TOEFL - Set 1 Flashcards
abandon
vt. 抛弃;放弃 (forsake/desert;give up)
n. 放纵;沉溺 (unrestraint) [with abandon]
abandoned
adj. 被抛弃的/废置的 (empty/deserted)
abandonment
n. 抛弃;放弃
abbreviate
vt. 缩短;缩写 (shorten/cut/curtail)
abbreviated
adj. 简短的
abbreviation
n. 缩写;缩写词
abide
vi. 遵守 (follow/comply with/observe) [abide by]
vt. 忍受 (endure/put up with/bear/tolerate)
abiding
adj. 持久的 (enduring/permanent/thorough/last/perdure/persist)
ability
n. 能力/才干 (capacity/skill)
inability
n. 无能/无力
capability
n. 实际能力/性能/容量 (capacity/skill)
viability
n. 生存能力;可行性 (life)
variability
n. 可变性
ablaze
adj. 着火的/燃烧的;闪耀的 (burning;radiant/bright)
blazing
adj. 炽烧的/闪耀的 (burning;bright)
abnormal
adj. 反常的/异常的/变态的 (anomalous/unusual)
normal
adj. 正常的/标准的 (standard/regular)
normally
adv. 正常地/通常地 (usually/commonly)
abolish
vt. 废除/取消 (extinguish/extirpate/eliminate/annul)
abolition
n. 废除/取消
abolitionist
n. 废奴主义者
abort
v. 使流产/堕胎;中止/(使)夭折/使(计划)失败 (pause)
abound
vi. 充满;富于 (be full of/be plentiful) [abound in]
abrasion
n. 磨(擦)破;表面磨损 (scratch/friction)
abrasive
adj. 表面磨损的/损伤性的;粗糙的/惊人的
abrupt
adj. 突然的/意外的;(指斜坡)陡峭的;(指演说/写作/言谈举止)粗鲁的 (sudden/unforeseen)
abruptly
adv. 突然地
absenteeism
n. 旷课;旷工 (absence)
absentee
n. 缺席(缺勤)者
absent
adj. 缺少的;不在的/缺席的 (missing;not present)
absence
n. 缺少;不在/缺席
absolute
adj. 完全的;绝对的 (complete;definite/certain)
absolutely
adv. 完全地;绝对地 (utterly/definitely)
absorb
vt. 吸收(液体/知识) (take in/receive/assimilate)
absorption
n. 吸收 (assimilation/reception)
abstract
adj. 抽象的 (theoretical/nonobjective)
n. /vt. 摘要/提炼
abstraction
n. 抽象概念
absurd
adj. 荒谬的/可笑的 (preposterous/ridiculous/foolish)
abundant
adj. 丰富的/充裕的;大量的 (plentiful/profuse)
abundantly
adv. 丰富地 (in great numbers/amply)
abundance
n. 丰富/充裕 (profusion/richness)
abut
vi. 邻近/毗邻 (adjoin/border on)
academic
adj. 学术的;学院的;理论的 (scholarly;collegiate;theoretical)
academician
n. 学会会员;院士;学者
accelerate
v. 加快/加速 (speed up/hasten/hurry/precipitate)
accelerated
adj. 加速的/迅速的 (rapid)
accelerating
adj. 加速的
acceleration
n. 加速度
access
n. 接触/接近(的机会) (approach) [have access to]
n. 入口/通道 (entry/entrance)
v. 着手处理;对付
accessible
adj. 可接近的/可接触的;可得到的 (available/approachable;attainable)
accessibility
n. 易接近;可到达
accessory
n. 附件/零件
accidental
adj. 意外的/偶然的 (unexpected/unforeseen)
accidentally
adv. 意外地/偶然地 (inadvertently/by chance)
accident
n. 意外事件/事故
acclaim
n. 赞誉/赞许 (recognition/praise/laud/eulogize)
vt. 喝彩/欢呼;称赞 (hail/applaud)
acclaimed
adj. 受赞誉的/受人欢迎的
accommodate
vt. 为提供食宿/容纳;与相适应
accommodation
n. 住处
accommodating
