TOEFL - Set 14 Flashcards
residential
adj. 住宅的/与居住有关的
residence
n. 居住/住处 (dwelling/house/abode)
residual
adj. 剩余的/残留的 (remaining/remanent/surplus)
resist
vt. 抵抗 (withstand/act against)
vt. 不受…影响/抗/耐
resistant
adj. 抵抗的/有抵抗力的
resistance
n. 反抗/抵抗;抵抗力/阻力
resolute
adj. 坚决的/毅然的 (firm/determined/decided)
resolve
vt. 解决 (settle/solve)
resolution
n. 坚定;决定/解决;分辨率/解析度
resonance
n. 回声/反响 (reverberation)
resort
n. 旅游胜地 (vacation spot)
n. /v. 凭借/求助于 (turn for help)[resort to]
resource
n. 资源/财力;办法/智谋 (materials/abilities)
respect
n. /v. 尊敬/敬重 (honour/esteem/admire)
n. 方面 (aspect)
disrespect
n. 失礼/无礼
respective
adj. 分别的/各自的 (individual)
respectively
adv. 分别地/各个地 (separately/individually)
respiration
n. 呼吸 (breathing)
respiratory
adj. 呼吸的 (inhaling and exhaling/breathing)
respond
vi. 回答/反应 (react to/answer)[respond to]
correspond
vi. 符合/协调;通信
corresponding
adj. 相应的
responsible
adj. 有责任的 (accountable)
adj. 负责的;可依赖的 (trustworthy)
responsibility
n. 责任/职责 (duties/obligation)
responsive
adj. 响应的/做出相应的 (reactive)
restore
vt. 使恢复;整修/修复 (reinstate/renovate/renew)
restoration
n. 恢复;翻新
restraint
n. 抑制/克制 (control/constraint/self-control)
restrain
vt. 克制/抑制 (inhibit/stop/repress)
unrestrained
adj. 无限制的 (unchecked/free)
restrict
vt. 限制/约束 (limit/inhibit/confine)
restriction
n. 限制/约束
restrictive
adj. 限制性的 (limiting/confining)
unrestricted
adj. 无限制的/自由的
retail
adj. 零售的
retailer
n. 零售商
tailor
n. 裁缝师
retain
vt. 保持/保留 (conserve/keep/preserve)
retentive
vt. 保留的/有记忆的 (keeping/remembering)
retire
vi. 退休/引退
retirement
n. 退休
retool
vt. 将机械重新整备/重组 (reorganize/reconstitute)
retract
vt. 缩回/撤回 (pull back/retreat)
vt. 收回/取消 (withdraw/cancel)
retreat
n. 消退/退却 (receding)
n. 隐退处 (haven/seclusion)
vi. 撤退/退却 (withdraw/secede)
retrieve
v. 重新找回/取回;找回猎物 (bring back/recover/regain)
retriever
n. 能把猎物找回来的猎狗的一种
retrospect
n. 反顾/回顾 (review/reexamination)
retrospective
adj. 回顾的/怀旧的 (reminiscent)
reveal
vt. 展现;揭露 (expose/uncover/evidence)
revere
vt. 尊崇/尊敬 (worship/venerate/honor)
revered
adj. 可敬的/尊敬的
reverently
adv. 虔诚地
reverse
vt. 颠倒/翻转 (overturn/invert)
n. 背面 (back/rear)
adj. 相反的/倒转的 (opposite/contrary)
reversible
adj. 可逆的/可翻转的
revise
vt. 修改/修订 (amend/change)
revision
n. 修订/校订 (modification/correction)
revitalization
n. 新生/复兴 (rebirth/reinvigoration)
revive
vt. 使复活;使振奋 (resuscitate/recover/renew)
revival
n. 复兴/复活 (resuscitation/resurgence)
revolt
n./v. 反抗/起义/反叛 (resist/rebel)
revolutionize
vt. 大事改革;在…方面发动革命 (completely change/dramatically change)
revolution
n. 革命
revolutionary
adj. 革命的
rhetoric
n. 修辞;修辞学
rhythm
n. 节奏/韵律 (pattern/beat/tempo)
rhythmic
adj. 有节奏的/有韵律的
rhythmical
adj. 有韵律的/有节奏的
ridge
n. 脊/山脊
ridiculous
adj. 荒唐的/可笑的 (ludicrous/foolish)
