (flaw)
defective
adj. 有缺陷的
defend
vt. 防护;辩护 (protect/shield/guard)
defense
n. 防卫;防卫物
defensive
adj. 自卫的
defer
vi. 遵从/听从 (yield/submit)
vt. 延期 (delay/postpone)
deferential
adj. 恭敬的/恭顺的 (respectful)
deference
n. 尊重/顺从;敬意
deficiency
n. 缺乏;不足 (scarcity/insufficiency)
deficient
adj. 缺乏的/不足的 (inadequate)
deficit
n. 赤字/不足额 (shortfall)
definite
adj. 清楚地;明确的;确切的 (fixed/exact)
definitely
adv. 明确地/肯定地 (unequivocally/clearly)
definitive
adj. 决定性的/最后的 (conclusive/ultimate)
definition
n. 定义
deform
vt. 使变形 (distort/disfigure)
deformation
n. 损坏/变形
deft
adj. 灵巧的/熟练的 (skilled/skillful/dexterous)
degrade
v. 使降级/贬低 (humiliate/debase)
degradation
n. 退化;降级/降格 (degeneration)
dehydrate
vt. 使脱水 (dry/desiccate)
dehydrated
adj. 干燥的/脱水的
dehydration
n. 脱水/干燥
deign
vi. 屈尊 (condescend)
deity
n. 神/被奉若神明的人或物 (god/divinity)
delay
vt./n. 推迟/耽搁 (defer/put off;adjournment)
delegate
n. 代表 (representative/deputy)
vt. 委派/授权 (authorize/empower)
deliberate
adj. 故意的/早有准备的 (intentional/planned)
adj. 审慎的/深思熟虑的 (careful/prudent)
deliberately
adv. 故意地 (intentionally/purposely)
delicate
adj. 脆的/易损的;娇弱的 (fragile/vulnerable;feeble)
adj. 精致的/细腻的 (enthereal/sensitive)
delicious
adj. 美味的/可口的 (tasty/delectable)
delirium
n. 精神错乱/发狂 (insanity/madness)
delta
n. 三角洲
demobilize
vt. 遣散/使动员
immobilize
vt. 使不动/使固定 (stabilize/fix)
democracy
n. 民主政治/民主主义
demolish
vt. 破坏/摧毁 (raze/destroy/devastate)
demolition
n. 破坏/拆除 (destruction/ruin)
demonstrate
vt. 演示;论证 (show;confirm/prove)
demonstration
n. 实证;示范 (proof;showing)
denomination
n. 宗派/教派 (sect)
n. (货币)面额
denote
vt. 指示/表示 (signify/indicate/show)
denounce
vt. (公开)谴责/斥责 (censure/condemn/reprobate)
dense
adj. 密集的/浓厚的 (thick/compact)
density
n. 密度 (thickness/compactness)
dent
n. 缺口/凹痕 (cavity)
v. 使凹下/凹进
indent
vt. 使凹进
indenture
vt. 以契约束缚(学徒等)
edentate
n. 贫齿类动物
dentistry
n. 牙科
dental
adj. 牙齿的
dentist
n. 牙科医生
deny
vt. 否认/否定 (disagree with/disavow)
vt. 剥夺/拒绝…的要求 (deprive/decline)
depart
vi. 离开/出发 (take off/leave/set out)
depature
n. 离开/出发
dependent
adj. 依赖的;从属的/由…而定的 (relying;conditional)
n. 依赖他人者
depend on
依靠/依赖 (be determined by/rely on)
dependence
n. 依赖/信赖 (reliance)
dependable
adj. 可靠的/可信赖的 (reliable/trustworthy)
independent
adj. 独立自主的/不受约束的
n. 中立派/无党派者
interdependent
adj. 相互依赖的/互助的
depict
vt. 描绘;描写/描述 (portray/picture;describe)
deplete
vt. 耗尽/使衰竭 (exhaust/consume/use up)
deposit
vt. 堆积/沉淀 (set down/lay down)
vt. 放置/寄存 (place)
vt. 产卵 (lay)
n. 堆积物/沉淀;存款;押金 (sediment)
depositor
n. 存款人
depot
n. 仓库/车库 (depository/storehouse)
depreciation
n. 贬值 (devaluation)
depredation
n. 掠夺/破坏 (pillage/plunder/robbery)
depress
vt. 压下/压低 (lower/press down)
depressed
adj. 沮丧的 (sad/gloomy)
under the depressor
被强制
depression
n. 不景气/萧条期 (recession/economic slump)
n. 凹陷处/坑 (valley)
n. 沮丧/消沉 (sadness/low spirits)
deprive
vt. 剥夺/使失去 (deny/take away)
deprivation
n. 贫困;丧失;剥夺
derive
vt. 得到/获取;源于 (obtain/extract)
derive from
来源于 (stem from/root in/base on)
derivative
n. 派生的事物;派生词 (by-product)
descend
v. 传下/遗传
v. 下降 (go down)
descendant
n. 子孙/后裔 (offspring)
descent
n. 血统/世系 (ancestry/origin)
n. 下降 (drop/fall)
desert
n. 沙漠
vt. 遗弃 (fosake/abandon)
deserted
adj. 荒芜的/荒废的
deserve
vt. 应得 (be worthy of/have a right to)
undeserved
adj. 不应得的/不该受的
designate
vt. 指定/任命 (nominate/assign/name)
desire
n. 欲望/要求 (aspiration/wish)
vt. 想要 (hope/want)
desirable
adj. 令人向往的;令人满意的 (worthwhile)
desolate
adj. 荒凉的/无人烟的 (bleak/barren/uninhabited)
desperate