adj. 乐于助人的
accompany
vt. 陪伴/伴随;伴奏 (travel with/be associated with)
accompanying
adj. 陪伴的/伴随的 (attendant/concomitant)
accompaniment
n. 伴奏
accomplish
vt. 完成/达到/实现 (finish/achieve)
accomplished
adj. 精通的/熟练的 (skilled/experienced)
accomplishment
n. 成就 (achievement/fulfillment)
accordion
n. 手风琴
account
n. 说明/解释 (report/description)
n. 户头/账户 [open an account]
vi. 解释 (explain) [account for]
on account of
由于/因为 (because of/due to)
take account of
考虑到;体谅
take into account
重视/考虑
account for
解释
accounting
n. 会计学
accountant
n. 会计员/会计师
accredit
vt. 委派(某人)职务;授课 (authorize/commission)
accumulate
vi. 堆积/积聚;积累 (pile up/collect/amass)
accumulated
adj. 积聚的
accumulation
n. 积聚 (accretion/concentration)
accurate
adj. 准确的/正确的 (precise/correct)
accuracy
n. 准确性/正确性
accurately
adv. 正确地
inaccurate
adj. 错误的
accuse
vt. 指责/归咎 (blame/condemn)
accusation
n. 谴责;指控 (indictment/charge)
accustomed
adj. 习惯了的 (habitual to/used to) [accustomed to]
achieve
vt. 完成/实现 (accomplish/fulfill)
achievement
n. 成就/功绩 (feat/accomplishment)
acid
n. 酸
adj. 酸的 (sour/tart)
adj. 尖酸的/刻薄的 (harsh/tart)
acidic
adj. 酸的/酸性的
acidity
n. 酸度/酸性
acquaintance
n. 熟人
acquaint
vt. 使认识/了解/熟悉 (inform about) [acquaint with]
be acquaint with
熟悉
acquisition
n. 获得 (acquirement/attainment)
acquire
vt. 获得/学到 (obtain/secure)
actual
adj. 实际的/现行的 (true/real)
actually
adv. 实际上/事实上 (truly/really/in fact)
actuate
vt. 开动/促使 (set in motion/motivate)
activate
vt. 刺激/使活动 (encourage/stimulate)
actively
adv. 活跃地/积极地 (energetically/vigorously)
acute
adj. 灵敏的/敏锐的 (keen/penetrating)
adj. 剧烈的;很严重的 (intense;critical/severe)
acumen
n. 敏锐/聪明 (acuteness/insight)
adapt
v. (使)适应/调整;改变 (adjust/modify)
adaptable
adj. 能适应的/适应能力强的 (flexible/pliant)
adaptation
n. 改变/改写;适应环境 (modification/adjustment)
adaptive
adj. 适合的;适应的
addict
vt. 使上瘾/使沉溺 (indulge in/be devoted to) [be addicted to]
n. 上瘾的人
addictive
adj. (使人)上瘾的
additive
n. 添加剂 (addition/supplement)
adj. 加法的
additional
adj. 另外的/附加的/额外的 (further/extra)
in addition to
除…之外
adept
adj. 熟练的/擅长的 (competent/skilled/skillful/proficient)
adequate
adj. 足够的/充实的 (sufflicient/enough)
inadequate
adj. 不充分的/不适当的 (deficient/insufficient/poor)
adhere
vi. 黏附/粘牢 (stick/cling) [adhere to]
vi. 追随/坚持 (follow) [adhere to]
adhesive
n. 粘着物 (glue/paste)
adj. 粘着的 (sticky/glutinous)
adjacent
adj. 毗邻的/邻近的 (neighboring/nearby)
adjoin
vt. 毗邻/邻近 (be next to/border on)
adjoining
adj. 毗邻的 (neighboring/adjacent)
adjunct
n. 附件/附属 (addition/accessory)
adjust
vt. 调整;使适于 (adapt/regulate)