ridicule
v. 嘲笑 (mock/make fun of)
rifle
n. 来复枪/步枪
rift
n. 裂缝;断裂/长峡谷 (break;crack)
rigid
adj. 坚硬的/不易弯曲的 (stiff)
adj. 严格的 (strict/severe)
rigidity
n. 僵化/死板 (stiffness)
n. 刚性/硬度
rigorous
adj. 严格的 (stringent/strict)
rigor
n. 严酷;严格/严厉 (hardship/harshness/strictness)
rinse
v. 用清水冲洗;漱 (cleanse with water/flush)
riot
n. 暴动/骚乱 (commotion/rebellion)
rip
vt. 撕/撕裂 (tear/rend)
drip
n. 水滴;v. (使)滴下
dripstone
n. 滴水石;滤石
ripe
adj. 熟的;成熟的 (ready/mature)
ripen
v. (使)成熟
risky
adj. 危险的/冒险的 (hazardous/dangerous)
frisky
adj. 活泼的/欢闹的
rite
n. 仪式 (ceremony/ritual)
ritual
n. 典礼/宗教仪式;例行公事/常规 (ceremony/rite;habit)
adj. 典礼的/宗教仪式的 (ceremonial)
rival
vt. 比得上/与…相匹敌
adj. 竞争的 (conflicting/competing)
n. 竞争者;匹敌者 (competitor)
rivalry
n. 竞争;敌对状态 (competition/contest)
roam
vi. 漫游/漫步 (wander/ramble/stroll)
roar
n. 吼/轰鸣 (bellow/rumble)
roast
vt. 烤/烘 (bake/toast)
rod
n. 杆;枝 (stick/shaft)
role
n. 角色/任务 (part;function)
roll
v. 滚动 (turn/spin)
n. (一)卷/卷形物 [rock and roll 摇滚乐]
roost
n. 栖息处/鸟巢
v. 栖息 (alight/perch)
rooster
n. 公鸡
rotate
v. 轮流 (alternate)
v. (使)旋转 (swirl/revolve)
rotation
n. 旋转 (revolution)
rote
n. 死记硬背/生搬硬套
rough
adj. 粗糙的;不平的 (coarse/harsh)
roughly
adv. 概略地;大致地 (approximately/more or less)
routine
n. 常规/惯例 (convention/habit/custom)
adj. 常规的/日常的 (regular/usual)
routinely
adv. 例行公事地 (commonly/regularly/ordinarily)
rubbery
adj. 橡胶似的/有弹性的 (elastic/flexible)
rubble
n. (一堆)碎石/瓦砾
rudimentary
adj. 基本的;初步的/发展未完全的 (primitive/unsophisticated/undeveloped)
rugged
adj. 高低不平的;崎岖的 (uneven/rough)
ruin
v. 破坏/毁灭 (destroy/devastate/exerminate)
ruins
n. 废墟/遗迹 (remains/debris)
rumble
v. 发出低沉的隆隆声 (roar/growl)
n. 隆隆声/辘辘行驶声
rupture
n./v. 断裂/断绝
rural
adj. 农村的/乡下的/田园的 (country/rustic)
urban
adj. 都市的 (municipal/metropolitan)
rust
n. 锈/生锈
n. (植物)患锈病
rustic
adj. 乡村的/乡下风格的 (rural)
sac
n. (生物)囊/液囊 (pouch)
sack
n. 袋/麻袋
knapsack
n. (士兵或徒步旅行者用的帆布或皮制的)背包
sacred
adj. 宗教的;祭祀的
adj. 神圣的/不可冒犯的 (divine/consecrated)
saddle
n. 鞍子/马鞍
saga
n. 英雄传奇 (legend)
sake
n. 缘故;原因 (purpose)
saline
adj. 含盐的/咸的 (salty)
saliva
n. 口水/唾液
salinity
n. 盐分/盐度
saltiness
n. 盐度
sample
n. 范例/样品 (specimen/example)
sanctimonious
adj. 假装神圣的/伪装虔诚的 (hypocritical)
sanction
n. 制裁 (prohibition/penalty)
n. 批准/认可 (approval/consent)
sanctuary
n. 避难所;动物保护区 (shelter/refuge)
n. 圣所/圣殿 (holy place)
infirmary
n. 医院/医务室<美>养老院/救济院 (clinic/hospital)
sandy
adj. 沙的/多沙的
sanitation
n. (公共/环境)卫生/卫生设施 (health/hygiene)
sanitary
adj. (有关)卫生的
sap
n. 树液/汁液 (fluid)
v. 使衰竭 (drain/exhaust)
sapphire
n. 蓝宝石
sarcastic
adj. 讽刺的/挖苦的 (ironic/cynical)
satire
n. 讽刺;讽刺文学 (lampoonery/mockery)
satiric
adj. 讽刺的/挖苦的 (mocking/ironic)
satirist
n. 讽刺作家
satisfactory
adj. 令人满意的/符合要求的 (acceptable/passable)
unsatisfactory
adj. 令人不满意的
