Thyroid Pathology Flashcards
What is an oncocytic or a Hurthle cell?
Metaplastic follicular cell cell in benign or malignant lesions
___ are finger like projections into follicular cells where metaplastic cells surround a vessel and connective tissue
Papillary Formation
Diffuse Thyroid enlargement is usually _____, caused by these two things
benign, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves Disease
Graves disease on gross
Color
Increased ___
Decreased ___
red-brown, vascularity, colloid
Hallmark of Graves disease has ____
papillary hyperplasia
Graves disease Lymphocytic infiltration takes place in the ___ while hashimoto’s has lymphocytic infiltration where
stroma; everywhere
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has ___ of the follicular cells, and becomes ___
atrophy; fibrous
Two hallmark features of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Cell seen in this
Lymphocytic infiltration and metaplasia (cells look pink)
Oncocytic cells
Non-toxic nodular goiter has increased __ and is hyperplasia due to less __ and more ___
Color
colloid; T3/T4; TSH
Amber
Non-toxic nodular goiters grossly have ___ (feature) due to the increased colloid
cysts
Non-toxic nodular goiters are very __ (style)
heterogenous
Non-toxic nodular goiters can also have ____ ___ (thyroid feature)
papillary formation
C-cell embryonic origin
neural crest
Follicular adenoma looks like a classic benign lesion grossly and on histo- describe 5 features (2 positive, 3 lacking)
well circumscribed, encapsulated, no invasion, hemorrhage, necrosis
Most well known etiological factor for thyroid carcinoma
Radiation
Papillary carcinoma gene that’s rearranged
ret oncogene
Two thyroglobulin producing tumors
Papillary and follicular carcinoma
Papillary thyroid carcinomas can have these (size) which may be incidental
micro-carcinomas
PTC diagnosis histologically is based on ___ and these two features are seen
nuclear morphology; grooved nuclei and clear cytoplasm
Papillary formations in Graves vs PTC
look at the nuclei- they’ll be clear in PTC
Follicular carcinomas are more common where
iodine deficient region
Follicular carcinoma is basically adenoma plus
invasion
Follicular carcinomas invade via ___ while PTC invade via
blood vessels; lymph nodes
Medullary Carcinomas are __ cell derived and associated with __ syndromes
They make ___ (hormone) and form ___
They have lots of ___ present
c-cell; MEN
Calcitonin; nests
amyloid
Most aggressive tumor in the thyroid
Diagnosis
anaplastic carcinoma
Fatal
Anaplastic carcinoma more common in __ bc they get more nodules
Preceded by a history of ___
women; goiter
Anaplastic carcinomas look like PTCs but don’t make
thyroglobulin