adjustment
n. 调整
administer
vt. 管理 (govern/supervise)
administration
n. 经营/管理 (management/supervision)
n. 当局/政府 (directors/executives)
administrative
adj. 管理的;行政的
administrator
n. 管理者;行政官
admire
vt. 钦佩/崇拜;欣赏 (esteem/be impressed;appreciate)
admiration
n. 钦佩/赞美
admiring
adj. 赞赏的
admit
vt. 准许进入 (give access to/allow entrance to)
vt. 承认 (acknowledge/accept)
admittedly
adv. 公认地;诚然/无可否认地 (doubtlessly/surely)
adobe
n. 泥砖/土坯 (clay/brick)
adopt
vt. 采用/采纳 (accept/take on)
vt. 收养 (raise)
adoption
n. 采用
adorn
vt. 装饰 (decorate/embellish/ornament)
adornment
n. 装饰;装饰品 (embellishment/decoration)
unadorned
adj. 未装饰的/朴实的 (plain/simple/unembellished)
advance
vt. 提高/发展;提升 (further/progress)
vt. 提出 (propose/suggest)
vi. 前进 (proceed/move forward)
n. 前进/进步 (improvement/progress)
n. 预先/提前(in advance)
advancement
n. 进展;提升 (progress;promotion)
advanced
adj. 高级的;年老的;先进的
advent
n. 出现/到来 (coming/appearance)
adventure
n. 冒险经历 (risk/venture)
adventurous
adj. 喜欢冒险的/敢作敢为的 (valiant/venturesome)
adventurer
n. 冒险家
adverse
adj. 负面的/不利的 (ill/disadvantageous)
adj. 敌对的/相反的 (hostile/antagonistic)
adversely
adv. 相反地;不利地 (negatively/detrimentally)
adversity
n. 不幸/灾难 (misfortune/mishap)
advocate
n. 提倡者/主张者/拥护者 (champion/proponent)
vt. 拥护/主张 (urge/preach/support)
aesthetic
adj. 美学的/审美的 (beautiful/artistic)
aesthetically
adv. 美学地
anesthetic
n. 麻醉剂 (analgesic/pain-killer)
affect
v. 影响;假装
affected
adj. 装模作样的
affection
n. 友爱/挚爱/情爱 (fondness/love)
affective
adj. 感情的;情感的
affiliate
vt. 使隶属;接纳为成员 (associate;incorporate) [affiliate with]
affinity
n. 亲密关系 (connection/relationship)
n. 吸引;喜爱 (attraction;liking)
n. 本性
affirm
vt. 断言;证实/确认 (assert;confirm)
afflict
vt. 折磨;使苦恼 (plague/suffer/torment)
affliction
n. 痛苦/苦恼 (problem/suffering/pain)
affluent
adj. 富有的/丰富的
afford
vt. 付得起;冒险做 (pay;risk)
vt. 提供 (provide/give)
affordable
adj. 负担得起的/便宜的
agenda
n. 日程/议程 (schedule)
aggravate
vt. 使恶化/使加重 (worsen/exacerbate)
aggravating
adj. 恼人的/讨厌的 (irritating/annoying)
aggregate
n. 总数 (total/sum)
n. 聚集体 (combination)
aggregation
n. 集合/群体
aggressive
adj. 强有力的/坚持己见的 (enterprising/powerful)
adj. 好斗的/有敌意的 (combative/hostile)
aggressiveness
n. 侵略/争斗
agile
adj. 敏捷的/活泼轻快的 (nimble/brisk)
agility
n. 敏捷/活泼
fragile
adj. 易碎的/脆的;脆弱的 (delicate/brittle;weak)
fragility
n. 脆弱
agitation
n. 焦虑/不安;煽动 (anxiety/disturbance)
agreeable
adj. 使人愉快的/合意的 (pleasing/acceptable)
adj. 容易相处的 (affable/friendly)
disagreeable
adj. 不令人喜欢的/令人厌恶的
ailment
n. 疾病(尤指轻病/小病) (sickness/illness/affliction)
aim