saturate
vt. 浸透/使湿透 (soak)
saturated
adj. 渗透的/饱和的 (soaked/drenched)
saucer
n. 茶碟/垫盘 (dish)
save
vt. 拯救;保留 (rescue/salvage;preserve)
prep. 除…之外 (except/apart from)
savings
n. 储蓄/存款 (resources/money saved)
lifesaver
n. 救生者/水难救生员
scale
vt. 攀登 (climb/ascend)
n. 等级/刻度;规模 (measure;extent/range)
n. 鱼鳞/鳞片
scaled
adj. 有鳞状斑点的/有鳞的
upscale
adj. 高消费阶层的
scan
vt. 扫描;细看/审视 (survey/scrutinize)
scapegoat
n. 替罪羊/代人受过的人 (victim)
scarce
adj. 缺乏的/稀有的/罕见的 (rare/limited)
scarcely
adv. 几乎不/简直没有 (hardly/barely/only just)
scare
vt. 惊吓/使受惊 (frighten/alarm)
scarlet
adj. 猩红的/鲜红的 (bright red)
scatter
vt. 使分散/扩散 (sprinkle/disseminate/spread)
scavenger
n. 清道夫/食腐动物
scene
n. 地点/现场;景色 (location/spot;setting/spectacle)
scenery
n. 风景/景色 (landscape/view)
scenic
adj. 风景如画的 (picturesque/beautiful)
scent
n. 气味;香味 (odor/fragrance/perfume)
incandescent
adj. 遇热发光的/白炽的
adolescent
n. 青少年
schedule
n. 时间表;计划表 (timetable/agenda)
vt. 预定/安排 (arrange)
reschedule
v. 重新计划/重订…的时间表
scheme
n. 方案 (design/plan)
n. 阴谋 (plot/intrigue)
scholar
n. 学者 (professor)
scholarship
n. 奖学金
scholarly
adj. 学者气质的/学术的 (academic/scientific)
scissors
n. 剪刀
scope
n. 范围/界限 (range/extent/bound)
score
n. 分数/得分;刻痕/划痕
n. 乐谱
v. 记分
n. 20个
scotch
v. 镇压/粉碎 (put an end to)
Scotch
adj. 苏格兰的
scour
vt. 冲刷/擦掉 (scrub/rub/wear away)
scout
n. 侦察;侦察员
vt. 侦察 (probe)
scrap
n. 废料/残余物 (piece/fragment)
vt. 废弃/扔弃 (throw away/discard)
scrape
n. 刮/擦;擦痕
vi. 刮掉/擦掉;vt. 刮/擦/擦伤 (rub)
scraping
n. 刮削下的碎屑
scratch
vt. 搔/抓/擦 (scrape/rub)
n. 划痕
screen
n. 屏幕
vt. 甄别/审察;掩盖 (examine)
scruple
n. 踌躇;顾忌 (hesitation)
scrupulously
adv. 小心翼翼地 (diligently/gingerly/carefully)
unscrupulously
adv. 肆无忌惮地/无道德的 (unprincipled/immoral)
scuba
n. 水中呼吸器
sculpture
n. 雕塑;雕刻品 (statue)
sculpt
vt. 雕刻/造型
sculptor
n. 雕刻家
sculptural
adj. 雕刻的/雕刻般的
sea cucumber
海参
cucumber
n. 黄瓜
seam
n. 接缝/缝合线
seamen
n. 海员
seabed
n. 海底/海床
seamount
n. 海底山
seaport
n. 海港/港口
seashore
n. 海岸/海滨 (coast/beach/shore)
seaweed
n. 海草/海藻
seasoning
n. 调味品/调料 (flavoring/spice)
seasonal
adj. 季节的/季节性的
unseasonably
adv. 不合时令地/不合时宜地
seclusion
n. 独处/隐居 (solitude/isolation)
seclude
vt. 使隔离/使孤立 (isolate/separate/sequester)
secondary
adj. 中级的
adj. 次要的/伴随的 (subordinate)
secrete
vt. 分泌;隐匿/使隐秘 (produce/excrete)
secretin
n. 分泌素
oversecretion
n. 分泌过多
secret
n. 秘密
sect
n. 宗派/教派 (faction)
sector
n. 扇形面;地区 (segment/region/district)
section
n. 部分/节 (part;district/segment)
sectional
adj. 部分的/部门的
subsection
n. 分部/分段
intersected
adj. 分割的
secular
adj. 世俗的/尘世的 (mundane/earthly/worldly)
secure
vt. 使安全/保卫 (anchor/defend)
vt. 获得 (acquire/obtain/procure)
adj. 安全的;确定无疑的 (safe)
securely
adv. 安心地/安全地
security
n. 安全 (protection/safety)
sedentary
adj. (人或动物)土生的/不迁徙的
adj. (工作)坐着做的(不需运动) (unmoving/motionless)