adj. 绝望的/不顾一切的/拼死的 (hopeless;dangerous)
desperately
adv. 迫切地;危机地 (urgently;seriously/severely)
despoil
v. 夺取/掠夺 (plunder/pillage)
despoiler
n. 掠夺者
dessert
n. 餐后甜点
destination
n. 目的地 (termini/end)
destine
vt. 命运注定/预定 (predestine/fate)
destruction
n. 破坏;毁灭 (havoc/demolition)
destructive
adj. 破坏的;毁灭性的 (devastating/ruinous)
detect
vt. 察觉/发觉;探测/侦查 (feel/discover the presence of/discern/sense/identify)
detective
n. 侦探 (investigator)
adj. 侦探的
detectable
adj. 可发觉的;可查明的 (apparent/measurable)
smoke detector
烟雾探测器
deter
vt. 阻碍/制止/使踌躇 (inhibit/keep from=deter from/stop)
deterrent
n. 制止物/威慑力量
detergent
n. 清洁剂
debris
n. 废墟/残骸;碎片 (ruins/residue/trace/remainder/remains)
deteriorate
v. 使恶化;质量下降 (become worse/decline)
determinant
n. 决定因素
determination
n. 决心
determinedly
adv. 决然地
detest
vt. 憎恶 (abhor/loathe)
detrimental
adj. 有害的 (adverse/harmful/pernicious)
detriment
n. 伤害/危害 (harm/damage/injury)
devastate
vt. 毁坏 (ruin/destroy)
devastation
n. 毁坏
devastating
adj. 破坏性的 (destructive)
device
n. 器械/装置 (mechanism/instrument)
devise
vt. 设计;发明 (create/invent)
devoid
adj. 全无的/缺乏的 (free of/lacking) [devoid of]
devote
vt. 投入于/献身;用于/作…之用 (dedicate/contribute)
devotion
n. 热爱/忠诚 (faithfulness/dedication)
devour
vt. 贪婪地吃/吞食 (consume/gorge/gobble)
diagnose
vt. 诊断 (analyze/examine;identify)
diagonal
n./adj. 对角线(的)
diagonally
adv. 成对角线地/斜对地
diagram
n. 图表 (graph/chart)
dialect
n. 方言/土话
dialogue
n. 对话 (conversation)
diameter
n. 直径
dictate
vt. 规定;决定/确定 (prescribe/determine)
diction
n. 措辞/用语 (phrase/wording)
prediction
n. 预言/预报 (prophecy/foretelling)
jurisdiction
n. 权限;管辖范围 (authority/purview/range)
diet
n. 饮食/食物 (nutritional plan/nourishment)
vi. 节食/忌食
dietary
adj. 饮食的
dieter
n. 节食者/减肥者
dietitian
n. 营养学家
dietetics
n. 营养学
differentiate
v. 区分/区别 (set apart/distinguish/discriminate)
undifferentiated
adj. 无差别的/无显著特征的
diffuse
v. 扩散;散播 (spread out)
adj. 散开的/弥漫的 (dispersed/scattered)
digestion
n. 消化
digest
vt. 消化 (assimilate/break down/ingest)
n. 文摘
digestive
adj. 消化的/助消化的
indigestion
n. 消化不良 (dyspepsia/difficulty in digesting)
dignity
n. 尊严/高贵 (nobility/honor)
digression
n. 离题/扯到枝节上 (deviation/diversion)
dilate
vt. 使膨胀/使扩大 (expand/enlarge/widen)
dilemma
n. 困境/进退两难 (predicament)
diligent
adj. 勉强的/勤奋的 (assiduous/industrious/hard-working)
diligently
adv. 勤勉地/尽职地/小心翼翼地 (conscientiously/scrupulously)
dilute
vt. 稀释/淡化 (weaken/attenuate)
dilution
n. 稀释/淡化
dim
adj. 暗淡的/模糊的 (weak/faint)
dimly
adv. 朦胧地/模糊地 (faintly/vaguely)
dime
n. (美)一角硬币
dimension
n. 尺寸;尺度 (measure/size)
dimensional
adj. 空间的
two/three dimensional
两/三维的
diminish
v. (使)减少/(使)变小 (dwindle/reduce/decrease)
dinosaur
n. 恐龙
dioxide
n. 二氧化物
carbon dioxide
n. 二氧化碳
diplomacy
n. 外交/交际手腕 (tact/politics)
diplomatic
adj. 外交的;老练的 (tactful/politic)
disadvantage
n. 缺点/坏处/不利 (drawback/defect)
disaster
n. 灾难/不幸;彻底的失败 (catastrophe/misfortune/calamity)
disastrous
adj. 损失惨重的;悲惨的 (terrible/dreadful)
discard
vt. 丢弃 (jettison/throw away/get rid of)
discern
vt. 看出;察觉到 (detect/perceive)
discernible
adj. 可识别的 (distinguishable/perceptible)
discerning
adj. 有识别能力的;眼光敏锐的 (perceptive/shrewd/wise)
discharge
vt. 释放;排出 (release/give off)
n. 流出 (emission/flow)
n. 放电
disciple
n. 门徒/弟子 (follower/adherent)
discipline
n. 纪律/训练 (training)
n. 学科 (field/subject)
vt. 训练;惩罚 (train/punish)
subdiscipline
n. (学科的)分支/分科
disciplined
adj. 遵守纪律的
discomfort
n. 不适 (distress/uneasiness)
discontented
adj. 不满意/不满足 (dissatisfied/unhappy)