n. 目标/计划 (objective/object/plan)
vi. 针对;打算/意欲 (direct towards) [aim at]
air
n. 空气/空中 (atmosphere)
vt. 晾干/使通风 (ventilate/aerate)
airborne
adj. 空气传播的;空运的/空降的 (aloft/flying/in the air)
ajar
adj. (门窗等)微开的 (half-open)
akin
adj. 同族的;类似的 (related;similar) [akin to]
akin to
有密切关系的/类似的
alchemy
n. 炼金术
alert
adj. 机敏的 (vigilant)
vt. 警报;使随时掌握了解 (warn/alarm)
n. 警戒/警报
algae
n. 海藻
alien
adj. 相异的;陌生的 (strange/unfamiliar)
salient
adj. 显著的/突出的 (conspicuous/noticeable)
alignment
n. 排列;联合/联盟 (arrangement;association/alliance)
alike
adj. 想通的/相似的 (similar/resembling)
all but
+ adj. 几乎… (almost/nearly)
+ n. 除…以外所有的
all inclusive
无所不包的
allegation
n. 宣称/主张/断言
allegory
n. 寓言 (parable/fable)
allocate
vt. 分配
alloy
n. 合金 (mixture)
vt. 使成合金 (mix)
allude
vi. 暗指/影射/间接提到 (imply/refer to)
ally
n. 联盟;同盟者 (confederate/partner/collaborator)
v. 结盟 (combine)
rally
v. 召集/集合 (unite/combine)
aloft
adv. 在高处;在空中 (airborne/in flight)
alone
adj./v. 单独的(地) (solitary;by oneself)
aloof
adj. 远离的;冷淡的/漠不关心的 (separate/remote;indifferent)
alter
vt. 改变/修改 (modify/change/convert)
alteration
n. 变更/改造 (renovation/change)
alternate
adj. 交替的/轮流的 (intermittent/every other)
adj. 替代的 (alternative)
vi. 交替/轮流 (fluctuate/rotate/interchange)
alternately
adv. 交替地/隔一个地 (one after another)
alternation
n. 交替/轮流
alternative
adj. 另一可选的/另外的
n. 可选事物/另一种选择 (option/choice)
altitude
n. 高度 (elevation/height)
latitude
n. 纬度/范围
n. 行动或言论的自由(范围) (freedom)
platitude
n. 陈词滥调 (trite saying/cliché)
aluminum
n. 铝
amateur
adj. 业余的 (nonprofessional/inexpert)
n. 业余爱好者 (nonprofessional/layman)
amaze
vt. 使吃惊/使惊叹 (stun/astonish/shock)
amazement
n. 惊愕/惊异 (wonder/surprise)
amazing
adj. 令人惊异的 (awesome/astounding/surprising)
ambience
n. 周围环境/气氛 (atmosphere/environment)
ambition
n. 雄心/抱负 (aspiration)
ambitious
adj. 有雄心的/可望成功的 (aspiring/enterprising)
ambivalent
adj. 有矛盾情绪的/举棋不定的 (mixed/contradictory)
ambivalence
n. 矛盾心理 (conflicting feelings/vacillation)
amble
vi. 漫步/缓行 (ramble/roam/stroll/linger)
scramble
vt. 搅乱/使混杂 (jumble/mix)
v. 攀爬
amenable
adj. 经得起检验的;顺从的;应服从的 (submissive/tractable)
amendment
n. 改正/修正 (correction/revision)
amend
vt. 修改/修正 (revise/change)
amenity
n. 生活福利设施/文娱康乐场所
n. (不可数)愉快/适意
amid
prep. 在…中 (in the middle of/among)
pyramid
n. 金字塔;金字塔现象/形状
amnesia
n. 健忘症
amount
n. 量/总合 (quantity/sum)
vi. 总计;等于 (total/reach) [amount to]
ample
adj. 富足的/充足的 (abundant/plentiful/sufficient)
trample
vt. 践踏/踩坏;蹂躏 (step on/tramp/destroy)
abuse
vt. 滥用;虐待;谩骂 (misuse)
amplify
vt. 放大;扩大;增强 (enlarge;expand;strengthen)