sediment
n. 沉积物/沉淀物 (deposit)
sedimentary
adj. 沉积的/沉淀性的 (precipitable)
seduce
vt. 勾引/诱惑 (tempt/entice/lure)
seedling
n. 秧苗/树苗
seemingly
adv. 表面上/似乎 (apparently/supposedly)
segment
n. 部分;片断 (sector/portion/section)
segregate
vt. 分离/隔离 (isolate/separate)
seismic
adj. 地震的;由地震引起的
seismology
n. 地震学
selection
n. 选择/挑选;选集/精选品 (choice;variety/collection)
self-sufficient
adj. 自给自足的
semimolten
adj. 半熔化的
semester
n. 学期 (term)
senator
n. 参议员
sensational
adj. 极好的/绝妙的;引起轰动的 (spectacular/exciting/exceptional)
sensation
n. 感觉/知觉 (feeling)
sensible
adj. 明智的/合理的 (rational/wise)
adj. 可感觉到的/明显的 (perceivable)
sensibility
n. 敏感性/感性
sensitive
adj. 灵敏的 (delicate)
adj. 敏感的/易受影响的 (susceptible/vulnerable)
sensitivity
n. 敏感 (sense/acuteness)
photosensitive
adj. [物] 感光性的
sensory
adj. 感觉的/感官的 (perceptive)
sentimental
adj. 感伤性的/感情脆弱的 (emotional)
sentimentalize
v. 伤感
sentimentalism
n. 感情主意/感情用事
sequence
n. 序列;顺序
serene
adj. 平静的/安详的
serious
adj. 严肃的/认真的 (solemn)
adj. 严重的 (severe in effect)
seriously
adv. 认真地;庄重地
serrated
adj. 锯齿状的 (jagged/serrulated)
setting
n. 背景/环境;装置
set aside for
专门留出时间做…
sewer
n. 下水道;裁缝师
shade
n. 阴/阴凉处;阴影 (shadow)
n. 遮光物/帘
lampshade
n. 灯罩
shaft
n. 杆状物/轴 (axes/spindle)
shallow
adj. 浅的 (superficial/low)
sharpen
vt. 消尖;使敏锐/使敏捷 (make pointed)
sharply
adv. 突然地/猛烈地 (steeply/suddenly/abruptly)
shatter
v. 使粉碎/破碎 (destroy/break up)
shear
v. 剪/修剪/剪切 (cut)
n. shears 剪刀
sheath
n. 鞘/外壳 (holder/scabbard)
shed
vt. 脱落/蜕 (fall off)
vt. 流出;发散 (give out)
n. 棚/小屋 (hut/shanty)
sheer
adj. 陡峭的 (steep/abrupt)
adj. 纯粹的/绝对的 (complete/absolute)
shell
n. 壳 (husk)
vt. 去壳/脱落 (husk)
eggshell
n. 蛋壳
shellfish
n. 贝/有壳的水生动物
shelter
n. 掩蔽处;庇护所 (asylum)
vt. 掩蔽 (hide/conceal)
sheltered
adj. 遮蔽的
shield
v. 庇护/保护 (protect/guard)
n. 盾;保护物
shift
v. 移动/改变位置或方向 (change/turn)
n. 轮班 (turn)[be on shift]
n. 转移;改变 (move/change)
shifting
adj. 变动的;运动的 (moving/changing)
shine
vi. 照耀/发光 (polish/radiate)
shining
adj. 发亮的/华丽的 (glowing/radiant)
shiny
adj. 有光泽的/发光的 (lustrous/radiant)
sunshine
n. 阳光
shingle
n. <美口>小招牌(尤指医生或律师挂的营业招牌)
shipment
n. 装运;装载的货物
shipwright
n. 造船工人
wright
n. 建造者/制造者
shock
n. 震动/震惊 (jolt/tremble)
vt. 震惊/激怒 (offend/stun)
shocking
adj. 骇人听闻的 (jolting/frightful/terrible)
shocked
adj. 震惊的/震撼的
shortcut
n. 捷径 (a direct route/crosscut)
short-range
adj. 近程的
shot
n. 照相/照片 (photograph/picture)
n. 开枪/射击 (bullet)
shrink
vi. 收缩/缩小 (contract/compress)
shrinkage
n. 收缩
shrivel
v. (使)枯萎 (wither/shrink)
shrub
n. 灌木;灌木丛 (bush)
shuffle
vt. 洗牌 (disorder/jumble)
shuffle the deck
洗牌
shutter
n. (pl)百叶窗
shuttle
n. 梭子;往返汽车
v. 穿梭往返
shy
adj. 害羞的;胆小的 (timid/bashful)
shyness
n. 羞怯/胆怯
flashy
adj. 浮华的
sick
adj. 不舒服的/有病的;恶心的
homesick
adj. 思家的/思乡病的