amplification
n. 扩大
an army of
大群的/大量的 (a large number of)
analogy
n. 类比/类推 (comparison)
n. 类比物 (parallel/similarity)
analogous
adj. 类似的 (comparable/similar)
analyze
vt. 分析/分解 (diagnose/examine)
analysis
n. 分析;分析报告 (study/investigation)
psychoanalysis
n. 心理分析
anarchist
n. 无政府主义者 (rebel)
anatomy
n. 解剖;解剖学 (dissection)
ancestor
n. 祖先/祖宗 (forefather/forebear)
ancestry
n. 家系/血统 (descent/origin)
ancestral
adj. 祖先的/祖传的
anecdotal
adj. 轶闻的/多轶闻趣闻的
anecdote
n. 短故事/轶事 (episode/story)
anesthesia
n. 麻醉
angular
adj. 有角的/尖角的
rectangular
n. 矩形的/成直角的
animated
adj. 活生生的;活泼的/生动的 (lively/vigorous/vivacious)
annex
vt. 兼并/附加 (append/add)
annihilate
vt. 消灭;消减 (conquer/destroy/demolish)
announce
vt. 宣布/发表/通告 (herald/give out/proclaim)
announcement
n. 宣告/发表
announcer
n. 广播员;报幕员
annoy
vt. 使恼怒;打扰 (disturb/irritate)
annoying
adj. 恼人的/讨厌的;使人愤怒的 (bothersome/troublesome/irritating)
annual
adj. 每年的 (yearly)
annually
adv. 一年一次/每年 (yearly)
anomaly
n. 异常/不规则;异常的人或物 (aberration/abnormality)
anonymous
adj. 匿名的 (unknown/nameless)
anthem
n. 圣歌/赞美诗 (song/hymn)
anthology
n. 诗集/文选 (collectanea/collection)
anthropology
n. 人类学
antibiotic
adj. 抗菌的/抗生的 (antibacterial)
n. antibiotics 抗生素
anticipate
vt. 预期/预料 (expect/predict)
anticipation
n. 期望/预料
antiquate
vt. 使古旧/废弃
antiquated
adj. 陈旧的/过时的 (old-fashioned/obsolete)
antique
n. 古董 (relic/curio)
adj. 古时的/过时的 (old/archaic/ancient)
antiquity
n. 古迹;古物 (relic)
n. 古代 (ancient times)
n. 古老
antiseptic
n. 防腐剂/杀菌剂 (bactericide)
anxious
adj. 渴望的;担忧的 (eager/keen;worried)
anxiously
adv. 忧虑地
apart from
除…之外 (except for/aside from)
apologize
vi. 道歉 (beg pardon)
apology
n. 道歉/歉意 (regret)
apologetic
adj. 道歉的
appeal
n. 吸引力 (attraction;charm)
vi. 吸引 (attract/fascinate) [appeal to]
vi. 上诉/申请 (challenge) [appeal to]
appealing
adj. 动人的/媚人的 (attractive/charming)
appetite
n. 胃口/食欲 (desire)
applaud
vi. 喝彩/欢呼 (clap/acclaim)
applicant
n. 申请人 (candidate)
apply
v. 应用/适用 (exert) [apply to=use for]
vi. 申请 [apply for]
application
n. 申请 (apply)
n. 施用/运用;作用/影响 (use/employment;influence)
appliance
n. 用具/器具
appoint
vt. 任命/选派 (designate/nominate)
appointment
n. 约会
n. 指定 (arrangement)
disappointment
n. 失望
apportion
vt.(按比例或计划)分配 (distribute/allot)
appraisal
n. 评价/估价 (assessment/evaluation)
appreciable
adj. (数量或变化)很大的/值得重视的/可感知的 (considerable/perceptible)
appreciate
vt. 赏识;鉴赏 (admire/value)
vt. 感激 (be grateful for)
appreciation
n. 欣赏;口味/兴趣 (recognition;taste)
apprentice
n. 学徒
approach
n. 方法 (access/method)
vt. 接近/靠近 (near)
